Bala'i a Zeebrugge
Rushewar jirgin ruwa maras kyau, yana kwance a gefensa. Tarin Hotuna na Leo van Ginderen
Da yammacin ranar 6 ga Maris, 1987, jirgin ruwan Herald of Free Enterprise, mallakar wani jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya Townsend Thoresen (yanzu P&O European Ferries), ya bar tashar jiragen ruwa na Zeebrugge na Belgium. Jirgin, tare da tagwayen jiragen ruwa guda biyu, sun yi aiki da layin da ke haɗa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Nahiyar Turanci tare da Dover. Saboda gaskiyar cewa masu sufurin jiragen ruwa sun kula da ma'aikatan motsa jiki guda uku, an yi amfani da jiragen da karfi sosai. Idan aka yi zaton cewa dukkan kujerun fasinja sun mamaye, za su iya jigilar mutane kusan 40 a kan hanyar Calais-Dover. mutum a rana.
Jirgin ruwa na rana a ranar 6 ga Maris ya yi kyau. Karfe 18:05 "Herald" ta sauke dogon layi, a 18:24 ta wuce shugabannin shiga, kuma a 18: 27 Captain ya fara juyawa don kawo jirgin zuwa sabon hanya, sannan yana tafiya a cikin gudun 18,9. kulli ba zato ba tsammani, jirgin ya jera dalla-dalla zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da kusan 30°. Motocin da aka dauka (motoci 81, manyan motoci 47 da bas 3) sun yi gaggawar matsawa, inda suka kara nadi. Ruwa ya fara shiga cikin ramin ta cikin ramukan, kuma bayan wani lokaci ta cikin tarkace, bene da kuma buɗe ƙyanƙyashe. Zafin jirgin ya dau dakika 90 kacal, jirgin da aka jera ya jingina da kasan gefen tashar kuma ya daskare a wannan matsayi. Fiye da rabin kwandon sun fito sama da matakin ruwa. Don kwatanta, zamu iya tunawa cewa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, jiragen ruwa 25 na Royal Navy (kimanin 10% na asarar duka) sun nutse a cikin kasa da minti 25 ...
Duk da cewa bala'in ya afku a nisan mita 800 kacal daga mashigin ruwan da ke cikin tashar ruwa a cikin kankanin ruwa, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kasance mai ban tsoro. Daga cikin fasinjoji 459 da ma'aikatan jirgin 80, mutane 193 ne suka mutu (ciki har da matasa 15 da yara bakwai 'yan kasa da shekaru 13, an haifi mafi karancin shekaru 23 da suka wuce). Wannan ita ce asarar rayuka mafi girma a lokacin zaman lafiya da aka rubuta a tarihin jigilar jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya tun bayan nutsewar jirgin ruwan sintiri na taimako na Iolaire a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1919, kan hanyoyin Stornoway a cikin Ƙasar Hebrides (mun rubuta game da wannan a cikin Tekun 4). /2018).
Irin wannan adadi mai yawa da aka samu ya samo asali ne sakamakon nadi na kwatsam na jirgin. Mutanen da suka yi mamaki aka mayar da su bango suka yanke hanyar ja da baya. An rage damar samun ceto ta hanyar ruwa, wanda ya shiga cikin kwandon da karfi. Ya kamata a lura cewa da jirgin ya nutse a zurfin zurfi kuma ya kife, tabbas adadin wadanda suka mutu ya fi haka. Bi da bi, babban abokin gaba na wadanda suka gudanar da barin nutsewa jirgin shi ne sanyaya na kwayoyin, hypothermia - ruwa zafin jiki ne game da 4 ° C.
