Gina motoci don makarantun tuƙi

Babban sassan injin mai bugun bugun jini

• Kafaffen sassa: Silinda shugaban, Silinda block, crankcase, cylinders, man kwanon rufi.

• Motsi sassa: 1. crank inji: crankshaft, haɗa sanda, piston, piston zobba, piston fil, seger fuses. Tsarin lokaci na 2: camshaft, turawa, mai tushe bawul, makamai masu ruɗi, bawuloli, maɓuɓɓugan dawowa.

Hudu-bugun jini tabbatacce ƙonewa inji aiki

• Lokaci na farko: tsotsa: piston yana motsawa daga tsakiyar matattu (DHW) zuwa cibiyar matattu (DHW), bawul ɗin ci na ɗakin konewa shine cakuda mai da iska.

• Lokaci na 2: matsawa: piston ya dawo daga DHW zuwa DHW kuma an matsa cakuda tsotsa. An rufe bawuloli masu shiga da fitarwa.

• Lokaci na 3: fashewa: cakuda da aka matsa yana ƙonewa ta hanyar wutar lantarki mai girma daga tartsatsin tartsatsi, fashewa yana faruwa kuma a lokaci guda, ana haifar da wutar lantarki, lokacin da aka tura piston da karfi daga DH zuwa DHW, crankshaft. yana juyawa ƙarƙashin matsin lamba a cikin silinda.

• Lokaci na 4: shayewa: piston ya dawo daga DH zuwa DH, buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen, ana tilasta kayan konewa cikin iska ta hanyar bututun mai.

Bambanci tsakanin injin bugun bugun jini hudu da bugun bugun jini biyu

• injin bugun bugun jini hudu: ana yin bugu hudu na piston, ana yin duk sa'o'i na aiki akan piston, crankshaft yana yin juyi biyu, yana da injin bawul, lubrication shine matsa lamba.

• Injin bugun jini guda biyu: ana yin aikin sa'o'i biyu a lokaci guda, na farko tsotsa da matsawa, na biyu kuma fashewa da shaye-shaye, ana yin sa'o'in aiki sama da ƙasa da fistan, crankshaft ɗin ya cika juyi ɗaya, yana da tashar rarrabawa, lubrication shine cakuda mai, mai da iska.

Rarraba OHV

camshaft yana cikin toshe injin. Ana sarrafa bawul ɗin (mashigi da fitarwa) ta masu ɗagawa, mai tushe da makamai masu ruɗi. Ana rufe bawuloli ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan dawowa. Motar camshaft hanyar haɗin sarkar ce. Ga kowane nau'in lokaci na bawul, crankshaft yana juyawa sau 2 kuma camshaft yana juyawa sau 1.

Rarraba OHC

A tsari, ya fi sauƙi. Camshaft ɗin yana cikin kan Silinda kuma kyamarorinsa suna sarrafa makamai masu linzami kai tsaye. Ba kamar rarraba OHV ba, babu masu ɗagawa da mai tushe bawul. Ana yin tuƙi daga crankshaft ta hanyar sarkar hanyar haɗi ko bel mai haƙori.

Saki 2 OHC

Yana da camshafts guda biyu waɗanda ke cikin kan silinda, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana sarrafa abubuwan sha da sauran bawul ɗin shayewa. Kayan tuƙi iri ɗaya ne da na rarraba OHC.

Nau'in axle

gaba, baya, tsakiya (idan an zartar), kore, kore (watsa wutar lantarki), tuƙi, mara sarrafawa.

Kunna baturi

Manufar: don kunna cakuda da aka matsa a daidai lokacin.

Babban sassa: baturi, akwatin junction, induction coil, mai rarrabawa, na'ura mai rarrabawa, capacitor, igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki, walƙiya.

Aiki: bayan kunna maɓalli a cikin akwatin junction kuma cire haɗin wutar lantarki (12V) a maɓalli, ana amfani da wannan ƙarfin lantarki zuwa iskar farko na coil induction. Ana haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki (har zuwa 20 V) akan juzu'i na biyu, wanda aka rarraba tsakanin matosai guda ɗaya a cikin tsari na 000-1-3-4 ta hannun mai rarrabawa a cikin mai rarraba tare da manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi. Capacitor yana aiki don hana ƙona lambobi kuma yana kawar da wuce haddi makamashi.

