Duban kunnawa tare da oscilloscope

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don bincikar tsarin ƙonewa na motoci na zamani ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar amfani da su injin gwadawa. Wannan na'urar tana nuna girman yanayin wutar lantarki na tsarin kunnawa, sannan kuma tana ba da bayanai na ainihin lokacin kan bugun bugun wuta, raguwar darajar wutar lantarki, lokacin ƙonewa da ƙarfin walƙiya. A zuciyar mai gwadawa yana kwance dijital oscilloscope, kuma ana nuna sakamakon akan allon kwamfuta ko kwamfutar hannu.

Dabarar ganowa ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa duk wani gazawa a cikin da'irori na farko da na sakandare koyaushe yana nunawa a cikin sigar oscillogram. Yana shafar waɗannan sigogi:

Duban kunnawa tare da oscilloscope

• lokacin kunna wuta;
• crankshaft gudun;
• kusurwa bude maƙura;
• haɓaka darajar matsa lamba;
• abun da ke ciki na cakuda aiki;
• wasu dalilai.

Don haka, tare da taimakon oscillogram, yana yiwuwa a gano ɓarna ba kawai a cikin tsarin kunna wuta ba, har ma a cikin sauran abubuwan da ke tattare da shi. Rushewar tsarin kunna wuta yana kasu kashi na dindindin da na ɗan lokaci (yana faruwa kawai a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin aiki). A cikin shari'ar farko, ana amfani da ma'aunin gwaji na tsaye, a cikin na biyu, wayar hannu da ake amfani da ita yayin da motar ke motsawa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai tsarin kunnawa da yawa, oscillograms da aka karɓa za su ba da bayanai daban-daban. Bari mu yi la'akari da waɗannan yanayi dalla-dalla.

Classic ƙonewa

Yi la'akari da takamaiman misalai na kuskure ta amfani da misalin oscillograms. A cikin ƙididdiga, jadawali na tsarin kunnawa mara kyau ana nuna su a cikin ja, bi da bi, a cikin kore - mai amfani.

Buɗe bayan firikwensin capacitive

Karke a cikin babban igiyar wutar lantarki tsakanin wurin shigarwa na firikwensin capacitive da matosai. A wannan yanayin, ƙarancin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa saboda bayyanar ƙarin tazarar tartsatsi da aka haɗa a cikin jerin, kuma lokacin ƙonewa yana raguwa. A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, tartsatsin baya bayyana kwata-kwata.

Ba a ba da shawarar ba da izinin yin aiki mai tsawo tare da irin wannan raguwa ba, tun da yake zai iya haifar da rushewar babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na abubuwan tsarin kunnawa da kuma lalata wutar lantarki na canji.

Waya karya a gaban firikwensin capacitive

Karyewar waya mai ƙarfi ta tsakiya tsakanin murɗar wuta da wurin shigarwa na firikwensin capacitive. A wannan yanayin, ƙarin tazarar tartsatsi kuma yana bayyana. Saboda haka, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa, kuma lokacin wanzuwarsa yana raguwa.

A wannan yanayin, dalilin da ke haifar da murdiya na oscillogram shi ne, lokacin da fitar da tartsatsin wuta ya kone a tsakanin na'urorin lantarki, kuma yana ƙonewa a layi daya tsakanin iyakar biyu na karya high-voltage waya.

Juriya na babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki tsakanin wurin shigarwa na firikwensin capacitive da tartsatsin tartsatsi ya karu sosai.

