Tsarin alluran injin dizal - allurar kai tsaye tare da famfo rotary VP 30, 37 da VP 44
Abubuwa
Kullum hauhawar farashin man fetur ya ingiza masana'antun da su kara bunkasa injunan dizal. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 80, sun buga violin na biyu kawai ban da injin mai. Manyan laifuffukan su ne yawan su, hayaniya da rawar jiki, wanda ba a biya su diyya ba ta ma rage yawan amfani da mai. Kamata ya yi a ƙara tsananta yanayin da ake ciki na tsaurara matakan doka don rage fitar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska a cikin iskar gas. Kamar yadda yake a sauran fannoni, wutar lantarki mai ikon yin komai ya ba da taimako ga injunan dizal.
A ƙarshen 80s, amma musamman a cikin 90s, sannu a hankali an gabatar da ikon sarrafa injin dizal (EDC), wanda ya inganta aikin injunan dizal sosai. Babban fa'idodin sun zama mafi kyawun iskar gas ɗin da aka samu ta hanyar matsin lamba mafi girma, kazalika da allurar sarrafa mai ta hanyar lantarki daidai da halin da ake ciki yanzu da kuma buƙatun injin. Da yawa daga cikinmu za su tuna daga ƙwarewar rayuwa ta wace irin '' gaba-gaba '' ta haifar da ƙaddamar da injin almara 1,9 TDi. Kamar wand ɗin sihiri, har zuwa yanzu 1,9 D / TD mai girma ya zama ɗan wasa mai fasaha mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku yadda famfon allurar juyawa ke aiki. Da farko za mu yi bayanin yadda famfunan lobe na jujjuyawa ke sarrafa su ta hanyar inji sannan kuma famfunan sarrafa wutar lantarki. Misali shine famfon allura daga Bosch, wanda ya kasance kuma ya kasance majagaba kuma mafi yawan masana'antun tsarin allura don injin dizal a cikin motocin fasinja.
Ƙungiyar allura tare da famfo mai jujjuyawa tana ba da mai a lokaci guda ga duk silinda na injin. Rarraba man ga daidaikun masu allurar ana yin shi ne da piston mai rabawa. Dangane da motsi na piston, ana raba fam ɗin lobe na juzu'i zuwa axial (tare da piston ɗaya) da radial (tare da piston biyu zuwa huɗu).
Pampo na allurar Rotary tare da piston axial da masu rarrabawa
Don bayanin, zamu yi amfani da sananniyar famfon Bosch VE. Pampo yana kunshe da famfon abinci, babban matsin lamba, mai sarrafa sauri da allurar allura. Pampo na abinci yana isar da mai zuwa sararin tsotse na famfo, daga inda mai ke shiga cikin babban matsin lamba, inda ake matsa shi zuwa matsin da ake buƙata. Piston mai rarrabawa yana yin motsi da jujjuyawa a lokaci guda. Motsi mai jujjuyawa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kyamarar axial da ke da alaƙa da piston. Wannan yana ba da damar tsotsar man da isar da shi zuwa babban matsin lamba na tsarin mai na injin ta cikin bawulan matsa lamba. Saboda motsi mai jujjuyawa na piston mai sarrafawa, an sami nasarar cewa ramin rarrabawa a cikin piston yana jujjuya gaban tashoshi ta hanyar da aka haɗa babban matsin lamba na kowane silinda zuwa sararin saman famfo sama da piston. Ana ɗora man fetur a lokacin motsi na piston zuwa tsakiyar matacciyar ƙasa, lokacin da ginshiƙan bututu da ramukan da ke cikin piston suke buɗe wa juna.
