Fasahar sauyawa da yuwuwar gyara hanyoyin gilashin abin hawa

Gilashin abin hawa yana ba da aikin shigar haske a cikin ɗakin abin hawa, yana bawa ma'aikatan damar sarrafa halin da ake ciki a kan hanya da kewaye, da ikon duba abin hawa, kuma yana ba da sabis don kare fasinjoji (kaya) daga yanayin yanayi mara kyau. (iska, UV radiation, zafi, sanyi, da dai sauransu). Gilashin da ya dace yana ƙarfafa jiki. Ana yin musanya ko gyaran gilashin musamman lokacin da aka toshe su (misali, ta hanyar goge-goge), lokacin da mai ɗaukar hoto ya tsage ko yayye. Yanayin glazing na motocin ana tsara su ta Dokar Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Sadarwa na Jamhuriyar Slovak SR 464/2009 - Cikakken bayani game da ayyukan motoci a cikin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa. § 4 para. 5. Ana iya yin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare ga glazing na motocin da ke haifar da raguwar watsa haske kawai a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan da aka tsara a cikin Dokar UNECE No. 43. Ana iya yin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare ga glazing abin hawa a waje da yankin sarrafawa "A" na gilashin iska. Fasaha don sarrafawa da gyaran gyare-gyaren glazed na motoci ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa gilashin baya canza launi na abubuwa, fitilun sigina da siginar haske a cikin yankin da aka gyara.

A bit of ka'idar

An raba dukkan tagogin mota zuwa gaba, gefe da na baya. Genuna zuwa dama ko hagu, baya ko gaba, ja-fita ko triangular. A wannan yanayin, taga na baya da na gaba suna zafi kuma ba mai zafi ba. Gilashin iska da tagogin baya ana iya raba su zuwa roba ko manne da jiki da duk tagogi da launi. Gilashin da aka ɗora akan roba a cikin motocin fasinja ana amfani da shi akan tsofaffin nau'ikan motocin. A cikin sabbin nau'ikan, kusan babu irin wannan taro, ban da motocin da aka yi bisa ga buri na musamman na masu siye. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin motocin kasuwanci (motoci, bas, kayan gini, da sauransu). Gabaɗaya, ana iya cewa an riga an maye gurbin wannan fasaha ta hanyar fasahar gilashin da ke manne a jiki.

Gilashin da aka liƙa yana haɗe zuwa jiki tare da shirye-shiryen bidiyo na musamman. Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan polyurethane guda biyu tare da lokacin warkewa na 1 zuwa 2 hours (lokacin da za'a iya amfani da abin hawa) a 22 ° C. Waɗannan samfuran suna haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar masana'antun gilashin mota kuma suna aiki azaman hanyar haɗi tsakanin su. jiki da firam ɗin yumbura.a zafin jiki na kusan 600 ° C kai tsaye a saman gilashin motar. Idan ana bin hanyar fasaha, gyaran yana dawwama a zahiri.

Gilashin iska da kayan aikinsu

Gabaɗaya, ana iya raba kayan aikin gilashin kusan zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa: tinting, dumama, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, eriya, fim ɗin sauti, tsinkayar baya akan gilashin iska.

Zanen gilashin mota

Fasaha ce da ke rage watsa haske, tana danne makamashin haske, tana nuna kuzarin haske, tana rage hasken UV, tana kwasar haske da makamashin thermal daga hasken rana, da kuma kara karfin shading.

