Su-30MKI

Su-30MKI a halin yanzu shine mafi girma kuma babban nau'in jirgin sama na yaƙi na Sojojin saman Indiya. Indiyawan sun saya daga Rasha kuma sun ba da lasisin jimillar Su-272MKI 30.

A watan Satumba za a cika shekaru 18 tun bayan da rundunar sojojin saman Indiya ta karbi mayakan Su-30MKI na farko. A wannan lokacin, Su-30MKI ya zama mafi yadu kuma babban nau'in jiragen yakin Indiya, kuma, duk da sayan sauran mayakan (LCA Tejas, Dassault Rafale), zai ci gaba da riƙe wannan matsayi na akalla shekaru goma. Shirin saye da samar da lasisi na Su-30MKI ya ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar soja da masana'antu na Indiya tare da Rasha kuma ya amfana duka masana'antun jiragen sama na Indiya da Rasha.

A cikin tsakiyar 80s, a cikin Ofishin Zane. P. O. Sukhoya (Experimental Design Bureau [OKB] P. O. Sukhoi) ya fara zayyana nau'in yaƙin kujeru biyu na mayaƙin Soviet Su-27 na lokacin, wanda aka yi niyya don jirgin sama na National Air Defence Forces (Air Defence). Ya kamata ma'aikacin na biyu ya yi aikin navigator da ma'aikacin tsarin makamai, kuma idan ya cancanta (misali, a cikin dogon jirage) yana iya tuka jirgin, ta haka ne ya maye gurbin matukin jirgin na farko. Tun da cibiyar sadarwa na wuraren jagora na tushen fada a cikin yankunan arewacin Tarayyar Soviet ya kasance da wuya sosai, ban da babban aikin mai shiga tsakani na dogon lokaci, sabon jirgin kuma ya zama mai kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama (PU) aya ga mayakan Su-27 masu saukowa guda daya. Don yin wannan, dole ne a sanye shi da hanyar musayar bayanan dabara, ta hanyar da za a watsa bayanai game da abubuwan da aka gano iska a lokaci guda zuwa mayakan Su-27 har guda huɗu (saboda haka ƙirar masana'anta na sabon jirgin sama 10-4PU).

Su-30K (SB010) daga No. 24 Squadron Hawks yayin motsa jiki na Cope India a 2004. A cikin 1996 da 1998, Indiyawa sun sayi Su-18Ks 30. An cire jirgin daga aiki a cikin 2006 kuma an maye gurbinsa a shekara ta 16 Su-30MKIs.

Tushen sabon mayaƙin, wanda aka fara ba shi izini a matsayin Su-27PU, sannan kuma Su-30 (T-10PU; lambar NATO: Flanker-C), shine sigar mai horar da yaƙin kujeru biyu na Su-27UB. An gina samfura biyu (masu zanga-zangar) na Su-27PU a cikin 1987-1988. a Irkutsk Aviation Plant (IAZ) ta hanyar gyara na biyar da shida Su-27UB prototypes (T-10U-5 da T-10U-6). ; bayan gyare-gyare na T-10PU-5 da T-10PU-6; Lambobin gefe 05 da 06). Na farko ya tashi a karshen 1988, da na biyu - a farkon 1989. Idan aka kwatanta da serial guda-seat Su-27 jirgin sama, don ƙara da jirgin kewayon, an sanye take da wani retractable retractable gado (a gefen hagu). na gaban fuselage), sabon tsarin kewayawa, tsarin musayar bayanai da haɓaka jagora da tsarin sarrafa makami. H001 Sword radar da injunan Saturn AL-31F (mafi girman matsawa 76,2 kN ba tare da bayan wuta ba da 122,6 kN tare da afterburner) sun kasance iri ɗaya kamar na Su-27.

Daga bisani, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Jirgin Sama na Irkutsk (Irkutsk Aviation Production Association, IAPO; an sanya sunan IAP a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1989) ya gina Su-30s na farko (lambobin wutsiya 596 da 597). Na farko daga cikinsu ya fara ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1992. Dukkansu sun tafi Cibiyar Binciken Jirgin Sama. M. M. Gromova (Cibiyar Nazarin Lotno-Research mai suna M. M. Gromova, LII) a Zhukovsky kusa da Moscow kuma a watan Agusta an fara gabatar da shi ga jama'a a nunin Mosaeroshow-92. A cikin 1993-1996, IAPO ta samar da Su-30s guda shida (lambobin wutsiya 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 da 56). Biyar daga cikinsu (sai dai kwafin No. 56) an haɗa su a cikin kayan aiki na 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (54. Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, GIAP) daga 148th Center for Combat Use and Training of Flight Personnel (148. Cibiyar Yaki) Amfani da Horar da Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin C) CBP da PLS) Jirgin Tsaron iska a Savasleyk.

Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, Tarayyar Rasha ta kara bude kofa ga kasashen duniya da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, ciki har da fannin kera makamai. Sakamakon raguwar kashe kudade na tsaro, jirgin saman Rasha a wancan lokacin bai yi odar ƙarin Su-30s ba. Don haka, an amince da siyar da jirgin a ƙasashen waje. Motoci No. 56 da 596, bi da bi, a watan Maris da Satumba 1993, aka sanya a zubar da Sukhodzha Design Bureau. Bayan gyare-gyare, sun yi aiki a matsayin masu zanga-zangar don fitar da samfurin Su-30K (Kommercheky; T-10PK), wanda ya bambanta da Su-30 na Rasha, musamman a cikin kayan aiki da makamai. Na ƙarshe, tare da sabon lambar wutsiya 603, an riga an gabatar da shi a cikin 1994 a raye-raye da nunin iska na FIDAE a Santiago de Chile, ILA a Berlin da Farnborough International Air Show. Bayan shekaru biyu ya sake bayyana a Berlin da Farnborough, da kuma a 1998 a Chile. Kamar yadda aka zata, Su-30K ya jawo sha'awa mai yawa daga masu sa ido na kasashen waje, manazarta da masu amfani.

Kwangilolin Indiya

Ƙasar farko da ta nuna sha'awar siyan Su-30K ita ce Indiya. Da farko, Indiyawan sun shirya siyan kwafi 20 a Rasha da kuma samar da lasisin kwafin 60 a Indiya. Tattaunawar tsakanin gwamnatocin Rasha da Indiya ta fara ne a watan Afrilun 1994 a lokacin ziyarar tawagar Rasha zuwa Delhi kuma ta ci gaba sama da shekaru biyu. A lokacin su, an yanke shawarar cewa waɗannan za su kasance jiragen sama a cikin ingantacciyar sigar Su-30MK (kasuwa ta zamani; T-10PMK). A watan Yulin 1995, majalisar dokokin Indiya ta amince da shirin gwamnati na siyan jiragen Rasha. A ƙarshe, a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1996, a Irkutsk, wakilan Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Indiya da jihar Rasha da ke riƙe da Rosvooruzhenie (daga baya Rosoboronexport) sun sanya hannu kan kwangilar No. RW / 535611031077 da darajar dala biliyan 1,462 don samarwa da samar da jiragen sama 40, gami da takwas. Su-30K da 32 Su-30MK.

Idan Su-30K ya bambanta da Su-30 na Rasha kawai a cikin wasu abubuwa na avionics kuma Indiyawa sun fassara su azaman motocin wucin gadi, to Su-30MK - a cikin nau'insa na ƙarshe an sanya shi azaman Su-30MKI (Indiya; NATO) lambar: Flanker -H) - suna da gyare-gyaren jirgin sama, tashar wutar lantarki da kuma jiragen ruwa, makamai masu yawa. Waɗannan jiragen yaƙi ne na ƙarni na 4+ cikakke waɗanda ke da ikon aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa na iska zuwa iska, iska zuwa ƙasa da iska zuwa ruwa.

A karkashin kwangilar, Su-30Ks guda takwas, waɗanda aka sanya su a matsayin Su-30MK-I (a cikin wannan yanayin, lambar Roman ce 1, ba harafin I ba), za a kawo su a cikin Afrilu-Mayu 1997 kuma ana amfani da su musamman don horar da ma'aikatan. da sabis na fasaha na ma'aikata. A shekara mai zuwa, za a kai kashin farko na Su-30MKs guda takwas (Su-30MK-IIs), wanda har yanzu bai cika ba amma sanye da na'urorin jiragen sama na Faransa da Isra'ila. A cikin 1999, za a ba da rukuni na biyu na 12 Su-30MKs (Su-30MK-III), tare da fasalin jirgin sama tare da sashin wutsiya na gaba. Za a ba da rukuni na uku na 12 Su-30MKs (Su-30MK-IVs) a cikin 2000. Baya ga fins, waɗannan jiragen sun kasance suna da injunan AL-31FP tare da nozzles masu motsi, watau don wakiltar ƙimar MKI na ƙarshe. A nan gaba, an shirya haɓaka jirgin Su-30MK-II da na III zuwa matsayin IV (MKI).