Ramin allurar Rotary tare da radial pistons
Ruwan juyawa tare da pistons radial yana ba da matsin lamba mafi girma. Irin wannan famfon ya ƙunshi piston biyu zuwa huɗu, waɗanda ke motsa zoben cam, waɗanda aka saka a cikin piston a cikin silindarsu, zuwa canjin allura. Zoben cam yana da lugs da yawa kamar silinda injin da aka bayar. Yayin da injin famfo ke jujjuyawa, pistons suna tafiya tare da yanayin zoben kyamara tare da taimakon rollers kuma suna tura fitowar kyamarar zuwa cikin babban matsin lamba. Rotor na famfon abinci yana da alaƙa da mashin ɗin injin famfon. An ƙera fam ɗin ciyarwa don samar da mai daga tanki zuwa matattarar mai mai matsin lamba a matsin da ake buƙata don ingantaccen aikin sa. Ana ba da man ɗin ga piston radial ta hanyar rotor mai rarrabawa, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa da injin famfon allura. A axis na rotor mai rarraba akwai rami na tsakiya wanda ke haɗa babban matsin lamba na piston radial tare da ramuka masu wuce gona da iri don samar da mai daga famfon abinci da kuma fitar da babban matsin lamba ga masu allurar keɓaɓɓen silinda. Man yana fitowa cikin bututun ruwa a daidai lokacin da ake haɗa giciye na rotor bore da tashoshi a cikin stator pump. Daga can, man yana gudana ta hanyar babban matsin lamba zuwa ga kowane injectors na injin silinda. Ka'idar adadin man da ake allura yana faruwa ta hanyar iyakance kwararar man da ke gudana daga famfon ciyarwa zuwa babban matsin lamba na famfon.
Sarrafa Allurar Rotary Allura ta Lantarki
Mafi yawan ruwan famfo mai jujjuyawar matsi na lantarki da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin motoci a cikin Turai shine jerin Bosch VP30, wanda ke haifar da babban matsin lamba tare da motar piston axial, da VP44, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen famfo mai sauyawa tare da pistons radial biyu ko uku. Tare da famfo axial yana yiwuwa a cimma matsakaicin matsa lamba na bututun ƙarfe har zuwa 120 MPa, kuma tare da famfo mai radial har zuwa 180 MPa. Ana sarrafa famfo ta tsarin sarrafa injin lantarki na EDC. A farkon shekarun samarwa, tsarin sarrafawa ya kasu kashi biyu, ɗaya daga cikin tsarin sarrafa injin, ɗayan kuma ta hanyar famfon allura. A hankali, an fara amfani da wani na'ura na gama-gari wanda ke kan famfo kai tsaye.
Babban famfo (VP44)
Ofaya daga cikin famfunan da aka saba amfani da su na wannan nau'in shine VP 44 radial piston pump daga Bosch. An gabatar da wannan famfo a cikin 1996 azaman babban matsin lamba na allurar mai don motocin fasinja da motocin kasuwanci masu haske. Farkon wanda ya fara amfani da wannan tsarin shine Opel, wanda ya sanya famfon VP44 a cikin injin dizal ɗin huɗu na Vectra 2,0 / 2,2 DTi. Wannan ya biyo bayan Audi tare da injin TDi 2,5. A cikin wannan nau'in, farkon allura da ƙa'idar amfani da mai ana sarrafa su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar lantarki ta hanyar bawul ɗin solenoid. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dukkan tsarin allura ana sarrafa shi ta ko ta raka'a daban -daban guda biyu, daban don injin da famfo, ko ɗaya don duka na'urorin da ke cikin famfon. Ƙungiyar sarrafawa (s) tana sarrafa sigina daga adadin firikwensin, wanda a bayyane yake a cikin adadi na ƙasa.
