Dabarun Submarine a cikin Yaƙin Tekun Atlantika 1939-1945. part 2

Jamus "Milk Cow" (nau'in XIV) - U 464 - tun 1942, a cikin Atlantic, samar da sauran submarines da man fetur, torpedoes da abinci.

Shiga yakin Amurka ya canza hoton yakin Tekun Atlantika sosai. Jiragen ruwa na dogon zango na Jamus a farkon rabin shekarar 1942 sun yi nasara sosai a gabar tekun Amurka, suna cin gajiyar rashin kwarewar Amurkawa wajen yaki da jiragen ruwa. A cikin yakin basasa a tsakiyar Tekun Atlantika, duk da haka, "Gray Wolves" ba su da sauƙi. Dangane da yadda masu rakiya ke dada karfi, da kuma yada ingantattun na'urorin radar da aka sanya a kan jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na kawance, ya zama dole a sauya dabarun kai hari kan ayarin motocin.

Tuni a tsakiyar watan Disamba na 1941, Dönitz ya ɓullo da wani shiri na harin jirgin ruwa na farko na U-Bot a gabashin gabar tekun Amurka da Kanada. Ya yi fatan cewa Amurkawa ba su da kwarewa wajen yakar jiragen ruwansa kuma jiragen ruwa na Nau'in IX da aka aika zuwa wadannan ruwayen za su yi nasara sosai. Ya juya cewa yana da gaskiya, amma zai iya zama in ba haka ba, domin har zuwa karshen watan Janairu 1942, masu bincike na Birtaniya sun bi motsin jiragen ruwa na Jamus a cikin teku. Sun gargadi rundunar Amurka game da shirin kai harin na Jamus, har ma da bayyana lokacin da kuma ainihin lokacin da ya kamata a sa ran da kuma jiragen ruwan Jamus za su shiga ciki.

HMS Hesperus - daya daga cikin Birtaniya halaka tsunduma a cikin yaki a cikin Atlantic tare da Jamus submarines.

Duk da haka, Admiral Ernest King mai kula da tsaron yankin ya yi alfahari da tambayar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Biritaniya yadda za su kare kansu da kyau da jiragen ruwa na U-kwale-kwale a cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Hasali ma dai wasu da ke karkashin Sarki ba su yi wani abu da zai hana Jamus kai farmaki a kusa da manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Amurka ba, duk da cewa saura wata guda kenan tun bayan barkewar yakin.

Zai yiwu a kafa wuraren nakiyoyi ta yadda mahakar za ta kasance mai haɗari ga U-Boats, wanda aka sanya a zurfin 15 m da ƙasa, yayin da jiragen ruwa za su wuce su lafiya. Sarki kuma zai iya ba da shawarar cewa akalla kashi daya bisa uku na maharan da ake da su ya kamata a wakilta su raka ayarin motocin da ke bakin teku1, domin bayan an tashi daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa, sai an kafa rukunin jiragen ruwa a kalla a sassan da ke da hatsarin gaske (musamman kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa) a gabar tekun. aka ba su da murfin wani makami ko wani rukunin sintiri, da kuma ba da kariya ga ayarin jiragen sama guda daya. Jiragen ruwa na U-kwale-kwale su kai hari a cikin wadannan ruwayoyi daban-daban kuma a nesa mai nisa da juna, don haka irin wannan tsaro ne kawai zai iya rage asara sosai. Abin baƙin ciki shine, lokacin da Jamus ta fara aiki, jiragen ruwa sun tashi zuwa ruwa na bakin teku kawai kuma jiragen U-Boats na iya nutse su ko da a cikin jirgin bayan an kama su. Har ila yau, babu kulawa a gabar tekun Amurka (da kuma a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa da kansu) don gabatar da baƙar fata, wanda daga bisani ya sauƙaƙe wa kwamandojin jiragen ruwa na U-boat kai hare-hare da daddare, saboda jiragen suna iya gani sosai a kan fitilu na bakin teku. Kuma ƴan jirage da ake samu ga Amurkawa (da farko 100) ba su ma sa kayan zurfafan caji ba a wancan lokacin!