Gina da zanen (tinting) na gilashin mota

Bayyana nau'ikan tinting na iska ba tare da sanin ƙirar su ba na iya zama da wuya a fahimta, don haka zan ba da bayanin da ke gaba. Gilashin iska ya ƙunshi yadudduka biyu na tinted ko share gilashi da kuma fim mai kariya tsakanin waɗannan yadudduka. Launi na gilashin yana ƙayyade ta launi na gilashin, launi na kariya na rana yana ƙayyade ta launi na foil. An yanke siffar gilashin daga gilashin takarda mai laushi kuma an sanya shi a cikin tanderun gilashi a cikin wani nau'i na musamman wanda ke kwatanta siffar gilashin mota na gaba. Daga baya, gilashin yana zafi har zuwa zafin jiki na kimanin 600 ° C, wanda ya fara yin laushi da kwafi siffar ƙirar a ƙarƙashin nauyinsa. Nan da nan kafin a fara dumama, ana amfani da firam ɗin yumbu a saman Layer na waje ɗaya don haɗawa da kyau tare da manne lokacin manne gilashin ga jikin mota a nan gaba. Dukan tsari yana ɗaukar 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samar da nau'ikan gilashin biyu, sa'an nan kuma an saka fim ɗin kariya mai ɓoye a tsakanin su. Dukkanin samfurin an mayar da shi a cikin tanda kuma yana mai tsanani zuwa 120 ° C. A wannan zafin jiki, foil ya zama m kuma ana fitar da kumfa na iska. A wannan yanayin, fim ɗin yana kwafi siffar nau'in gilashin gilashin biyu kuma yana samar da wani abu mai kama da juna. A mataki na biyu, an haɗa maɗauran ƙarfe don madubai, firikwensin firikwensin, tashoshi na eriya, da sauransu. Idan ana yin dumama, ana shigar da gilashin mai zafi tsakanin foil da murfin waje na gilashin mota, an saka eriya tsakanin foil da murfin ciki na gilashin motar.

Gabaɗaya, ana iya cewa an yi fentin tagogi don inganta jin daɗin mai amfani da abin hawa, rage zafi a cikin abin hawa da kuma kare idanun direba, tare da kiyaye ra'ayi daga abin hawa ko da a ƙarƙashin hasken wucin gadi. Kalar gilashin mota yawanci kore ne, shuɗi da tagulla.

Gilashin da ke da fasahar Sungate, wanda ke ɗauke da wani nau'i na musamman mai duhun kai akan gilashin, wanda ke mayar da martani ga ƙarfin hasken rana, an haɗa shi cikin wani nau'i na musamman. Lokacin kallon waɗannan tabarau, launin ruwan shunayya yana bayyane a fili.

Sau da yawa akwai gilashin iska tare da abin da ake kira. sunbathing. Wani sinadari ne da ke sake rage zafin motar kuma yana kare idanun direban. Rawan rana yawanci shuɗi ne ko kore. Duk da haka, akwai kuma launin toka. Wannan tsiri yana da kaddarorin kariya iri ɗaya kamar ratsan shuɗi da kore, amma ba kamar su ba, a zahiri ba a iya gani daga kujerun gaba na abin hawa kuma, sabili da haka, baya rage ra'ayi daga abin hawa.

Sensors akan tagogin mota

Waɗannan su ne, misali, o ruwan sama da na'urori masu auna haske, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ke da alhakin goge labulen ruwa a kan gilashin iska, kunna fitilolin mota a cikin yanayin rashin gani, da dai sauransu. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna nan kusa da wurin kallon baya na ciki. madubi ko kai tsaye kasa da shi. An haɗa su da gilashin ta amfani da ɗigon gel mai mannewa ko kuma wani ɓangare ne na gilashin iska kai tsaye.

Gilashin gefen mota

Gilashin gefe da na baya suma suna da zafi, kuma wannan kusan fasaha iri ɗaya ce da ta fuskar gilashin, tare da bambancin cewa tagogin galibin layi ɗaya ne kuma ba tare da fim ɗin kariya ba. Kamar gilashin iska, suna zafi har zuwa 600 ° C kuma su tsara su zuwa siffar da ake so. Tsarin sanyaya na gaba kuma yana haifar da matsananciyar damuwa (miƙewa, tasiri, zafi, da sauransu) don karya gilashin cikin ƙananan guda. An raba tagogi na gefe zuwa dama da hagu, na baya ko gaba da mai ja da baya ko triangular. Ana iya samun tagogi na baya masu triangular a ƙofar ko kuma a kafa su a jikin mota. Ana iya fentin tagogin gefen baya a cikin wata inuwa da ake kira Sunset ko Gilashin Rana. Fasahar faɗuwar rana jiyya ce da ke iya kawar da makamashin hasken rana da kashi 45% kuma ta rage hasarar UV da kashi 99%. Fasahar gilashin Sunsave gilashin da aka samar ta hanyar amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya kamar na'urar iska mai rufi biyu tare da fim mai kariya tsakanin gilashin gilashi biyu. An yanke shawarar launi na taga ta hanyar canza launi ɗaya ko duka biyu na gilashi, yayin da tsare ya kasance a bayyane.

