Soviet-Finnish War

Ɗaya daga cikin 30 Sturmgeschütz 40 (StG III Ausf. G) da aka kawo zuwa Finland a watan Yuli-Satumba 1943. Wannan daya ne daga cikin motoci goma da Altmärkische Kettenwerk GmbH (Alkett) ke ƙera daga Berlin; Sauran goma sha tara MIAG daga Braunschweig ne suka gina da kuma MAN daga Nuremberg daya. Motar da aka nuna a hoton ta lalata akwatin wuta na T-19 da kuma bindigu kirar ISU-34 guda daya kafin a lalata su a watan Yulin 152. Dukkanin motocin, tare da wasu da aka kawo a cikin 1944 a cikin 29, sun yi aiki a cikin Finnish Panzer Division (Panssaridivisiona), a cikin wata motar sulke brigade (Panssariprikaati), a cikin squadron na hari bindigogi (Rynnäkkötykkipataljoona).

Finland ta so ta guje wa yaƙi, amma a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1941 ta sami kanta a cikin tsaka mai wuya. Makiya sun kewaye kowane bangare: daga gabas da kudu - ta Tarayyar Soviet, daga yamma - da Jamusawa da suka mamaye Norway, da yammacin gabar tekun Baltic - daga Denmark ta mamaye yankinta har zuwa gabar ruwan Poland da ta mamaye. . Wannan muguwar da'irar kuma ta haɗa da Sweden, wacce dole ne ta baiwa Jamus albarkatun ƙasa, in ba haka ba ...

Sweden ta ci gaba da kasancewa tsaka tsaki, amma Finland ba ta yi hakan ba. Da Tarayyar Soviet ta kama, ta yi yaƙi da iyaka - iyakance ga yankin da aka rasa a yakin hunturu na 1939-1940. Finland a 1941 yana da manufa ɗaya kawai: don tsira. Hukumomin kasar sun san cewa ko da hakan zai yi matukar wahala a halin da Finland ta tsinci kanta a ciki. Bugu da kari, a tsakanin 15 da 21 ga Yuni, 1940, Red Army shiga uku na Baltic jihohin, ba da da ewa bayan haka, ya shigar da Lithuania, Latvia da Estonia cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Sai kawai Finland da Sweden sun kasance a cikin akwatunan rajista na Jamus-Soviet, amma Finland kawai yana da iyaka tare da USSR kuma yana da tsayi sosai - fiye da kilomita 1200. Sweden ta kasance cikin ƙasa da haɗari: Tarayyar Soviet na buƙatar kayar da Finland da farko don isa can.

Nan da nan bayan kama jihohin Baltic, matsin lambar Soviet a kan Finland ya sake komawa. Da farko dai an bukaci kasar da ta mika duk wata kadarorin da aka kwashe daga sansanin sojojin ruwa na Hanko da ke bakin gabar tekun Finland, wanda Tarayyar Soviet ta kwace na tsawon shekaru 10 sakamakon yakin hunturu. Finland ta amince da wannan batu. Hakan ya haifar da wani buƙatu - ƙaddamar da tsibiran Åland a ƙofar Gulf of Bothnia, wanda ke tsakanin Finnish Turku da Sweden Stockholm. A gefe guda kuma, Finland ba ta yarda da haɗin gwiwa (ko kuma gaba ɗaya Soviet) yin amfani da ajiyar nickel da nickel shuka a Kolosjoki, wanda yanzu aka sani da ƙauyen Nikel, kusa da bakin tekun Arctic a arewacin bakin tekun Finland. A bukatar USSR a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1941. zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa na Soviet kyauta daga Leningrad (yanzu St. Petersburg) zuwa Hanko, inda wani sansanin sojan ruwa da Rasha ta yi hayar yana daya daga cikin wuraren da ke toshe hanyar shiga Tekun Finland. Soviet jiragen kasa iya sauƙi matsawa a kan Finnish cibiyar sadarwa, tun Finland har yanzu yana da fadi da ma'auni, 1524 mm (a Poland da kuma mafi yawan Turai - 1435 mm).