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Ita ce tushen wutar lantarki akai-akai a cikin motar ku.

Babban sassan: marufi, tabbatacce (+) da sel mara kyau (-), faranti gubar, sarari, madaidaicin baturi mai kyau da mara kyau. Kwayoyin suna nutsewa a cikin injin lantarki a cikin jaka (cakuda sulfuric acid tare da ruwa mai narkewa zuwa yawa na 28 zuwa 32 Be).

Kulawa: yin sama tare da ruwa mai tsafta, tsabta da kuma ƙarfafa hulɗa mai kyau da mara kyau.

Induction coil

Ana amfani da shi don jawo (canza) wutar lantarki 12 V zuwa babban ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 20 V. Ya ƙunshi akwati, iska mai ƙarfi na farko da na sakandare, ƙarfe na ƙarfe da kuma fili na potting.

Da yawa

Ana amfani da shi don rarraba wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ga ɗaiɗaikun tartsatsin tartsatsi a daidai lokacin da injin ke gudana akai-akai kuma cikin kwanciyar hankali. Ana sarrafa mai rarraba ta hanyar camshaft. Rarraba shaft yana ƙare da cams waɗanda ke sarrafa lever mai motsi (lamba) na canji, wanda aka katse wutar lantarki 12 V, kuma a lokacin katsewar ana haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki a cikin na'urar induction, wanda ake ɗauka ta hanyar kebul zuwa. mai rabawa. Anan ana rarraba wutar lantarki zuwa kyandirori. Wani ɓangare na mai rarrabawa shine capacitor, wanda ke yin aiki don hana kona lambobin sadarwa. Ɗayan ɓangaren shine mai sarrafa vacuum centrifugal regulator. Dangane da matsatsin tsotsa a cikin nau'in abin sha da saurin injin, suna daidaita lokacin kunna wuta lokacin da injin ya karu.

Kayan lantarki a cikin mota

fara (mafi girman kayan aiki), fitilolin mota, fitilun faɗakarwa da faɗakarwa, ƙaho, gogewar iska, fitilar ɗauka, rediyo, da sauransu.

Farawa

Manufar: don fara injin.

Cikakkun bayanai: stator, na'ura mai juyi, iskar gas, mai motsi, na'urar lantarki, gear, cokali mai yatsa.

Ka'idar aiki: lokacin da ake amfani da ƙarfin lantarki a kan murɗawar coil, an jawo jigon electromagnet a cikin murfin. Ana saka pinion a cikin zoben haƙori na tashi sama ta amfani da yoke na pinion. Wannan yana rufe lambar sadarwa na rotor, wanda ke jujjuya mai farawa.

Mai Ganawa

Manufa: tushen makamashin lantarki a cikin abin hawa. Muddin injin yana aiki, yana ba da kuzari ga duk na'urorin lantarki da ake amfani da su kuma yana cajin baturi a lokaci guda. An kori daga crankshaft ta amfani da bel ɗin V. Yana samar da alternating current, wanda aka gyara zuwa akai-akai ta hanyar diodes masu gyara.

Sassan: stator tare da iska, rotor tare da iska, diodes masu gyara, baturi, mai kama carbon, fan.

dynamo

Yi amfani azaman mai canzawa. Bambanci shine cewa yana ba da isasshen ƙarfi, yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi.

Hasken lantarki

Manufar: don kunna abin da aka tsotsa da kuma matsawa.

Sassan: tabbatacce kuma korau electrode, yumbu insulator, zaren.

Misalin ƙira: N 14-7 - N zaren al'ada, diamita 14 zaren, matosai masu haske 7.

Nau'in sanyaya

Manufar: cire zafi mai yawa daga injin da tabbatar da zafin zafin aikin ta.

• ruwa: yana aiki don cire zafi, wanda aka ƙirƙira saboda juzu'in ɓarnawar sassan injin da cire zafi yayin lokacin zafi (fashewa). Don wannan, ana amfani da ruwa mai tsabta, kuma a cikin hunturu - antifreeze. Ana shirya shi ta hanyar haxa ruwa mai narkewa tare da mai sanyaya daskarewa (Fridex, Alycol, Nemrazol). Matsakaicin abubuwan da aka gyara ya dogara da wurin daskarewa da ake so (misali -25°C).

• iska: 1. daftarin aiki, 2. tilastawa: a) vacuum, b) wuce gona da iri.

