Ta yaya motar muffler ke aiki, menene ka'idar aiki bisa

An ƙera motar muffler don rage yawan hayaniya a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye daidai da ka'idodin duniya. Wannan nau'in karfe ne, wanda a cikinsa aka yi partitions da chambers, samar da tashoshi tare da hadaddun hanyoyi. Lokacin da iskar gas ke wucewa ta cikin wannan na'urar, girgizar sauti na mitoci daban-daban suna juyewa zuwa makamashin zafi.

Babban manufar muffler a cikin tsarin shayewa

A cikin injin shaye-shaye, ana shigar da muffler bayan mai canzawa (na motocin mai) ko tacewa (na injin dizal). A mafi yawan lokuta akwai biyu:

• Na farko (muffler-resonator) - an ƙera shi don murkushe hayaniya da daidaita jujjuyawar iskar gas a mashin injin. An fara shigar da shi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiransa "gaba". Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa shine rarraba iskar gas a cikin tsarin.
• Babban Silencer - An ƙirƙira don iyakar rage yawan amo.

A aikace, na'urar muffler mota tana ba da sauye-sauye masu zuwa don rage yawan hayaniya:

• Canza sashin giciye na kwararar shaye-shaye. Ana yin shi ne saboda kasancewar a cikin zane na ɗakunan sassa daban-daban, wanda ke ba ka damar shayar da sauti mai girma. Ka'idar fasaha ta kasance mai sauƙi: na farko, motsi na wayar hannu na iskar gas yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da wani juriya na sauti, sa'an nan kuma ya fadada sosai, sakamakon haka raƙuman sauti suna warwatse.
• Juyawa juzu'i. Ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ɓarna da ƙaura daga cikin axis na tubes. Ta hanyar jujjuya kwararar iskar iskar gas a kusurwar digiri 90 ko sama da haka, ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar tana raguwa.
• Canje-canje a cikin motsin gas (tsangwama na raƙuman sauti). Ana samun hakan ne ta hanyar kasancewar ɓarna a cikin bututun da shaye-shaye ke wucewa. Wannan fasaha yana ba ku damar cire amo na mitoci daban-daban.
• "Autoabsorption" na raƙuman sauti a cikin resonator Helmholtz.
• Shakar raƙuman sauti. Baya ga ɗakuna da ramuka, jikin muffler yana ƙunshe da abu mai ɗaukar sauti don ware hayaniya.

Nau'in mufflers da ƙirar su

Akwai nau'ikan muffler iri biyu da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci na zamani: mai resonant da madaidaiciya. Ana iya shigar da su biyu tare da resonator (pre-muffler). A wasu lokuta, ƙira madaidaiciya na iya maye gurbin muffler na gaba.

Gina na'urar resonator

A tsari, resonator na muffler, wanda kuma ake kira mai kama harshen wuta, bututu ne mai ratsa jiki wanda ke cikin rufaffiyar gidaje, an raba shi zuwa ɗakuna da yawa. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa kamar haka:

• jiki na cylindrical;
• Layer rufin thermal;
• bangare makaho;
• bututu mai perforated;
• maƙura.

Resonant shiru na'urar

Ba kamar na farko ba, babban resonant muffler ya fi rikitarwa. Ya ƙunshi bututu masu ɓarna da yawa waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin jiki ɗaya, waɗanda aka raba su da ɓangarori kuma suna kan gatari daban-daban:

• bututun gaba mai raɗaɗi;
• burbushin baya na baya;
• bututu mai shiga;
• baffle na gaba;
• bangare na tsakiya;
• baffle baya;
• bututu mai shanyewa;
• oval jiki.

Don haka, ana amfani da kowane nau'i na canje-canje na raƙuman sauti na mitoci daban-daban a cikin mai yin shiru.

Halayen madaidaicin muffler

Babban rashin lahani na muffler mai resonant shine tasirin matsin lamba na baya wanda ya haifar da juyawar kwararar iskar gas (lokacin karo da baffles). A wannan batun, da yawa masu ababen hawa suna aiwatar da gyaran tsarin shaye-shaye ta hanyar shigar da muffler kai tsaye.

A tsari, madaidaiciyar muffler ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• gidajen da aka rufe;
• shaye da bututun ci;
• ƙaho tare da perforation;
• kayan kare sauti - fiberglass ɗin da aka fi amfani da shi yana jure yanayin zafi kuma yana da kyawawan kaddarorin ɗaukar sauti.

A aikace, mai yin shiru mai gudana kai tsaye yana aiki bisa ga ka'ida mai zuwa: bututu mai raɗaɗi yana ratsa duk ɗakuna. Don haka, babu sautin murƙushewa ta hanyar canza alkibla da ƙetare sashin iskar gas, kuma ana samun kashe amo ne kawai saboda tsangwama da sha.

Sakamakon kwararar iskar iskar gas mai fitar da iskar gas ta hanyar muffler na gaba, sakamakon matsa lamba na baya ya ragu sosai. Duk da haka, a aikace, wannan baya bada izinin karuwa mai yawa a cikin iko (3% - 7%). A gefe guda kuma, sautin motar ya zama halayen motar motsa jiki, tun da fasahar hana sautin sauti kawai tana danne ƙananan mita.

Ta'aziyyar direba, fasinjoji da masu tafiya a ƙasa ya dogara da aikin muffler. Don haka, a lokacin aiki na dogon lokaci, haɓakar amo na iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani. Ya zuwa yau, shigar da muffler kai tsaye a cikin ƙirar motar da ke motsawa a cikin birni laifi ne na gudanarwa wanda ke yin barazana tare da tara da oda don tarwatsa na'urar. Wannan ya faru ne saboda wuce gona da iri na amo da aka kafa ta ma'auni.