Irin wannan ayyuka na Tarayyar Soviet babu makawa tura Finland a cikin makamai na uku Reich, tun da ita ce kawai kasar da za ta iya ba da hakikanin soja taimako ga Finland a cikin taron na wani sabon yaki da Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin wannan yanayi, ministan harkokin wajen Finland Rolf Witting ya sanar da jakadan Jamus a Helsinki, Wipert von Blücher cewa, Finland a shirye take ta yin hadin gwiwa da Jamus. Kada mu yi wa Finland hukunci a hankali - ba ta da wani zaɓi. Wata hanya ko wata, ra'ayin jama'ar Finnish sun yi imanin cewa watakila Jamus za ta taimaka wa ƙasarsu ta sake samun yankunan da aka rasa. Jamus, a gefe guda, tana son Finland ta ba da haɗin kai tare da su a asirce, amma kiyaye tsaka-tsaki - a lokacin yakin da Tarayyar Soviet ba a riga an shirya ba, don haka ba sa so su ba da bege na ƙarya. Na biyu, lokacin da aka fara Operation Barbarossa a karshen bazara na shekarar 1940, an shirya fadada iyakokin kasar zuwa gabar tekun White Sea da kuma maido da iyakokin Karelia da kuma yankin tafkin Ladoga da ya wanzu kafin yakin hunturu. An gudanar da nazari kan wannan batu ba tare da tuntubar Finland ba, wanda bai san wadannan tsare-tsaren ba.

A ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1940, Laftanar Kanar Josef Veltjens ya gana da Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Finnish - Marshal Gustav Mannerheim - kuma ya yi magana game da ikon lauya daga Hermann Goering, yana gabatar da Finland tare da shawara: Jamus za ta so jigilar kayayyaki ga sojojin zuwa yankin. Norway ta hanyar Finland da kuma tabbatar da jujjuyawar su a cikin garrison na Norway, kuma a sakamakon haka, za su iya sayar da Finland kayan aikin soja da yake bukata. Ba tare da son kau da kai daga kawai abokin tarayya wanda zai iya ba da goyon baya na gaske ba, Finland ta tafi yarjejeniyar da ta dace. Tabbas, Tarayyar Soviet ta nuna damuwa cikin gaggawa game da wannan sauyin yanayi. A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1940, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Soviet Vyacheslav Molotov ya bukaci ofishin jakadancin Jamus da cikakken bayanin yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu tare da duk abubuwan da aka makala, ciki har da na sirri. Jamusawa sun yi watsi da batun, suna masu cewa yarjejeniya ce kawai ta fasaha da ba ta da wani muhimmanci na siyasa ko na soja. Tabbas, sayar da makamai ga Finland ba shi da matsala.

Wasu suna jayayya cewa wannan yarjejeniya da ƙarin kusanci da Jamus sun tunzura USSR don kai hari kan Finland a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1941. A gaskiya ma, mai yiwuwa, ita ce ta wata hanya. Marshal Mannerheim ya bayyana irin wannan ra'ayi a cikin bayanansa. Ya yi imanin cewa idan ba don kusanci da Jamus ba, to a cikin kaka na 1940 da Tarayyar Soviet ta kai hari a Finland. Ana sa ran Finland za ta zama na gaba bayan Bessarabia na Romania da Bukovina ta Arewa da kuma jihohin Baltic. A cikin sauran 1940, Finland na son wani nau'i na garanti daga Jamus a yayin wani harin Soviet. Don haka, Manjo Janar Paavo Talvela ya yi tafiya zuwa Berlin sau da yawa, inda ya tattauna da jami'an Jamus daban-daban, ciki har da babban hafsan hafsoshin sojojin kasar, Kanar K. Franz Halder.