Tankin bincike na T-II "Lux"
Tankin bincike na T-II "Lux"Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf.L 'Luchs' (Sd.Kfz.123)
An yi ƙwanƙarar tanki ba tare da ra'ayi na hankali na faranti na sulke ba. An shigar da bindiga mai atomatik 20mm tare da tsayin ganga na calibers 55 a cikin turret mai fuska da yawa ta amfani da abin rufe fuska na silinda. An kuma samar da wata injin wuta mai sarrafa kanta (mota ta musamman 122) bisa wannan tanki. Tankin Lux ya kasance motar bincike mai sauri mai saurin gaske tare da kyakkyawar iyawar hanya, amma saboda rashin kyawun makamai da sulke, yana da iyakacin iyawar yaƙi. An samar da tankin daga Satumba 1943 zuwa Janairu 1944. A cikin duka, an samar da tankuna 100, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin sassan binciken tanki na tanki da ƙungiyoyi masu motsi.
A cikin Yuli 1934, "Waffenamt" (makamai sashen) ya ba da oda don samar da wani sulke abin hawa dauke da 20-mm atomatik igwa mai yin la'akari 10 ton. A farkon 1935, kamfanoni da yawa, ciki har da Krupp AG, MAN (chassis kawai), Henschel & Son (chassis kawai) da Daimler-Benz, sun gabatar da samfuran Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper 100 (LaS 100) - tarakta noma. Samfuran injunan noma an yi niyya ne don gwajin soja. Ana kuma san wannan tarakta a ƙarƙashin sunayen 2 cm MG “Panzerwagen” da (VK 6222) (Versuchkraftfahrzeug 622). Tarakta, wanda kuma aka sani da tankin haske na Panzerkampfwagen, an ƙera shi ne don haɗa tankin Panzerkampfwagen I a matsayin motar da ta fi ƙarfin harba sulke da harsashi. Krupp shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da samfur. Motar ta kasance babbar sigar tankin LKA I (samfurin tankin Krupp Panzerkampfwagen I) tare da ingantattun makamai. Na'urar Krupp bai dace da abokin ciniki ba. An zaɓi zaɓin don goyon bayan chassis wanda MAN da ƙungiyar Daimler-Benz suka haɓaka. A cikin Oktoba 1935, an gwada samfurin farko, wanda ba daga sulke ba, amma daga karfen tsari, an gwada shi. Waffenamt ya ba da umarnin tankunan LaS 100. Daga karshen 1935 zuwa Mayu 1936, MAN ya kammala odar ta hanyar kai goma daga cikin motocin da ake bukata.
Samfurin na tanki LaS 100 m "Krupp" - LKA 2 Daga baya sun sami sunan Ausf.al. Tankin "Panzerkampfwagen" II (Sd.Kfz.121) ya fi "Panzerkampfwagen" I girma, amma har yanzu ya kasance abin hawa mai haske, wanda aka tsara don horar da jiragen ruwa fiye da ayyukan yaki. An yi la'akari da shi azaman tsaka-tsaki nau'i a cikin tsammanin shiga cikin sabis na Panzerkampfwagen III da Panzerkampfwagen IV tankuna. Kamar Panzerkampfwagen I, Panzerkampfwagen II ba shi da babban tasirin yaƙi, kodayake shi ne babban tanki na Panzerwaffe a 1940-1941. Rauni daga ra'ayi na injin soja, duk da haka, wani muhimmin mataki ne na samar da tankunan da ke da karfi. A cikin kyawawan hannaye, tanki mai haske mai kyau ya kasance motar bincike mai tasiri. Kamar sauran tankuna, chassis na tanki na Panzerkampfwagen II ya zama tushen sauye-sauye da yawa, gami da mai lalata tanki na Marder II, Vespe mai sarrafa kansa, da Fiammpanzer II Flamingo (Pz.Kpf.II (F)) tankin flamethrower, tanki mai karfin gaske da makaman roka "Sturmpanzer" II "Bison".