Ƙarfafa juriya na babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki tsakanin wurin shigarwa na firikwensin capacitive da matosai. Ana iya ƙara juriyar waya saboda oxidation na lambobin sadarwa, tsufa na madubin, ko amfani da waya mai tsayi da yawa. Saboda karuwar juriya a ƙarshen waya, ƙarfin lantarki ya ragu. Sabili da haka, siffar oscillogram ɗin ya lalace ta yadda wutar lantarki a farkon tartsatsin ya fi ƙarfin wuta a ƙarshen konewa. Saboda wannan, tsawon lokacin ƙona tartsatsin ya zama ya fi guntu.

raguwa a cikin insulation high-voltage shine mafi yawancin raunin sa. Suna iya faruwa tsakanin:

• babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na coil da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake samu na farko na iska na coil ko "ƙasa";
• high-voltage waya da kuma na ciki konewa gidaje;
• murfin mai rarraba wuta da gidaje masu rarrabawa;
• faifan mai rarrabawa da shaft mai rarrabawa;
• "tafiya" na waya mai ƙarfin lantarki da kuma injin konewa na ciki;
• tip ɗin waya da madaidaicin filogi ko gidaje na ingin konewa;
• tsakiyar madugu na kyandir da jikinsa.

yawanci, a cikin yanayin rashin aiki ko kuma a ƙananan lodi na injin konewa na ciki, yana da wahala sosai a sami lalacewar rufi, gami da lokacin bincika injin konewar ciki ta amfani da oscilloscope ko na'urar gwadawa. Saboda haka, motar tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai mahimmanci don rushewar ta bayyana a fili (farawa injin konewa na ciki, buɗe magudanar ba zato ba tsammani, yana aiki a ƙananan revs a matsakaicin nauyi).

Bayan abin da ya faru na fitarwa a wurin lalacewar rufi, halin yanzu yana farawa a cikin da'irar sakandare. Sabili da haka, ƙarfin lantarki akan nada yana raguwa, kuma baya kaiwa darajar da ake buƙata don raguwa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki akan kyandir.

A gefen hagu na adadi, zaku iya ganin samuwar fitar da walƙiya a waje da ɗakin konewa saboda lalacewar babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin kunnawa. A wannan yanayin, injin konewa na ciki yana aiki tare da babban nauyi (regassing).

Fushin insulator ɗin tartsatsin yana da ƙazanta sosai a gefen ɗakin konewa.

Lalacewar insulator na walƙiya a gefen ɗakin konewa. Wannan na iya zama saboda adibas na soot, mai, ragowar man fetur da ƙari mai. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, launi na ajiya akan insulator zai canza sosai. Kuna iya karanta bayanai game da ganewar asali na injunan konewa na ciki ta launi na soot akan kyandir daban.

Gagarumin gurɓata na insulator na iya haifar da tartsatsin ƙasa. A dabi'a, irin wannan fitarwa ba ya samar da ingantaccen ƙonewa na cakuda iska mai ƙonewa, wanda ke haifar da kuskure. Wani lokaci, idan insulator ya zama gurɓatacce, walƙiya na iya faruwa na ɗan lokaci.

Nau'in nau'in bugun jini mai ƙarfi da aka samar ta hanyar wutan lantarki tare da rushewar tsaka-tsaki.

Rushewar insulation interturn na iskar wutan wuta. A yayin da irin wannan rushewar, fitar da tartsatsin wuta yana bayyana ba kawai akan walƙiya ba, har ma a cikin murhun wuta (tsakanin jujjuyawar iskar sa). A dabi'a yana ɗaukar makamashi daga babban fitarwa. Kuma idan aka daɗe ana sarrafa na'urar a wannan yanayin, ƙarin makamashi yana ɓacewa. A ƙananan lodi akan injin konewa na ciki, ƙila ba za a ji raunin da aka kwatanta ba. Duk da haka, tare da karuwa a cikin kaya, injin konewa na ciki na iya fara "troit", rasa iko.

Rata tsakanin tartsatsin wutan lantarki da matsawa

An rage tazarar da ke tsakanin tartsatsin lantarki. Injin konewa na ciki yana aiki ba tare da lodi ba.

An zaɓi tazarar da aka ambata ga kowace mota daban-daban, kuma ya dogara da sigogi masu zuwa:

• matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka haɓaka ta hanyar nada;
• Ƙarfin rufi na abubuwan tsarin;
• matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin konewa a lokacin da ke haskakawa;
• rayuwar sabis ɗin da ake tsammani na kyandir.