Sassan tsarin sanyaya: radiator, famfo na ruwa. jaket na ruwa, thermostat, zafin jiki firikwensin, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, hoses da bututu, ramin magudanar ruwa.

Aiki: bayan kunna injin, famfo na ruwa (wanda ke gudana ta hanyar crankshaft ta V-belt) yana aiki, wanda aikin shine kewaya ruwan. Wannan ruwan yana zagayawa lokacin da injin yayi sanyi kawai a cikin keɓancewar injin da kuma kan Silinda. Lokacin zafi zuwa kusan 80 ° C, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yana buɗe kwararar ruwa ta hanyar bawul zuwa mai sanyaya, daga inda famfo ruwa ke fitar da ruwan da aka sanyaya. Wannan yana fitar da ruwan zafi daga toshewar silinda zuwa cikin radiyo. An ƙera ma'aunin zafi da sanyio don kula da yawan zafin jiki na mai sanyaya (80-90°C).

Girgiza kai

Manufa: man shafawa sassa masu motsi da saman gogayya, sanyi, hatimi, wanke datti da kare sassan motsi daga lalata.

• Lubrication na matsin lamba: man inji yayi. Rukunin mai yana ƙunshe da famfon gear wanda ke jawo mai ta cikin kwandon tsotsa kuma yana matsawa da sassa masu motsi (nau'in lokacin crank) ta hanyoyin mai. Bayan famfon na gear akwai bawul ɗin taimako wanda ke ba da kariya ga kayan shafawa daga babban matsi mai kauri, mai sanyi. Ana tilasta mai ta hanyar tsabtace mai (tace) wanda ke kama datti. Wani daki-daki shine firikwensin matsa lamba mai tare da ƙararrawa a kan sashin kayan aiki. Ana mayar da man da ake amfani da shi don shafawa a kaskon mai. Man fetur a hankali yana rasa kaddarorinsa na lubricating, don haka dole ne a canza shi bayan tafiyar kilomita 15 zuwa 30 (wanda masana'anta suka rubuta). Ana yin maye gurbin bayan tuƙi, yayin da injin ɗin ke da dumi. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar maye gurbin mai tsabtace mai.

• Man shafawa: Ana amfani dashi a cikin injin bugun bugun jini. Dole ne mu ƙara zuwa man injin mai wanda aka ƙera don injunan mai bugu biyu, a cikin rabon da masana'anta suka nuna (misali, 1:33, 1:45, 1:50).

• Fesa mai: Ana fesa mai akan sassa masu motsi.

Tsarin tukin mota

Cikakkun bayanai: injin, kama, akwatin gear, shaft propeller, gearbox, bambanci, axles, ƙafafun. Ana watsa wutar lantarki ta sassan da aka ambata kuma ana motsa motar. Idan an haɗa injin, kama, watsawa da bambanci tare, babu ramin PTO.

Haɗuwa

Manufar: ana amfani da ita don canza wutar injin daga injin zuwa akwatin gear da don rufewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kazalika don farawa mai taushi.

Cikakkun bayanai: feda mai kama, silinda mai kama, lefa guda ɗaya, ɗaukar fitarwa, levers na saki, maɓuɓɓugan matsawa, farantin matsa lamba tare da rufi, garkuwar kama. Farantin matsi na kama yana cikin jirgin sama, wanda aka haɗa da ƙarfi zuwa crankshaft. Rage kuma shigar da kama tare da fedar kama.

Cutar kamuwa da cuta

Manufa: yana hidima don ingantaccen amfani da ƙarfin injin. Ta hanyar canza kayan aiki, abin hawa na iya motsawa da gudu daban-daban akan saurin injuna akai-akai, yana cin galaba a kan muguwar ƙasa lokacin tuƙi, motsi gaba, baya da zaman banza.

Cikakkun bayanai: akwatin gear, tuƙi, tuƙi da tsaka-tsaki, gears, kayan juyawa, cokali mai yatsa, lever mai sarrafawa, cika mai mai watsawa.

Gearbox

Manufa: don rarraba ikon motar zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi na tuƙi.

Cikakkun bayanai: akwatin gear, gear, dabaran diski.

Refueling: watsa man fetur.

Bambanci

Manufa: Ana amfani da shi don raba saurin ƙafafu na hagu da dama lokacin yin kusurwa. Koyaushe yana kan tulin tuƙi ne kawai.