Tagar motar ta baya

Fasahar masana'anta daidai take da tagogin gefe, gami da Faɗuwar rana da fasahar gilashin Rana. Bambanci mafi mahimmanci ya ta'allaka ne kawai a cikin dumama gilashin da wasu takamaiman abubuwa, kamar firam ɗin yumbu mara kyau don fitilun birki, gami da mannen ƙarfe, buɗewa don gogewa da wanki, ko haɗin haɗi don dumama da eriya.

Fasaha maye gurbin gilashi

Mafi sau da yawa, ana maye gurbin gilashin gilashin da suka lalace; a halin yanzu, tagogi masu gilashi biyu sun fi manne a cikin motocin fasinja. Ga motocin da kwanan watan samarwa ko na manyan motoci, bas da tagogin gefe, gilashin yawanci ana kewaye da firam ɗin roba.

Laminated gilashin maye hanya

• Shirye-shiryen duk kayan aikin aiki, kayan haɗi masu mahimmanci. (hoton da ke ƙasa).
• Cire ƙullun datsa, hatimi, braket da goge goge bisa ga umarnin masana'anta. Kafin cire tsohon gilashin, ya kamata a kiyaye saman jikin jiki tare da tef ɗin rufewa don kada ya lalata aikin fenti.
• Za a iya yanke gilashin da aka lalata tare da kayan aiki masu zuwa: karban wutar lantarki, rarraba waya, wuka mai zafi (dole ne a kula da shi don daidaita yawan zafin jiki na wuka daidai, in ba haka ba za'a iya cajin yanki na tsohuwar manne). Kullum muna amfani da gilashin tsaro lokacin da muke maye gurbin tagogin mota.
• Hanyar yankan gilashi.
• Yanke sauran manne akan flange na jikin motar zuwa kusan kauri. Layer 1-2 mm lokacin farin ciki, wanda ke haifar da sabon wuri mai kyau don amfani da sabon m.
• Shigarwa da duba sabon gilashi. Don samun mafi kyawun daidaiton ajiya, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku auna sabon gilashi kafin kunna shi. Saka duk masu sarari kuma yi alama daidai matsayin gilashin tare da tef ɗin rufe fuska.
• Pre-maganin gilashin mota: tsaftace gilashin tare da samfur (Activator). Shafa saman gilashin da aka ɗaure tare da tsaftataccen kyalle mara lint ko tawul ɗin takarda da aka jiƙe da samfur. Aiwatar a cikin siraren bakin ciki a cikin bugun jini ɗaya, sannan a goge. Lokacin iska: Minti 10 (23 ° C / 50% RH). Tsanaki: Kariyar UV: lokacin maye gurbin tagogin mota ba tare da murfin yumbu baƙar fata ko murfin allo, bayan kunna gilashin tare da shirye-shiryen, yi amfani da abin da ake kira firamare tare da murfin murfin bakin ciki ta amfani da goga, ji ko applicator. Lokacin iska: Minti 10 (23 ° C / 50% RH).

Flange surface pretreatment

Tsaftacewa daga datti tare da samfur. Shafa fuskar haɗin gwiwa tare da zane mai tsabta, bi da bi. Tawul ɗin takarda da aka jiƙa da samfur. Aiwatar a cikin sirara mai bakin ciki a cikin bugun jini ɗaya, sannan a goge. Lokacin iska: Minti 10 (23 ° C / 50% RH).

• Bayan matakin kunnawa, gyara duk wani lalacewar fenti da aka yi ta hanyar cire tsohuwar gilashi tare da fentin gyaran gyare-gyare, wanda yawanci shine ɓangare na kayan aiki. Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa ga aikin fenti, muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da fenti na asali na gyaran gyare-gyaren da aka ƙayyade ta masu sana'ar abin hawa. Tsanaki: Kar a fenti a kan tsohuwar manne da ta saura.
• Shirye-shiryen manne harsashi kanta - cire hular, murfin kariya, sanya harsashi a cikin manne gun.
• Aiwatar da manne zuwa gilashin acc. zuwa gefen shari'ar a cikin hanyar waƙa mai kusurwa uku ta amfani da tukwici na musamman da aka kawo tare da samfurin. Hankali: idan ya cancanta, dangane da tsayin flange na jiki da kuma bayanan masana'antun abin hawa, wajibi ne a gyara siffar tip.
• Shigar da sabon gilashi. Dole ne a shigar da sabon gilashi a cikin lokacin saitin manne da aka ƙayyade a cikin ƙayyadaddun samfur. Don sauƙaƙe sarrafa gilashin, muna amfani da masu riƙewa - kofuna na tsotsa. Latsa sauƙi a kan layin manne tare da tsawonsa duka don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tare da m. Lokacin shigar da sabon gilashi, buɗe kofofin da tagogin gefe don ku iya aiki akan gilashin daga cikin abin hawa.
• Sake saka tarkace, robobi, goge-goge, madubi na baya na ciki ko firikwensin ruwan sama. Idan ya cancanta, cire ragowar m tare da samfur kafin warkewa.