Rata tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya yana ƙaruwa. Injin konewa na ciki yana aiki ba tare da lodi ba.

Yin amfani da gwajin ƙonewa na oscilloscope, zaku iya samun rashin daidaituwa a cikin tazara tsakanin fitilu na walƙiya. Don haka, idan nisa ya ragu, to, yuwuwar kunnawa na cakuda man fetur-iska ya ragu. A wannan yanayin, rugujewar yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin rushewa.

Idan rata tsakanin na'urori a kan kyandir ya karu, to, ƙimar ƙarfin raguwa yana ƙaruwa. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da ingantaccen kunnawa na cakuda man fetur, ya zama dole a yi aiki da injin konewa na ciki a ƙaramin kaya.

Lura cewa tsawaita aiki na nada a cikin yanayin inda yake samar da matsakaicin yuwuwar walƙiya, na farko, yana haifar da wuce gona da iri da gazawar sa da wuri, na biyu kuma, wannan yana cike da rugujewar rufi a cikin wasu abubuwa na tsarin ƙonewa, musamman a cikin babban. - ƙarfin lantarki . Hakanan akwai yuwuwar lalacewa ga abubuwan da ke canzawa, wato, transistor na wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba da matsala ga na'urar kunna wuta.

Ƙananan matsawa. Lokacin duba tsarin kunnawa tare da oscilloscope ko na'urar gwajin mota, ana iya gano ƙananan matsawa a ɗaya ko fiye da silinda. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin ƙananan matsawa a lokacin da ke haskakawa, an yi la'akari da matsa lamba gas. A kan haka, matsin iskar gas ɗin da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na tartsatsin filo a lokacin walƙiya shi ma ba a yi la'akari da shi ba. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki don rushewa. Siffar bugun jini baya canzawa, amma girman girman ya canza.

A cikin adadi a hannun dama, kuna ganin oscillogram lokacin da aka yi la'akari da matsa lamba gas a cikin ɗakin konewa a lokacin ƙuruciya saboda ƙananan matsawa ko saboda babban darajar lokacin ƙonewa. Injin konewa na ciki a cikin wannan yanayin yana aiki ba tare da kaya ba.

Tsarin kunna wuta na DIS

Ƙwararrun wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi wanda aka samar ta hanyar lafiyayyen wutan wuta na DIS na ICE guda biyu (rago ba tare da kaya ba).

Tsarin kunna wuta na DIS (Tsarin ƙonewa Biyu) yana da na'urorin kunna wuta na musamman. Sun bambanta da cewa an sanye su da manyan tashoshi biyu masu ƙarfi. Ɗaya daga cikinsu an haɗa shi zuwa farkon ƙarshen ƙaddamarwa na biyu, na biyu - zuwa ƙarshen na biyu na hawan wutar lantarki. Kowane irin wannan nada yana aiki da silinda biyu.

Dangane da sifofin da aka bayyana, tabbatar da kunnawa tare da oscilloscope da kuma cire oscillogram na ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙwanƙwasa wutar lantarki ta amfani da firikwensin DIS masu ƙarfi suna faruwa daban-daban. Wato yana fitar da ainihin karatun oscillogram na ƙarfin fitarwa na nada. Idan coils suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, to ya kamata a lura da muryoyin damped a ƙarshen konewa.

Don gudanar da bincike na tsarin ƙonewa na DIS ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na farko, dole ne a canza yanayin yanayin wutar lantarki a kan iskar farko na coils.

Bayanin Hoto:

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan zagaye na biyu na tsarin ƙonewa na DIS

1. Tunani na lokacin farkon tarin makamashi a cikin wutar lantarki. Ya yi daidai da lokacin buɗe wutar transistor.
2. Tunani na juzu'i na canzawa zuwa yanayin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu a cikin juzu'i na farko na wutar lantarki a matakin 6 ... 8 A. Tsarin DIS na zamani yana da maɓalli ba tare da yanayin iyakancewa na yanzu ba, don haka babu wani yanki na wani yanki. bugun jini mai girma.
3. Rushewar tartsatsin tartsatsin wutar lantarki tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na tartsatsin tartsatsin da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar nada da farkon tartsatsin wuta. Ya yi daidai da lokacin da lokacin rufe wutar transistor na canji.
4. Wurin ƙonewa.
5. Ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta da farkon damped oscillation.