Daga mahangar ƙira, ƙa'idar aiki na famfo ainihin iri ɗaya ce da tsarin injin da aka sarrafa. Babban famfon mai tare da rarraba radial ya ƙunshi famfon vane-Chamber tare da bawul ɗin sarrafa matsin lamba da bawul ɗin maƙera. Ayyukansa shine tsotse mai, haifar da matsa lamba a cikin mai tarawa (kimanin 2 MPa) da kuma shayar da mai tare da famfon radial radial mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da matsa lamba mai mahimmanci don atomization mai kyau - allurar mai a cikin silinda (har zuwa kusan 160 MPa) . ). Camshaft yana jujjuyawa tare da matattarar matsin lamba kuma yana ba da man fetur ga kowane allurar injector. Ana amfani da bawul ɗin azumi mai sauri don aunawa da daidaita adadin man da aka yi allura, wanda ke sarrafawa ta sigina tare da mitar bugun jini ta hanyar el. naúrar tana kan famfo. Buɗewa da rufewar bawul ɗin yana ƙayyade lokacin da ake samar da mai ta hanyar babban matsin lamba. Dangane da sigina daga firikwensin kusurwar juyi (matsayi na kusurwa na silinda), an ƙaddara matsayin kusurwar hanzari na injin tuƙi da ƙarar cam yayin juyawa, saurin juyawa na famfon allura (idan aka kwatanta da sigina daga crankshaft firikwensin) da matsayi na canza allura a cikin famfo ana lissafta. Hakanan bawul ɗin yana daidaita matsayin canjin allura, wanda ke jujjuya zoben cam na babban matsin lamba daidai gwargwado. A sakamakon haka, shagunan da ke tuka piston ba da daɗewa ba sun sadu da zobe na cam, wanda ke haifar da hanzari ko jinkiri a farkon matsi. Za'a iya buɗewa kuma a rufe rufin canzawar allurar ta ƙungiyar sarrafawa. Na'urar firikwensin kusurwa tana kan zobe wanda ke jujjuyawa tare tare da zoben cam na babban matsin lamba. A janareta bugun jini is located a kan drive shaft na famfo. Maɓallan jagororin sun yi daidai da adadin silinda a cikin injin. Lokacin da camshaft ke juyawa, rollers masu motsi suna tafiya tare da saman zobe na cam. Ana tura pistons ɗin cikin ciki kuma suna matsa man fetur zuwa matsin lamba. Matsi na mai a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba yana farawa bayan buɗewar bawul ɗin ta hanyar siginar daga sashin sarrafawa. Shaft ɗin mai rarraba yana motsawa zuwa matsayi a gaban matattarar mai da aka matsa zuwa silinda daidai. Sannan ana tura mai ta cikin bawul ɗin cajin maƙerin zuwa allurar, wanda ke saka shi cikin silinda. Allurar ta ƙare tare da rufe bawul ɗin tafin kafa. Bawul ɗin yana rufe kusan bayan ya ci nasara a tsakiyar matacciyar ƙasa na piston radial na famfo, farkon karuwar matsin lamba ana sarrafa shi ta kusurwar kyamarar cam (sarrafawa ta canza allura). Allurar mai tana shafar saurin, nauyi, zafin injin da matsin lamba na yanayi. Ƙungiyar sarrafawa kuma tana kimanta bayanai daga firikwensin matsayin crankshaft da kusurwar shaft ɗin cikin famfo. Ƙungiyar sarrafawa tana amfani da firikwensin kusurwa don ƙayyade ainihin matsayin matattarar tuƙin famfo da jujjuyawar allura.
1. - Vane extrusion famfo tare da matsa lamba kula bawul.
2. - firikwensin kusurwar juyawa
3. - famfo iko kashi
4. - babban matsin lamba tare da camshaft da magudanar ruwa.
5. - canza allura tare da bawul mai sauyawa
6. - babban matsa lamba solenoid bawul
Axial famfo (VP30)
Ana iya amfani da irin wannan tsarin sarrafa lantarki zuwa famfon mai jujjuyawa, kamar famfon Bosch na VP 30-37, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin motocin fasinjoji tun 1989. A cikin VE axial flow fuel pump wanda wani gwamna masanin injiniya ke sarrafawa. tasirin tafiya mai inganci da ƙimar mai yana ƙayyade matsayin mai jujjuya kayan. Tabbas, ana samun ingantattun saitunan lantarki. Mai sarrafa electromagnetic a cikin famfon allura shine mai sarrafa injin da ƙarin tsarin sa. Na'urar sarrafawa tana tantance matsayin mai sarrafa electromagnetic a cikin famfon allura, tare da yin la'akari da sigina daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke lura da aikin injin.
A ƙarshe, misalai kaɗan na famfon da aka ambata a cikin takamaiman motocin.
Ramin mai na Rotary tare da motar piston axial VP30 yana amfani da misali Ford Focus 1,8 TDDi 66 kW
VP37 yana amfani da injin 1,9 SDi da TDi (66 kW).
Ramin allurar Rotary tare da radial pistons VP44 amfani a cikin motoci:
Opel 2,0 DTI 16V, 2,2 DTI 16V
Audi A4 / A6 2,5 TDi
BMW 320d (100 kW)
Irin wannan ƙira shine famfo mai jujjuyawar allura tare da Nippon-Denso radial pistons a cikin Mazde DiTD (74 kW).