Nau'o'i: Tapered (Motocin fasinja), gaba (wasu manyan motoci)

Sassan: gidaje na banbanta = keji daban, tauraron dan adam da kayan duniya.

Tsarin man fetur na injin mai

Manufar: don samar da mai ga carburetor.

Cikakkun bayanai: tanki, mai tsabtace mai, bututun mai mai ɗaukar hoto, carburetor.

Ana sarrafa fam ɗin mai ta hanyar camshaft. Matsar da famfo daga sama zuwa kasa, man fetur yana tsotse daga tanki kuma, motsa shi sama, yana tura mai a cikin ɗakin ruwa na carburetor. Tankin mai yana sanye da wani tudun ruwa wanda ke gano matakin man da ke cikin tankin.

• Jirgin da aka tilasta (saukar da tanki, carburetor sama).

• By nauyi (tanki sama, carburetor saukar da babur).

Carburetor

Manufa: ana amfani da shi don shirya cakuda man gas a cikin rabo na 1:16 (man fetur 1, iska 16).

Cikakkun bayanai: dakin iyo, iyo, allura mai iyo, dakin hadawa, diffuser, babban bututun ƙarfe, bututun ƙarfe mara aiki, bam mai ƙara kuzari ****, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa, maƙura.

Sytic

Wannan wani bangare ne na carburetor. Ana amfani dashi don wadatar da cakuda lokacin fara injin a cikin yanayin sanyi. Ana sarrafa ma'aunin ta hanyar lefa ko kuma ta atomatik idan an sanye shi da ruwa mai bimetallic, wanda ke buɗewa ta atomatik bayan sanyaya.

Hanzarin famfo ****

Wannan wani bangare ne na carburetor. Accelerator Bom **** an haɗa shi da fedar ƙarar. Ana amfani da shi don wadatar da cakuda nan da nan lokacin da feda na totur ya raunana.

Gudanar da mulki

Manufar: matsar da motar zuwa hanya madaidaiciya.

Sassan: tuƙi, tutiya ginshiƙi, tuƙi kaya, babban sitiya hannu, tutiya sanda, ikon tuƙi lever, ball gidajen abinci.

• tsefe
• dunƙule
• dunƙule

jirage

Manufar: don rage gudu da kuma dakatar da motar a amince, don kare ta daga motsin kai.

Da alƙawari:

• ma'aikaci (yana shafar duk ƙafafun)
• filin ajiye motoci (kawai akan ƙafafun axle na baya)
• gaggawa (ana amfani da birki)
• ƙasa (Motoci kawai)

A kan iko akan ƙafafun:

• jaw (gudu)
• faifai

Birki na lantarki

An yi amfani da shi azaman birki na sabis, birki ne na ƙafa biyu.

Cikakkun bayanai: fedar birki, babban silinda, tafki mai ruwa birki, bututun mai, birki na silinda, fakitin birki mai rufi, ganga birki (don ƙafafun baya), diski birki (na ƙafafun gaba), garkuwar birki.

Birki na injina

Ana amfani da shi azaman birki na filin ajiye motoci, ana sarrafa shi da hannu, yana aiki akan ƙafafun axle na baya, yana aiki azaman birki na gaggawa.

Cikakkun bayanai: lever na hannu, sandar aminci, motocin kebul tare da igiyoyin karfe, tayar da takalmin birki.

Tsabtace iska

Manufa: Ana amfani da shi don tsaftace iska mai shiga cikin carburetor.

• Dry: takarda, ji.

• Rigar ruwa: kunshin yana ƙunshe da mai da ke kama datti, kuma tsabtataccen iska yana shiga cikin carburetor. Dole ne a tsabtace dattin tsaftacewa kuma a maye gurbinsu daga baya.

Dakatarwa

Manufa: yana ba da hulɗar kullun tare da hanya kuma yana canza rashin daidaituwa na hanya zuwa jiki.

• Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.
• Springs.
• Torsions.

Shock absorbers

Manufa: don damfara tasirin bazara, don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na motar lokacin yin kusurwa.

• Telescopic.
• Lever (aikin guda ɗaya ko sau biyu).

Tsayawa

Manufa: don hana lalacewa ga dakatarwa da masu ɗaukar girgiza. An yi su da roba.