Bayanin Hoto:

Siffar igiyar wutar lantarki a wurin sarrafawar DIS na coil ɗin kunnawa.

1. Lokacin buɗe ikon transistor na canji (farkon tarin makamashi a cikin filin maganadisu na murhun wuta).
2. Yankin juzu'i na canzawa zuwa yanayin iyakance na yanzu a cikin da'irar farko lokacin da na yanzu a cikin iskar farko na wutar lantarki ya kai 6 ... 8 A. A cikin tsarin wutar lantarki na DIS na zamani, masu juyawa ba su da yanayin iyakancewa na yanzu. , kuma, bisa ga haka, babu shiyya 2 akan siginar wutar lantarki na farko da ba ya nan.
3. Lokacin rufe ikon transistor na canji (a cikin da'irar na biyu, a cikin wannan yanayin, raunin tartsatsin tartsatsi yana bayyana tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na tartsatsin tartsatsin da ke aiki da nada kuma tartsatsin ya fara ƙonewa).
4. Tunani na tartsatsin wuta.
5. Tunani na daina walƙiya da kuma farkon damped oscillation.

Ƙunƙarar mutum ɗaya

Ana shigar da tsarin kunna wuta na daidaikun mutane akan yawancin injunan fetur na zamani. Sun bambanta da tsarin gargajiya da tsarin DIS a cikin hakan kowane walƙiya yana ba da sabis ta hanyar murɗaɗɗen wuta ɗaya ɗaya. yawanci, ana shigar da coils a sama da kyandir ɗin. Lokaci-lokaci, ana yin sauyawa ta amfani da wayoyi masu ƙarfi. Coils iri biyu ne - m и sanda.

Lokacin gano tsarin kunnawa ɗaya, ana lura da sigogi masu zuwa:

• kasancewar damped oscillations a ƙarshen ɓangaren wuta na walƙiya tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya;
• tsawon lokacin tarawar makamashi a cikin filin magnetic na wutar lantarki (yawanci, yana cikin kewayon 1,5 ... 5,0 ms, dangane da samfurin na'urar);
• Tsawon lokacin tartsatsin wuta tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya (yawanci, shine 1,5 ... 2,5 ms, dangane da samfurin nada).

Binciken wutar lantarki na farko

Don tantance coil ɗaya ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na farko, kuna buƙatar duba fasalin ƙarfin lantarki a wurin sarrafawar iskar na'urar ta amfani da binciken oscilloscope.

Bayanin Hoto:

Oscillogram na ƙarfin lantarki a wurin sarrafawa na iskar farko na na'ura mai kunnawa mutum mai iya aiki.

1. Lokacin buɗe ikon transistor na canji (farkon tarin makamashi a cikin filin maganadisu na murhun wuta).
2. Lokacin rufe ikon transistor na canji (na yanzu a cikin da'irar farko ta katse ba zato ba tsammani kuma raguwar tartsatsin tartsatsin ya bayyana tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya).
3. Wurin da tartsatsin wuta ke ƙonewa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na filogin.
4. Girgizawar girgiza da ke faruwa nan da nan bayan ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta da ke ƙonewa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya.

A cikin adadi na hagu, zaku iya ganin siginar wutar lantarki a wurin sarrafawar juzu'i na farko na guntun da'ira mai kuskure. Alamar rushewa ita ce rashin damped oscillations bayan ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta tsakanin tartsatsin walƙiya (sashe "4").

Binciken ƙarfin lantarki na biyu tare da firikwensin capacitive

Yin amfani da firikwensin capacitive don samun nau'in igiyar wutar lantarki akan coil ya fi dacewa, tun da siginar da aka samu tare da taimakonsa ya fi dacewa da maimaita yanayin wutar lantarki a cikin zagaye na biyu na tsarin kunnawa da aka gano.