Hakanan ana nuna tsarin maye gurbin gilashin gilashin a cikin bidiyo mai zuwa:

Maye gurbin gilashin da aka yi da roba

Abin da ake kira ruwan tabarau na roba ko ruwan tabarau da aka saka a cikin hatimin roba ana amfani da su ne kawai a cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan motocin fasinja. Koyaya, a cikin manyan motoci da manyan motoci, wasu masana'antun har yanzu suna amfani da wannan hanyar amintaccen gilashin. Amfanin maye gurbin irin waɗannan gilashin shine ceton lokaci.

A cikin tsofaffin motoci, lalata yana faruwa a gefen ramin da aka shigar da gilashin. Lalacewa tana korar robar da aka rufe kuma ta fara kutsawa ta wadannan wuraren. Muna magance wannan matsala ta hanyar rufe magudanar ruwa tare da manna na musamman. Idan manna mai rufewa ba ya aiki, wajibi ne don cire gilashin daga gidaje, samun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun gyare-gyare da kuma sake shigar da gilashin, idan zai yiwu tare da sabon hatimin roba.

Gyaran gilashin iska

Gyara ko haɗawa madadin kammalawa da maye gurbin gilashin mota. Musamman ma, ana gyara tsagewa ta hanyar zana iska daga cikin rami na tsattsage kuma a maye gurbinsa da wani abu na musamman tare da ma'anar refractive iri ɗaya da haske.

Gyaran gyaran zai dawo da ƙarfin asali da kwanciyar hankali na gilashin mota kuma a lokaci guda yana inganta ingantaccen kayan aikin gani a wurin lalacewar asali. Kashi 80% na tsagewar da ke haifar da tasirin dutse ana gyara su ta hanyar fasaha, idan har fasa ba zai ƙare a gefen gilashin ba.

Ta hanyar siffa, muna rarrabe nau'ikan fashe kamar haka:

Dalilan gyaran gilashin iska

Kuɗi:

• ba tare da inshorar haɗari ko ƙarin inshorar iska ba, maye gurbin gilashin mota na iya zama mai tsada sosai,
• koda a yanayin inshorar haɗari, abokin ciniki yakan biya ƙarin caji.
• tare da ainihin gilashin gilashin, motar tana da ƙimar siyarwa mafi girma,
• saboda fashewa a fannin hangen nesa na direba, za a tuhumi tarar dubun-dubatar Yuro kuma watakila ma a ki amincewa da shi a fasfo din fasaha.

Na fasaha:

• hadarin leaks saboda gluing sabon gilashin,
• Idan gilashin asali ya yanke, harka ko ciki na iya lalacewa.
• ta hanyar gyara tsattsauran ra'ayi, za a hana kara fadada shi har abada.
• maido da aikin aminci - jakar iska ta fasinja ta gaba tana dogara da gilashin iska lokacin da aka kunna.

By lokaci:

• Yawancin abokan ciniki sun fi son gyaran gaggawa yayin da kuke jira (a cikin awa 1) maimakon dogon maye gurbin gilashin da ke buƙatar motar ta tsaya yayin da manne ya bushe.

Ra'ayin masu insurer akan gyaran gilashi

Kamfanonin inshora sun san wannan hanyar. Dalilin a bayyane yake - kamfanin inshora zai biya kuɗi kaɗan don gyaran gilashi fiye da maye gurbinsa. Idan tsagewar ya dace da yanayin gyara, to wasu kamfanonin inshora ma suna buƙatar gyara. Idan abokin ciniki ya bi hanyar da ta dace don ba da rahoto game da abin da ya faru, kamfanin inshora ya wajaba ya biya don gyara ko da abin da ake kira sabis na kwangila. Yanayin shine binciken farko na gilashin da ya lalace ta mutumin da kamfanin inshora ya ba da izini.