Bayanin An yi la'akari da makamai na tankin Panzerkampfwagen II mai rauni sosai, bai ma kare shi daga gutsuttsura da harsasai ba. Armament, igwa mai tsawon mm 20, an yi la'akari da isasshen lokacin da aka sanya motar a cikin sabis, amma cikin sauri ya zama tsoho. Harsashin wannan bindigar na iya kaiwa ga al'ada, maƙasudai marasa sulke. Bayan faduwar kasar Faransa, an yi nazari kan batun harba tankokin yaki na Panzerkampfwagen II da bindigogin SA37 na Faransa mai girman 38 mm, amma abubuwa ba su wuce gwaji ba. Tankuna "Panzerkampfwagen" Ausf.A / I - Ausf.F suna dauke da makamai masu linzami na atomatik KwK30 L / 55, wanda aka ƙera a kan bindigar anti-jirgin FlaK30. Adadin wutar bindigar KwK30 L/55 ya kasance zagaye 280 a minti daya. An haɗa bindigar injin Rheinmetall-Borzing MG-34 7,92 mm tare da igwa. An shigar da bindigar a cikin abin rufe fuska a hagu, bindigar injin a dama.
An ba da bindigar tare da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don kallon gani na TZF4. A farkon gyare-gyare, an sami ƙyanƙyasar kwamanda a cikin rufin turret, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da turret a cikin sigogin baya. Ita kanta turret tana da diyya zuwa hagu dangane da axis na ƙwanƙwasa. A cikin rukunin fada, an sanya harsashi 180 a cikin shirye-shiryen bidiyo na guda 10 kowanne da harsashi 2250 don bindigar mashin (kaset 17 a cikin kwalaye). An sanya wasu tankuna da na'urorin harba gurneti. Ma'aikatan tankin "Panzerkampfwagen" II sun ƙunshi mutane uku: kwamandan / gunner, mai ɗaukar kaya / rediyo da direba. Kwamandan yana zaune a cikin hasumiya, mai lodi ya tsaya a kasan rukunin fada. An gudanar da sadarwa tsakanin kwamandan da direban ta hanyar bututun magana. Kayan aikin rediyo sun haɗa da mai karɓar FuG5 VHF da mai watsa watt 10. Kasancewar gidan rediyon ya bai wa jirgin ruwan Jamus damar yin amfani da dabara a kan abokan gaba. Na farko "biyu" yana da wani zagaye na gaba na ƙugiya, a cikin motoci daga baya manyan sulke na sama da ƙananan sulke sun kafa kusurwa na digiri 70. Ƙarfin gas na tankuna na farko shine lita 200, farawa tare da gyaran Ausf.F. an shigar da tankuna masu karfin lita 170. Tankunan da ke zuwa Arewacin Afirka an sanye su da matattara da magoya baya, an ƙara taƙaitaccen "Tr" (na wurare masu zafi) a cikin sunayensu. A lokacin aiki, yawancin "biyu" an kammala su, kuma musamman, an shigar da ƙarin kariya daga makamai masu linzami.
Canjin karshe na tankin "Panzerkamprwagen" II shine "Lux" - "Panzerkampfwagen" II Auf.L (VK 1303, Sd.Kfz.123). Kamfanin MAN da Henschel ne suka samar da wannan tankin leƙen asiri mai haske daga Satumba 1943 zuwa Janairu 1944. An yi shirin kera motoci 800, amma 104 ne aka gina (ana kuma bayar da bayanai kan tankoki 153 da aka gina), lambobin chassis 200101-200200. Kamfanin MAN ne ke da alhakin samar da hull, ƙwanƙwasa da ƙorafin turret sune kamfanin Daimler-Benz. "Lux" ya kasance ci gaban tanki na VK 901 (Ausf.G) kuma ya bambanta da wanda ya gabace shi a cikin ƙwanƙwasa na zamani da chassis. Tankin yana sanye da injin Maybach HL6P mai lamba 66 da kuma watsa ZF Aphon SSG48. Yawan tanki ya kasance ton 13. Cruising a kan babbar hanya - 290 km. Ma'aikatan tankin mutane hudu ne: kwamanda, bindiga, ma'aikacin rediyo da direba. Kayan aikin rediyo sun haɗa da mai karɓar FuG12 MW da mai watsa 80W. An gudanar da sadarwa tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin ta hanyar intercom na tanki.