Oscillogram na babban ƙarfin bugun jini na ɗan gajeren kewaye mai lafiya, wanda aka samu ta amfani da firikwensin capacitive.

Bayanin Hoto:

1. Farkon tarin makamashi a cikin filin maganadisu na coil (ya yi daidai da lokaci tare da buɗe ikon transistor na canji).
2. Rushewar tartsatsin tartsatsin da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na filogi da farawar tartsatsin wuta (a daidai lokacin da wutar lantarki ta na'urar ke rufe).
3. Wurin kona tartsatsin tartsatsin wutar lantarki.
4. Girgizawar girgiza da ke faruwa bayan ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na kyandir.

Oscillogram na babban ƙarfin bugun jini na ɗan gajeren kewaye mai lafiya, wanda aka samu ta amfani da firikwensin capacitive. Kasancewar damped oscillations nan da nan bayan rugujewar tartsatsin tartsatsin wutar lantarki tsakanin wayoyin tartsatsin wuta (yankin yana da alamar “2”) sakamakon sifofin ƙira na nada kuma ba alamar karyewa ba ne.

Oscillogram na babban bugun jini na wani ɗan gajeren da'ira mara kyau, wanda aka samu ta amfani da firikwensin capacitive. Alamar rushewa ita ce rashin damped oscillations bayan ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta tsakanin igiyoyin lantarki na kyandir (yankin yana da alamar "4").

Binciken ƙarfin lantarki na biyu ta amfani da firikwensin inductive

Ana amfani da firikwensin inductive lokacin yin bincike akan ƙarfin lantarki na biyu a lokuta inda ba zai yiwu a ɗauki sigina ta amfani da firikwensin capacitive ba. Irin waɗannan muryoyin kunna wuta galibi gajerun keɓaɓɓun igiyoyi ne, ƙanƙantar gajerun madaukai guda ɗaya tare da ginanniyar matakin wutar lantarki don sarrafa iskar farko, da gajerun da'irori guda ɗaya waɗanda aka haɗa su zuwa kayayyaki.

Oscillogram na babban bugun jini na sandar lafiyayyen ɗan gajeren kewaye, wanda aka samu ta amfani da firikwensin inductive.

Bayanin Hoto:

1. Farkon tarin makamashi a cikin filin maganadisu na murhun wuta (ya yi daidai da lokaci tare da buɗewar transistor na wutar lantarki).
2. Rushewar tartsatsin tartsatsin da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na filogi da farawar tartsatsin wuta (lokacin da transistor wutar lantarki ya rufe).
3. Wurin da tartsatsin wuta ke ƙonewa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na filogin.
4. Girgizawar girgiza da ke faruwa nan da nan bayan ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta da ke ƙonewa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya.

Oscillogram na babban ƙarfin bugun jini na sanda mara kyau na ɗan gajeren kewaye, wanda aka samu ta amfani da firikwensin inductive. Alamar gazawa ita ce rashin damped oscillations a ƙarshen lokacin ƙona tartsatsin wutar lantarki tsakanin fitilun fitulu (yankin yana da alamar “4”).

Oscillogram na babban ƙarfin bugun jini na sanda mara kyau na ɗan gajeren kewaye, wanda aka samu ta amfani da firikwensin inductive. Alamar gazawa ita ce rashin muryoyin murɗawa a ƙarshen tartsatsin wuta tsakanin tartsatsin tartsatsin wuta da ɗan ɗan gajeren lokacin ƙonewa.

ƙarshe

Bincike na tsarin kunna wuta ta amfani da injin gwadawa shine hanyar magance matsala mafi ci gaba. Tare da shi, zaku iya gano ɓarna kuma a matakin farko na faruwarsu. Iyakar abin da ke cikin wannan hanyar bincike shine babban farashin kayan aiki. Don haka, gwajin za a iya yi kawai a tashoshin sabis na musamman, inda akwai kayan aiki da software masu dacewa.