Jirgin Jet Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet part 1

Ni 163 B-1a, W.Nr. 191095; Gidan tarihin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a Wright-Patterson AFB kusa da Dayton, Ohio.

Me 163 shi ne mayaƙin yaƙi na farko da ke amfani da makami mai linzami a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Hare-haren bama-bamai da injiniyoyi hudu na Amurkawa na yau da kullun suka yi sun lalata cibiyoyin masana'antu na Jamus a farkon tsakiyar shekara ta 1943, da kuma wani bangare na hare-haren ta'addanci, sun ruguza biranen Reich, tare da kashe dubun-dubatar fararen hula, wanda zai karye. tarbiyyar al'umma. Amfanin kayan aikin jirgin sama na Amurka ya yi yawa har umurnin Luftwaffe ya ga dama kawai don shawo kan rikicin da kuma dakatar da hare-haren iska ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin tsaro da ba na al'ada ba. An bambanta adadi da inganci. Don haka ra'ayoyin canza rukunin mayaƙan zuwa jiragen jet da makamai masu linzami, waɗanda, godiya ga mafi girman aikin, sun dawo da ikon sarrafa iska na Luftwaffe a kan yankinsu na gida.

Asalin mayaƙin Me 163 ya koma 20s. Wani matashi mai ginin gine-gine, Aleksander Martin Lippisch, wanda aka haifa a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1898 a München (Munich), a 1925 ya dauki nauyin gudanarwa na fasaha na Rhön-Rositten-Gesellschaft (RRG, Rhön-Rositten Society) da ke Wasserkuppe kuma ya fara aiki a kan ci gaba. na masu tsalle-tsalle marasa wutsiya .

Na farko AM Lippisch gliders an gina daga Storch jerin (stork), Storch I daga 1927, a lokacin gwaje-gwaje, a 1929, da DKW engine da ikon 8 HP samu . Wani glider, Storch II ya kasance bambance-bambancen sikelin Storch I, yayin da Storch III ya kasance mai kujeru biyu, wanda aka tashi a cikin 125, Storch IV sigar motar da ta gabace ta ne, kuma Storch V ya kasance ingantaccen bambance-bambancen. mai kujera daya wanda ya fara tashi a 125.

A halin yanzu, a cikin rabin na biyu na shekarun 20, sha'awar tuƙin roka ya karu a Jamus. Ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na sabon tushen wutar lantarki shine sanannen masana'antar kera motoci Fritz von Opel, wanda ya fara tallafawa Verein für Raumschifffahrt (VfR, Society for Spacecraft Travel). Shugaban VfR shine Max Valier, kuma wanda ya kafa al'umma shine Hermann Oberth. Da farko, mambobin al'umma sun yi imanin cewa man fetur zai kasance mafi dacewa don motsa injunan roka, ba kamar sauran masu bincike da yawa waɗanda suka fi son ingantaccen mai don amfani da shi ba. A halin yanzu, Max Valier ya yanke shawarar cewa, don dalilai na farfaganda, ya kamata mutum ya shiga cikin kera jirgin sama, mota, ko wasu hanyoyin sufuri da injin roka mai ƙarfi zai yi amfani da shi.

Nasarar halarta a karon na Delta 1 jirgin ya faru a lokacin rani na 1931.

Max Valier da Alexander Sander, wani kwararre daga Warnemünde, sun kera rokoki iri biyu na gunpowder, na farko tare da ƙonawa da sauri don ba da babban gudu na farko da ya dace don tashi, na biyu kuma tare da jinkirin kona isasshiyar tuƙi na jirgin sama mai tsayi.

Tun da, bisa ga yawancin ƙwararru, mafi kyawun filin jirgin sama wanda zai iya karɓar roka ba shi da wutsiya, a cikin Mayu 1928 Max Valier da Fritz von Opel sun sadu da Alexander Lippisch a asirce a kan Wasserkuppe don tattauna yiwuwar gwajin cikin jirgin na sabon juyin juya hali. Tushen wutar lantarki. Lippisch ya ba da shawarar shigar da injunan roka a cikin glider ɗinsa mara wutsiya na Ente (duck), wanda yake haɓakawa lokaci guda tare da Storch glider.

A ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1928, Fritz Stamer ya yi jirgi na farko a iko na Ente glider sanye take da rokoki na Sander guda biyu na kilogiram 20 kowanne. Glider ya tashi ne da katafault sanye da igiyoyin roba. Jirgin na farko ya dauki tsawon dakika 35 kacal. A cikin jirgi na biyu, bayan harba rokoki, Stamer ya yi juyi 180 ° kuma ya rufe nisan mita 1200 a cikin dakika 70 kuma ya sauka lafiya a wurin tashin. A cikin jirgi na uku, daya daga cikin rokokin ya fashe kuma bangaren baya na jirgin ya kama wuta, lamarin da ya kawo karshen gwajin.

A halin da ake ciki, matukin jirgin na Jamus, mai nasara na Atlantic, Hermann Köhl, ya nuna sha'awar zane-zane na Lippisch kuma ya ba da umarnin glider na Delta I tare da biyan kuɗi na RM 4200 a matsayin kudin da ya saya. Delta I tana da injin Bristol Cherub 30 HP na Burtaniya kuma ya kai gudun kilomita 145 / h. Motar glider ɗin ya kasance wutsiya mara nauyi mai fukafukai a cikin tsarin delta mai tsarin katako mai ɗaki mai mutum biyu da farfasa turawa. Jirginsa na farko na glider ya faru a lokacin rani na 1930, kuma jirgin motarsa ​​a watan Mayu 1931. Sigar ci gaban Delta II ya kasance a kan allunan zane, injin HP 20 ne za a yi amfani da shi. A cikin 1932, an gina Delta III a masana'antar Fieseler, wanda aka gina a cikin kwafi ƙarƙashin sunan Fieseler F 3 Wespe (wasp). Jirgin yana da wuyar tashi kuma ya fado a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 1932 a lokacin daya daga cikin jiragen gwaji. An kashe matukin jirgin, Günter Groenhoff a nan take.

A lokacin 1933/34, an koma hedkwatar RRG zuwa Darmstadt-Griesheim, inda kamfanin ya zama wani ɓangare na Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS), watau Cibiyar Nazarin Jamus don Shaft Flight. Tuni a cikin DFS, an ƙirƙiro wani jirgin sama, wanda aka naɗa Delta IV a, sannan aka gyara Delta IV b bambancen. Bambancin ƙarshe shine Delta IV c mai injin tauraro mai nauyin 75 hp Pobjoy tare da injin jan hankali. Dipl.-Ing. Frithjof Ursinus, Josef Hubert da Fritz Krämer. A cikin 1936, na'urar ta sami takardar shaidar izinin jirgin sama kuma an yi mata rajista a matsayin jirgin saman wasanni mai kujeru biyu.