Bambanci tsakanin karfin juyi da iko ...

Bambanci tsakanin karfin juyi da iko tambaya ce da mutane da yawa masu sha'awar sha'awa ke yi. Kuma wannan abu ne da za a iya fahimta, tun da waɗannan bayanai guda biyu suna cikin waɗanda aka fi nazari a cikin takardun bayanan fasaha na motocinmu. Don haka zai zama mai ban sha'awa a tsawaitawa a kan hakan, koda kuwa ba lallai ba ne ya zama mafi bayyananne ...

Da farko, bari mu fayyace cewa ma'auratan suna bayyana kansu a ciki Newton. Mita da karfi a cikin Karfin doki (lokacin da muke magana game da injin, saboda kimiyya da lissafi suna amfani Watt)

Shin da gaske bambanci ne?

A gaskiya ma, ba zai kasance da sauƙi a raba waɗannan nau'i biyu ba, tun da suna da alaka da juna. Kamar tambayar menene bambancin burodi da gari. Ba shi da ma'ana sosai, domin gari yana cikin gurasa. Zai fi kyau a kwatanta sinadarai da juna (misali ruwa vs gari a tsunkule) fiye da kwatanta wani sashi da samfurin da aka gama.

Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin bayyana duk wannan, amma a lokaci guda ku bayyana cewa duk wani taimako daga gare ku (ta hanyar tsokaci a ƙasan shafin) za a yi maraba da shi. Ƙarin hanyoyi daban -daban don bayyana shi, yawancin masu amfani da Intanet za su zo don fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan ma'anoni biyu.

Ƙarfi shine sakamakon haɗawa (ƙananan kalmomi masu nauyi, na sani da kyau ...) saurin jujjuyawar.

A ilimin lissafi, wannan yana ba da abubuwa masu zuwa:

( π X Torque a Yanayin Nm X / 1000/30 = Iko a kW (wanda ke fassara zuwa karfin doki idan daga baya muna son samun "ƙarin tsarin kera motoci").

Anan zamu fara fahimtar cewa kwatanta su kusan maganar banza ce.

Yin nazarin karfin juyi / ƙarfi

Babu wani abu mafi kyau fiye da injin lantarki don cikakken fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ko kuma yadda akwai alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfi da sauri.

Dubi yadda madaidaicin juzu'in jujjuyawar injin lantarki yake, wanda yafi sauƙin fahimta fiye da lanƙwan injin zafi. A nan mun ga cewa muna samar da madaidaicin juzu'i mai tsayi a farkon juyin juya halin, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki. A haƙiƙa, ƙarfin da na sanya a kan gatari mai juyi, da sauri zai juyo (sabili da haka ƙarin iko). A gefe guda kuma, yayin da karfin juyi ya ragu (lokacin da na danna ƙasa da ƙasa akan axle mai juyawa, ci gaba da dannawa ta wata hanya), lanƙwan wutar lantarki yana fara raguwa (ko da yake saurin juyawa yana ci gaba da raguwa). Ƙara). Ainihin, juzu'i shine "ƙarfin hanzari" kuma iko shine jimlar da ta haɗu da wannan ƙarfin da saurin jujjuyawar ɓangaren motsi (gudun angular).

Shin ma'auratan sun yi nasara a duk wannan?

Wasu mutane kawai suna kwatanta injin don ƙarfin su ko kusan. A zahiri, wannan rudu ne ...

Misali, idan na kwatanta injin mai da ke haɓaka 350 Nm a 6000 rpm tare da injin dizal wanda ke haɓaka 400 Nm akan 3000 rpm, muna iya tunanin cewa dizal ne zai fi ƙarfin haɓakawa. To, a'a, amma za mu koma farkon, babban abu shine iko! Ya kamata a yi amfani da wutar lantarki kawai don kwatanta injina (mafi dacewa tare da masu lankwasa…Saboda babban ƙarfin kololuwa ba komai bane!).

Lallai, yayin da karfin juyi kawai ke nuna matsakaicin karfin juyi, iko ya haɗa da karfin juyi da saurin injin, don haka muna da duk bayanan (karfin juyi kawai nuni ne kawai).

Idan muka koma kan misalin mu, to muna iya cewa dizal na iya yin alfahari da shi, yana bayar da 400 Nm a 3000 rpm. Amma kar a manta cewa a 6000 rpm tabbas ba za ta iya isar da fiye da 100 Nm ba (bari mu tsallake gaskiyar cewa mai ba zai iya kaiwa tan 6000 ba), yayin da har yanzu man fetur na iya isar da 350 Nm a wannan saurin. A cikin wannan misalin, muna kwatanta injin dizal 200. tare da injin fetur 400 hp (alƙaluman da aka samo daga fitilun da aka ambata) guda ɗaya zuwa ninki biyu.

Kullum muna tuna cewa da sauri abu ya juya (ko yayi gaba), zai yi wuya a samu shi har ma ya ɗauki sauri. Don haka, injin da ke haɓaka babban ƙarfi a babban rpm yana nuna cewa yana da ƙarin ƙarfi da albarkatu!

Bayani ta misali

Ina da ɗan tunani don gwadawa da tantance shi duka, da fatan ba haka bane. Shin kun taɓa ƙoƙarin dakatar da motar lantarki mara ƙarfi tare da yatsunsu (ƙaramin fan, motar lantarki a cikin kayan Mecano lokacin da kuke ƙarami, da sauransu).