Tankunan leken asiri na haske "Lux" sun yi aiki a gabas da yamma a matsayin wani ɓangare na sassan binciken sulke na Wehrmacht da sojojin SS. Tankunan da aka yi niyyar aika zuwa Gabashin Gabas sun sami ƙarin sulke na gaba. Wasu ƙananan motoci an sanye su da ƙarin kayan aikin rediyo. An shirya ba da tankunan Luks da igwa 50 mm KWK39 L/60 (madaidaicin tankin damisa VK 1602), amma kawai bambance-bambancen da 20 mm KWK38 L/55 igwa tare da adadin wuta 420-480 an yi zagaye a cikin minti daya. An sanye da bindigar da abin gani na gani na TZF6. Akwai bayanai, wanda, duk da haka, ba a rubuce, cewa tankunan Lux 31 duk da haka sun sami bindigogi 50-mm Kwk39 L / 60. Ginin motocin kwashe masu sulke "Bergepanzer Luchs" ya kamata, amma ba a gina irin wannan ARV guda ɗaya ba. Har ila yau, ba a aiwatar da aikin bindigu mai sarrafa kansa da aka yi a kan dogon bugu na tankin Luks ba. VK 1305. Ya kamata ZSU ta kasance da makami da bindigar anti-jirgin sama mai lamba 20-mm ko 37mm Flak37.
Amfani. "Twos" ya fara shiga sojojin a cikin bazara na 1936 kuma ya kasance cikin sabis tare da rukunin farko na Jamus har zuwa ƙarshen 1942. Duk da haka, bisa hukuma an yi la'akari da cewa Anschluss na Ostiriya da mamaya na Czechoslovakia sun zama lokuta na farko na yin amfani da tankuna. Kamar yadda babban yaki tank "biyu" dauki bangare a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland yakin Satumba 1939. Bayan sake tsarawa a 1940-1941. Tankunan Panzerwaffe, Panzerkampfwagen II sun shiga sabis tare da rukunin bincike, kodayake an ci gaba da amfani da su azaman manyan tankunan yaƙi. Yawancin motocin an cire su daga rukunin a cikin 1942, kodayake tankunan Panzerkampfwagen II sun ci karo da su a gaba a 1943 kuma. Bayyanar "biyu" a fagen fama da aka lura a 1944, a lokacin kawance saukowa a Normandy, har ma a 1945 (a 1945, 145 "biyu" sun kasance a cikin sabis).
1223 Panzerkampfwagen II tankuna sun shiga cikin yakin da Poland, a lokacin "biyu" sun kasance mafi girma a cikin panzerwaf. A Poland, sojojin Jamus sun yi asarar tankunan Panzerkampfwagen II 83. 32 daga cikinsu - a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe a kan titunan Warsaw. Motoci 18 ne kawai suka shiga cikin mamayar Norway. 920 "biyu" sun kasance a shirye don shiga cikin blitzkrieg a Yamma. A farmakin da sojojin Jamus suka kai a yankin Balkan, tankokin yaki 260 ne suka shiga hannu. Don shiga cikin Operation Barbarossa, an kasafta tankuna 782, da yawa daga cikinsu sun zama wadanda ke fama da tankunan Soviet da manyan bindigogi. An yi amfani da tankunan Panzerkampfwagen II a Arewacin Afirka har zuwa mika wuya na sassan Afirka a 1943. Ayyukan "biyu" a Arewacin Afirka ya zama mafi nasara saboda yanayin da ake iya jurewa da kuma raunin makamai masu linzami na makiya. Tankokin yaki 381 ne kawai suka shiga cikin hare-haren bazara na sojojin Jamus a Gabashin Gabas.
A cikin Operation Citadel, ko da ƙasa da haka. tankuna 107. Tun daga ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1944, sojojin Jamus suna da tankunan Panzerkampfwagen II 386. Tankuna "Panzerkampfwagen" II kuma suna aiki tare da sojojin kasashen da ke kawance da Jamus: Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania da Hungary. A halin yanzu, ana iya ganin tankuna na Panzerkampfwagen II Lux a cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Tank na Burtaniya a Bovington, a cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Munster a Jamus, a cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Belgrade da kuma a cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Aberdeen Proving Ground a Amurka, a cikin gidan tarihin Tankin Faransa a Samyur, tanki daya ne. in Russia in Kubinka. Dabaru da fasaha halaye na tanki "Lux"
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The ci gaban da tanki aka fara da MAN a 1939 don maye gurbin T-II tank. A watan Satumba 1943, sabon tanki da aka sanya a cikin serial samar. A tsarin, shi ne ci gaba da ci gaban da T-II tankuna. Ya bambanta da samfurori na baya akan wannan na'ura, an yi amfani da tsari mai banƙyama na ƙafafun hanyoyi a cikin ƙananan kaya, an kawar da rollers masu goyon baya kuma an yi amfani da shinge mai tsayi. An gudanar da tankin bisa ga tsarin da aka saba da shi don tankunan Jamus: sashin wutar lantarki yana a baya, ɗakin fama yana tsakiyar, kuma sashin kulawa, watsawa da ƙafafun motar suna gaba.
