Tsarin EGR

An ƙirƙiri tsarin Recirculation Gas Exhaust (EGR) don inganta ƙimar muhalli na injin mota. Yin amfani da shi na iya rage yawan iskar nitrogen oxides a cikin iskar gas. Ƙarshen ba a kawar da su da kyau ta hanyar masu canzawa na catalytic kuma, tun da yake su ne mafi yawan abubuwan da ke da guba a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas, ana buƙatar amfani da ƙarin mafita da fasaha.

Yadda tsarin yake

EGR taƙaitaccen kalmar Ingilishi ne "Recirculation Gas Recirculation", wanda ke fassara a matsayin "sakewar iskar gas". Babban aikin irin wannan tsarin shi ne karkatar da wani yanki na iskar gas daga mashigin shaye-shaye zuwa wurin da ake sha. Samuwar nitrogen oxides yana daidai da yanayin zafi a ɗakin konewa na injin. Lokacin da iskar gas mai fitar da iskar gas ta shiga cikin tsarin ci, yawan iskar oxygen, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai haɓakawa yayin aikin konewa, yana raguwa. A sakamakon haka, zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin konewa yana raguwa kuma yawan ƙwayar nitrogen oxide yana raguwa.

Ana amfani da tsarin EGR don injunan diesel da man fetur. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance kawai shine motocin mai turbocharged, inda amfani da fasahar recirculation ba ta da inganci saboda ƙayyadaddun yanayin aikin injin. Gabaɗaya, fasahar EGR na iya rage yawan adadin nitrogen oxide har zuwa 50%. Bugu da kari, yuwuwar fashewa yana raguwa, yawan amfani da man fetur ya zama mafi tattalin arziki (kusan 3%), kuma motocin dizal suna da alaƙa da raguwar adadin soot a cikin iskar gas.

Zuciyar tsarin EGR shine bawul ɗin recirculation, wanda ke sarrafa kwararar iskar gas a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan sha. Yana aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa kuma ana ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa. Ana iya ƙirƙira rage yawan zafin jiki na tilastawa, wanda ke buƙatar radiator (mai sanyaya) wanda aka sanya tsakanin tsarin shayewa da bawul. Yana daga cikin tsarin sanyaya mota gabaɗaya.

A cikin injunan diesel, bawul ɗin EGR yana buɗewa ba aiki. A wannan yanayin, iskar gas mai fitar da iskar ta kai kashi 50% na iskar da ke shiga dakunan konewa. Yayin da nauyin ya karu, bawul ɗin yana rufewa a hankali. Don injin mai, tsarin kewayawa yawanci yana aiki ne kawai a matsakaici da ƙananan saurin injin kuma yana ba da kashi 10% na iskar gas a cikin jimlar iska.

Menene EGR bawuloli

A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan bawul ɗin recirculation na shaye-shaye, waɗanda suka bambanta da nau'in actuator:

• Cutar huhu. Mafi sauƙaƙa, amma wanda ya riga ya tsufa na tsarin sake zagayowar iskar gas. A gaskiya ma, tasirin da bawul ɗin yana gudana ta hanyar vacuum a cikin nau'in ci na mota.
• Electropneumatic. Bawul ɗin EGR na pneumatic yana sarrafawa ta hanyar bawul ɗin solenoid, wanda ke aiki daga sigina daga injin ECU dangane da bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa (matsin iskar gas da zafin jiki, matsayi na bawul, matsa lamba da zazzabi mai sanyaya). Yana haɗi da cire haɗin tushen injin kuma yana ƙirƙirar wurare biyu kawai na bawul ɗin EGR. Bi da bi, injin a cikin irin wannan tsarin za a iya ƙirƙirar ta wani daban-daban famfo famfo.
• Lantarki. Irin wannan bawul ɗin sake zagayawa ana sarrafa shi kai tsaye ta injin motar ECU. Yana da matsayi uku don kula da kwararar shaye-shaye. Matsayin bawul ɗin EGR yana canzawa ta hanyar maganadisu waɗanda ke buɗewa da rufe shi a cikin haɗuwa daban-daban. Wannan tsarin baya amfani da vacuum.

Nau'in EGR a cikin injin dizal

Injin dizal yana amfani da nau'ikan tsarin sake zagayawa da iskar gas iri-iri, wanda yanayin muhallin abin hawa ya ƙayyade abin da ke tattare da shi. A halin yanzu akwai uku daga cikinsu:

• Babban matsin lamba (daidai da Yuro 4). Bawul ɗin recirculation yana haɗa tashar shaye-shaye, wanda aka sanya a gaban turbocharger, kai tsaye zuwa nau'in ci. Wannan da'irar tana amfani da abin motsa jiki na electro-pneumatic. Lokacin da aka rufe magudanar, matsa lamba da yawa yana raguwa, yana haifar da mafi girma vacuum. Wannan yana haifar da haɓakar kwararar iskar gas. A gefe guda, ƙarfin haɓaka yana raguwa saboda ƙarancin iskar gas ɗin da ake ciyar da su a cikin injin turbine. A buɗaɗɗen maƙura, tsarin sake zagayowar iskar gas ɗin baya aiki.
• Ƙananan matsa lamba (daidai da Yuro 5). A cikin wannan makirci, an haɗa bawul ɗin zuwa tsarin shaye-shaye a cikin yanki tsakanin tacewa da muffler, kuma a cikin tsarin ci - a gaban turbocharger. Godiya ga wannan fili, ana rage yawan zafin jiki na iskar gas, kuma ana tsabtace su daga ƙazantattun soot. A wannan yanayin, idan aka kwatanta da makircin matsananciyar matsa lamba, ana aiwatar da matsa lamba a cikin cikakken ƙarfin aiki, tun lokacin da dukkanin iskar gas ke wucewa ta cikin turbine.
• Haɗe (daidai da Yuro 6). Haɗe-haɗe ne na da'ira mai ƙarfi da ƙaranci, kowanne da nasa bawul ɗin sake zagayawa. A cikin yanayin al'ada, wannan kewayawa yana aiki a kan ƙananan tashar wutar lantarki, kuma an haɗa tashar tashar wutar lantarki mai girma lokacin da nauyin ya karu.

A matsakaita, bawul ɗin sake zagayowar iskar gas ɗin yana ɗaukar tsawon kilomita 100, bayan haka yana iya toshewa kuma ya gaza. A mafi yawan lokuta, direbobi waɗanda ba su san menene tsarin sake zagayawa ba don kawai cire su gaba ɗaya.