Yana iya jujjuyawa da sauri (faɗi 240 rpm ko juzu'i 4 a sakan na biyu), muna iya dakatar da shi cikin sauƙi ba tare da ɓata shi da yawa ba (yana bulala kaɗan idan akwai ruwan leda). Wannan saboda ƙarfinsa ba shi da mahimmanci, sabili da haka wattage (wannan ya shafi ƙananan injinan lantarki don kayan wasa da sauran ƙananan kayan haɗi).

A gefe guda kuma, idan a daidai wannan gudun (240 rpm) ba zan iya dakatar da shi ba, yana nufin cewa karfinsa zai yi yawa, wanda kuma zai haifar da ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarshe (duka biyun suna da alaƙa ta lissafi, kamar sadarwa jirgi ne). Amma gudun ya kasance iri ɗaya. Don haka, ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin injin, na ƙara ƙarfin sa, saboda kusan

Ma'aurata

X

Gudun juyawa

= Ƙarfi... (wata dabara da aka sauƙaƙe don taimakawa fahimtar: Pi da wasu masu canji da ake gani a saman dabara an cire su)

Don haka, don ikon da aka bayar (faɗi 5W, amma wanda ya damu) zan iya samun ko dai:

• Motar da ke jujjuyawa a hankali (misali juyin juya hali 1 a sakan na biyu) tare da babban ƙarfin da zai yi ɗan wahala a dakatar da yatsun ku (baya gudu da sauri, amma babban ƙarfin sa yana ba shi ƙarfi mai ƙarfi)
• Ko motar da ke aiki a 4 rpm amma tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Anan, ana rama ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfi ta mafi girman gudu, wanda ke ba shi ƙarin inertia. Amma tsayawa tare da yatsunsu zai fi sauƙi duk da saurin gudu.

Bayan haka, injuna biyu suna da ƙarfi iri ɗaya, amma ba sa aiki iri ɗaya (ikon yana zuwa ta hanyoyi daban -daban, amma misalin ba shi da wakilci sosai ga wannan, tunda yana iyakance zuwa saurin da aka bayar. A cikin mota, saurin yana canzawa koyaushe, wanda ke haifar da sanannen iko da lokacin lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi). Wani yana juyawa a hankali ɗayan kuma yana juyawa da sauri ... Wannan shine ɗan bambanci tsakanin dizal da fetur.

Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa manyan motoci ke amfani da man dizal, saboda dizal yana da babban karfin juyi, don cutar da saurin jujjuyawar (matsakaicin saurin injin ya ragu sosai). Lallai, ya zama dole a sami damar ci gaba, duk da tirela mai nauyi, ba tare da tsawatawa injin ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake da mai (dole ne mutum ya hau hasumiya ya yi wasa da kama kamar mahaukaci). Diesel yana watsa matsakaicin karfin juyi a cikin ƙananan ramuka, wanda ke sauƙaƙa yin taɗi kuma yana ba ku damar tashi daga abin hawa.

Dangantaka tsakanin iko, karfin juyi da saurin injin

Anan ne shigarwar fasaha da mai amfani ya raba a ɓangaren sharhi. Yana da ma'ana a gare ni in saka shi kai tsaye cikin labarin.

Don kada a wahalar da matsalar tare da yawan jiki:

Ƙarfi shine samfurin juzu'i a kan crankshaft da saurin crankshaft a cikin radians/sec.

(tuna cewa don juyin juya halin 2 na crankshaft a 6.28 ° akwai 1 * pi radians = radians 360.

So P=M*W

P -> iko a [W]

M -> karfin juyi a [Nm] (Newton meter)

W (omega) - saurin kusurwa a cikin radians / sec W = 2 * Pi * F

Tare da Pi = 3.14159 da F = saurin crankshaft a cikin t / s.

Misali mai amfani

Ƙarfin injin M: 210 Nm

Gudun Mota: 3000 rpm -> mita = 3000/60 = 50 rpm

W = 2 * pi * F = 2 * 3.14159 * 50 t / s = 314 radians / s

Ƙarshen Au: P = M * W = 210 Nm * 314 rad / s = 65940 W = 65,94 kW

Juyawa zuwa CV (ƙarfin doki) 1 hp = 736 W

A cikin CV muna samun 65940 W / 736 W = 89.6 CV.

(Ku tuna cewa ƙarfin doki 1 shine matsakaicin ƙarfin doki wanda ke gudana ba tare da tsayawa ba (a cikin injiniyoyi, ana kiran wannan ƙarfin rated).

Don haka lokacin da muke magana game da motar 150 hp, ya zama dole a ƙara saurin injin zuwa 6000 rpm tare da ƙarfin da ya rage ko kuma a ɗan rage shi zuwa 175 Nm.

Godiya ga akwatin gear, wanda shine mai jujjuyawar juzu'i, da bambanci, muna da ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin kusan sau 5.

Misali, a cikin kaya na 1, ƙarfin injin a ƙwanƙwasa na 210 Nm zai ba da 210 Nm * 5 = 1050 Nm a gefen ƙafafun da ke magana da cm 30, wannan zai ba da ƙarfin jan 1050 Nm / 0.3 m = 3500 Nm .

A kimiyyar lissafi F = m * a = 1 kg * 9.81 m / s2 = 9.81 N (a = Haɓaka duniya 9.81 m / s2 1G)

Don haka, 1 N yayi daidai da 1 kg / 9.81 m / s2 = 0.102 kg na ƙarfi.

3500 N * 0.102 = 357 kilogiram mai ƙarfi wanda ke tura motar zuwa gangara mai tsayi.

Ina fatan waɗannan fewan bayani za su ƙarfafa ilimin ku na dabarun iko da ƙarfin injin.