Aikin ceto
Jirgin da ke nutsewa ya aika kiran gaggawa ta atomatik. Cibiyar Haɗin kai na gaggawa a Ostend ce ta rubuta ta. Ma'aikatan jirgin da ke aiki a kusa kuma sun ba da rahoton bacewar fitilun jirgin. A cikin mintuna 10, an tayar da wani helikwafta mai saukar ungulu a sararin sama, wanda ke bakin aiki a wani sansanin soji da ke kusa da Zeebrugge. Bayan ƴan mintuna kuma wata mota ta haɗa shi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin jiragen ruwa na tashar jiragen ruwa sun je ceto - bayan haka, bala'in ya faru kusan a gaban ma'aikatan su. Rediyo Ostend ya yi kira da a shiga cikin ayyukan kungiyoyin ceto na musamman daga Netherlands, Burtaniya da Faransa. An kuma yi shirye-shiryen shigo da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na nutsewa da na ruwa daga cikin jiragen ruwa na Belgium, wadanda jirgin helikwafta ya yi hatsarin rabin sa'a bayan da jirgin ya kife. Ƙaddamar da irin wannan gagarumin ƙarfi ya ceci rayukan yawancin waɗanda suka tsira daga cikin mawuyacin hali na daƙiƙa 90 na nutsewar jirgin kuma ruwan da ke cikin jirgin bai yanke shi ba. Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da suka isa yankin da hatsarin ya afku, sun dauko wadanda suka tsira, wadanda a kashin kansu, ta tagogi da suka karye, suka nufi gefen jirgin da ke makale a saman ruwa. Jiragen ruwa da kwale-kwale ne suka dauko wadanda suka tsira daga cikin ruwan. A wannan yanayin, lokaci ba shi da tsada. A yanayin zafin ruwa na kimanin 4 ° C a lokacin, mutum mai lafiya da ƙarfi zai iya zama a ciki, dangane da yanayin mutum, na tsawon mintuna da yawa. Da karfe 21:45, masu aikin ceto sun riga sun saukar da mutane 200 a gabar tekun, kuma sa'a guda bayan shiga wuraren da ba a yi ambaliyar ruwa ba, adadin wadanda suka tsira ya zarce mutane 250.
A lokaci guda kuma, ƙungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki sun je sassan jirgin da ya nutse. Ga dukkan alamu yunkurin nasu ba zai haifar da wani sakamako ba, sai dai a fitar da wata gawa. Duk da haka, da karfe 00:25, an gano mutane uku da suka tsira a daya daga cikin dakunan da ke gefen tashar jiragen ruwa. Wurin da bala'in ya same su bai cika cika ba, an samar da jakar iska a cikinsa, wanda ya baiwa wadanda lamarin ya shafa damar tsira har sai da agaji ya iso. Duk da haka, su ne na ƙarshe da suka tsira.
Wata guda bayan faduwar jirgin, tarkacen jirgin, wanda ya toshe wata hanya mai mahimmanci, ya taso ne sakamakon kokarin fitaccen kamfanin nan Smit-Tak Towage and Salvage (bangaren Smit International AS). Crane guda uku masu iyo da kuma na'urorin ceto guda biyu, masu goyan bayan tug, da farko sun sanya jirgin a kan madaidaicin keel, sannan suka fara fitar da ruwa daga cikin kwandon. Bayan da tarkacen jirgin ya sake dawowa, an zagaya su zuwa Zeebrugge sannan aka haye Westerschelda (bakin Scheldt) zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa na Holland De Schelde a Vlissingen. Yanayin fasaha na jirgin ya sa sake sabuntawa ya yiwu, amma mai mallakar jirgin ba shi da sha'awar wannan, kuma sauran masu saye ba sa so su zabi irin wannan bayani. Don haka, jirgin ya ƙare a hannun Compania Naviera SA daga Kingstown a St. Vincent da Grenadines, wanda ya yanke shawarar jefa jirgin ba a Turai ba, amma a Kaohsiung, Taiwan. An gudanar da jajircewa a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1987 - Maris 22, 1988 ta hanyar tug "Markusturm". Babu motsin rai. Ma’aikatan jirgin sun fara tsira daga babban guguwar da ke kusa da birnin Cape Finisterre, duk da cewa tuwon ya karye, sannan tarkacen jirgin ya fara daukar ruwa, lamarin da ya tilasta musu shiga birnin Port Elizabeth na kasar Afirka ta Kudu.
Mai jirgin ruwa da jirgi
The Townsend Thoresen Shipping Company an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar siyan ne a cikin 1959 ta ƙungiyar Monument Securities na kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na Townsend Car Ferries sannan na Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na Otto Thoresen, wanda shine kamfani na iyaye. A cikin 1971, wannan rukunin ya sami Atlantic Steam Navigation Company Ltd (wanda aka yi masa lakabi da Sabis na Ferry Transport). Duk kasuwancin guda uku, waɗanda aka haɗa su ƙarƙashin Ferries na Turai, sun yi amfani da sunan alamar Townsend Thoresen.