Saboda haka, jiragen ruwa guda biyar na nau'in IX (U 123, U 66, U 109, U 130 da U 125) kusan ba su fuskanci juriya ba lokacin da, ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1942, ruwan Kanada daga kudancin Nova Scotia da kuma kusa da tsibirin Cape Breton. , inda ƴan jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na Kanada suka kai farmaki mai muni. Duk da haka, farkon Operation Paukenschlag ya yi nasara sosai ga Jamusawa. Sun nutse da jimillar jiragen ruwa 2 masu karfin 23 150 GRT tare da lalata wasu 510 (2 15 GRT) ba tare da sun yi asarar kansu ba. Dönitz, da sanin yanzu cewa jiragensa ba za a hukunta su ba a cikin wadannan ruwaye na wannan lokacin, ya shirya sababbin "taguwar ruwa", watau sababbin ƙungiyoyin jiragen ruwa na U-boats, suna ci gaba da ayyuka masu tasiri (lokacin da ƙungiya ɗaya ta koma sansanonin Faransa bayan gudu). daga man fetur da torpedoes, akwai maye gurbinsu). A cikin rana, jiragen ruwa na U-kwale-kwalen sun gangara zuwa zurfin 192 zuwa 45 m kuma a can suna kwance a kan tekun mai nisan mil daga hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki, suna dawowa da dare, suna ci gaba da kai hare-hare. Ƙoƙarin magance jiragen ruwa na Amurka a farkon kwata na 135 bai yi tasiri sosai ba. Sun yi ta sintiri a wuraren da aka keɓe a bakin tekun su kaɗai ta yadda kwamandojin jiragen ruwa na U-kwale-kwale suka kafa agogon hannunsu a cewarsu kuma cikin sauƙi za su iya guje wa faɗa da su, ko kuma su kai farmaki kan jirgin da ke gabatowa da kansu. Wannan shi ne yadda mai hallaka USS Jacob Jones ya nutse, a ranar 1942 ga Fabrairu, 28 ta jirgin ruwa na Jamus U 1942.

A cikin kwata na farko na 1942, jiragen ruwa na U-Boats sun nutsar da raka'a 203 tare da karfin 1 GRT a duk ruwaye, kuma Jamusawa sun rasa jiragen ruwa 133. Biyu daga cikinsu (U 777 da U 12) sun nutse da jiragen sama tare da ma'aikatan Amurka a cikin Maris. A gefe guda kuma, jirgin ruwa na USS Roper mai rugujewa ya nutsar da jirgin U-656 na farko a kusa da North Carolina a ranar 503 ga Afrilu, 85. Turawan Ingila, da farko sun tsorata da rashin basirar Amurkawa wajen kare gabarsu ta Gabas, daga karshe ta aike su. taimako a cikin Maris 14 a cikin nau'i na 1942 corvettes da 1942 trawlers, ko da yake suna bukatar wadannan jiragen ruwa da kansu. Daga karshe an shawo kan Admiral King ya kaddamar da ayari tsakanin New York da Halifax da kuma tsakanin Key West da Norfolk. Tasirin ya zo da sauri. Nitsewar jiragen ruwa sun ragu daga 10 ga Afrilu zuwa 24 a watan Mayu da sifili a cikin Yuli. Jiragen ruwan U-kwale-kwalen sun koma bakin tekun Tekun Mexico da gabar Kudancin Amurka da yankin Caribbean, suna kiranta da sabuwar “U-boat paradise” saboda har yanzu suna samun nasara sosai a can. A cikin kwata na biyu na 24, jiragen ruwa na Jamus sun nutse raka'a 5 tare da karfin 1942 GRT a duk yankuna na Tekun Atlantika da kusa da teku. Jiragen ruwa guda 328 ne suka nutse a cikin fada, ciki har da biyu a cikin ruwan Amurka.

A cikin rabin na biyu na 1942, U-kwale-kwale harin a kan Amurka gabas Coast ya ci gaba, da kuma Jamus sun sami damar tsawaita ayyukansu na teku a wannan lokacin, yayin da suka sami damar mai, torpedoes da abinci daga submarine irin XIV. da aka sani da "Shanu Madarar". To sai dai kuma sannu a hankali an karfafa tsaron da Amurkawa ke yi a gabar tekun nasu, musamman ma karfin sojojin sama da kuma asarar da Jamusawa ke yi a sannu a hankali ya fara karuwa, kamar yadda ayyukan da ake yi a tekun Atlantika suka yi, musamman a yakin da suke yi na kai tsaye.