Wadanne nau'ikan gilashin mota ne za a iya gyarawa?

Duk wani gilashin gilashin mota mai Layer biyu ana iya gyarawa. Ba kome ba idan gilashin a bayyane yake, mai launin launi, mai zafi ko kuma mai haske. Wannan ya shafi motoci, manyan motoci da bas. Duk da haka, ba za a iya gyara gilashin gefe da na baya ba, wanda zai wargaje cikin ƙananan guntuwa da yawa idan an karye. Hakanan ba zai yiwu a gyara fitilun mota ko madubi ba.

Kuna iya ganin tsaga bayan gyarawa?

Haka ne, kowane gyaran gilashin mota yana barin wasu alamun gani, wanda ya dogara da nau'in fashewa. Garages mafi kyau kuma mafi mahimmanci kawai za su nuna a gaba a kan gilashin gilashin samfurin irin nau'in sawun na gani da za a iya sa ran. Duk da haka, bayan gyaran gyare-gyaren inganci, ƙwanƙwasa na asali kusan ba zai iya gani ba idan an duba shi daga waje. Direba baya fuskantar tara da haɗarin matsaloli tare da kulawa.

Menene mafi girma da za a iya gyarawa?

A zahiri, a zahiri yana yiwuwa a gyara tsagi, ba tare da la'akari da girmansa da tsayinsa ba (yawanci har zuwa 10 cm). Duk da haka, kullun kada ya ƙare a gefen gilashin, kuma ramin shigarwa (matsayin tasiri na dutse - raƙuman ruwa) kada ya fi girma fiye da 5 mm.

Shin shekarun fashewar da matakin gurɓatawa sun dogara da wannan?

Ba kome idan mun gyara tsaga a cikin sabis na mota da ke amfani da fasaha na musamman na musamman.

Menene waɗannan baƙar fata a cikin tsagewar?

Tabo mai duhu (wanda aka fi gani idan an rufe tsagewar da farar takarda) shine sakamakon iskar da ke shiga cikin rami mai tsaga. Lokacin da iska ta shiga tsakanin Layer na farko na gilashin da foil, yana haifar da tasirin gani na baƙar fata. Tare da ingantaccen gyare-gyare na fashe, iska yana tsotse 100% kuma an maye gurbin shi da wani abu na musamman tare da ma'anar refractive iri ɗaya kamar gilashi. Bayan gyare-gyare mara kyau, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, kayan cikawa ya "matattu" kuma ya bar wani rami mara kyau. A cikin mafi munin yanayi, baƙar fata na gani na gani za su kasance a cikin fashe, yana nuna rashin cikar hakar iska. A wannan yanayin, fasa na iya ma faɗaɗawa.

Wadanne nau'ikan sabis ne suke gyaran gilashin mota a yau?

Ana ba da gyaran gyare-gyaren gilashin gilashin rana ba kawai ta kamfanoni na musamman, irin su Autosklo XY ba, har ma da wasu ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ba sa buƙatar maye gurbin gilashin mota kwata-kwata a cikin ayyukansu. Ana kuma yin gyare-gyare masu inganci ta amfani da fasahohin ƙwararru ta hanyar shagunan taya, da dai sauransu.

Gilashin gyaran gilashi ta amfani da fasaha mara amfani

Lokacin gyaran gilashi, lalacewa yana kawar da simintin. Na farko, ana shan iska daga wurin da aka lalace, kuma lokacin da ake wankewa, ana cire ƙananan datti da danshi. Wurin yana cike da resin bayyananne kuma an ba shi damar warkewa da hasken UV. Gilashin da aka gyara yana da kaddarorin gani da injina iri ɗaya kamar gilas ɗin da ba a gama ba. Ingancin gyaran gyare-gyare yana rinjayar lokacin da ya wuce daga lokacin lalacewa zuwa lokacin gyarawa, da kuma yanayin lalacewa. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuntuɓar sabis ɗin da wuri-wuri. Idan wasu wajibai sun hana mu ziyartar sabis ɗin, wajibi ne a rufe yankin da ya lalace tare da tef mai jujjuyawa. Za mu rage shigar datti da damshin iska zuwa wurin da ya lalace.

Lokacin gyaran tagogin mota, dole ne mu yi la'akari, da farko, yanayin fasaha na yiwuwar gyarawa da kuma kimantawa na gyaran da aka yi, kuma daga yanayin tattalin arziki da na wucin gadi.