Gasar masana'antar Airbus da Boeing a cikin 2018
Ana hada samfurin jirgin Boeing 777-9X na gaba a masana'antar Everett. Hoton Boeing
A bara, manyan masana'antun guda biyu, Airbus da Boeing, sun ba da wani rikodin rikodi na jiragen sama na kasuwanci 1606 ga kamfanonin jiragen sama kuma sun karɓi oda net 1640. Kadan gaba da Boeing dangane da isarwa da tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara, amma Airbus yana da babban littafin oda. Yawan jiragen da aka yi kwangilar ya karu zuwa raka'a dubu 13,45, wanda a halin da ake ciki yanzu, yana ba da shi tsawon shekaru takwas. Shahararru dai su ne jerin jiragen A320neo da Boeing 737 MAX, wadanda suka samu lakabin jirgin sama mafi tsada a tarihi.
Jirgin sama wani reshe ne na sufuri mai tasowa, amma yana buƙatar kashe kuɗi mai yawa da ƙwararrun ma'aikata. A duk faɗin duniya, ayyukan sufurin jiragen sama sama da dubu biyu ne ke aiwatar da su tare da jigilar mutane dubu 29,3. jirgin sama. Yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na karuwa sannu a hankali, yayin da adadin fasinjojin ya ninka sau biyu a cikin 'yan shekaru. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da ci gaba da ci gaba, dole ne jiragen ruwa su kara girma. Bugu da kari, tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli da hauhawar farashin man jiragen sama na tilasta wa dillalai su daina jigilar jirage marasa tsada. An kiyasta cewa a cikin shekaru 37,4 da suka wuce za su sayi manyan jiragen sama dubu 5,8 kadai. guda, darajar dala tiriliyan 1870. Wannan yana nufin cewa masana'antun za su ba da jiragen sama XNUMX ga kamfanonin jiragen sama a duk shekara.
Shekaru da yawa, alamun Amurka da Soviet sun mamaye kasuwar masana'anta, tare da Airbus ya shiga cikin rikicin shekaru 47 da suka gabata. Kamfanin kera na Turai ya saba gabatar da jiragen sama na zamani, wadanda suka yi nasara a kasuwanci tare da karfafa matsayinsu a kasuwannin duniya kowace shekara. Gasa da haɗin gwiwa a cikin masana'antar jirgin sama ya bar manyan masana'antun manyan jiragen sadarwa guda biyu kawai: Boeing na Amurka da Airbus na Turai. Kishiyoyinsu labari ne mai ban sha'awa na gwagwarmayar tattalin arziki da fasaha da suka zo don nuna alamar adawar tattalin arziki tsakanin Amurka da Tarayyar Turai.
Ayyukan furodusoshi a cikin 2018
A bara, Airbus da Boeing sun gina jiragen sama na kasuwanci 1606, ciki har da Boeing 806 (kashi 50,2% na kasuwa) da Airbus 800, mafi girma da aka taɓa samu. Idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata, an samar da ƙarin jiragen sama 125 (ƙaramar 8,4%), daga cikinsu: Airbus - 82, Boeing - 43. Mafi girman kaso an lissafta ta kunkuntar-jiki jirgin sama na Airbus A320 da Boeing 737 jerin. daga cikinsu an gina jimillar 1206, wanda ya kai kashi 75% na kayayyaki. Wadannan motoci ne na zamani, masu kare muhalli, wadanda adadinsu ya kai dubu 340. kujerun fasinja. Kimar kasidarsu ta kai kusan dala biliyan 230.
Dukansu masana'antun sun karɓi umarni don jiragen 1921, ciki har da: Boeing - 1090, da Airbus - 831. Duk da haka, la'akari da sokewar 281 daga kwangilar da aka kammala a baya, tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace ya kai 1640 raka'a, wanda: Boeing - 893 da Airbus - 747. A cikin wasu lokuta, dillalai sun canza kwangilolin da suka gabata daga ƙananan ƙira zuwa manyan ko fiye na zamani. Kimar kasida ta oda da aka samu shine dala biliyan 240,2, gami da: Boeing - dala biliyan 143,7, Airbus - dala biliyan 96,5.
A al'ada, an ƙaddamar da adadi mai yawa na kwangila a manyan nunin iska. Misali, a wasan kwaikwayon Farnborough na bara, Boeing ya karɓi umarni ko alkawuran jiragen sama 673 (ciki har da 564 B737 MAX da 52 B787), yayin da Airbus ya sayar da jirage 431, wanda 93 aka tabbatar da oda da alkawura 338. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin kwangilar kwangila sun ƙare a ƙarshen shekara. A cikin yanayin Airbus kadai, an sanya hannu kan kwangilar dauri na jiragen sama 323 a cikin makon da ya gabata na shekara, yayin da a cikin kwata na farko kawai 66. Dalili ɗaya na iya zama sabon jerin farashin da masana'antun suka saba gabatarwa a farkon kowace sabuwar shekara. (Airbus a cikin Janairu 2018 ya haɓaka farashin jeri da matsakaicin 2%, misali A380 ya tashi daga dalar Amurka miliyan 436,9 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 445,6).
A ƙarshen 2018, bayanan baya na kamfanonin biyu sun haɗa da abubuwa 13, waɗanda a matakan samar da kayayyaki na yanzu suna samar da sama da shekaru takwas na samarwa. Wannan shi ne adadi mafi girma a tarihin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama a duniya. An kiyasta darajar lissafin jirgin da aka yi kwangilar ya haura dalar Amurka tiriliyan 450. Don kwatanta, yana da daraja ambata a nan cewa wannan ya ninka sau uku fiye da, misali, GDP na Poland. Airbus yana da littafin oda mafi girma - 2,0 7577 (shari 56%). Daga cikin jiragen da ke jiran siyar da su, mafi girman adadin kunkuntar jiragen sama ya kai dubu 11,2. inji mai kwakwalwa (84% na kasuwa). A gefe guda, mafi girma azuzuwan VLA (fiye da kujeru 400 ko kaya daidai) 111 ne kawai, kuma waɗannan su ne mafi yawan Airbus A380.
Sakamakon samar da Airbus
Duk da manyan ƙalubalen aiki, Airbus ya sami nasarar kiyaye wannan yanayin, yana ƙara haɓaka samarwa da kuma isar da adadin jiragen sama ga abokan ciniki a cikin 2018. Ina so in bayyana sha'awata da girmamawa ga kungiyoyinmu a duniya. Muna bin wannan sakamakon ne saboda kokarin da suke yi da aiki tukuru har zuwa kwanakin karshe na shekara. Hakazalika muna jin daɗin adadin sabbin umarni, saboda wannan yana nuna kyakkyawan yanayin kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama da kuma amanar da ƴan kwangilar mu suka ba mu. Ina so in gode musu da ci gaba da goyon bayan da suke bayarwa. "Yayin da muke neman hanyoyin da za su ba mu damar kara inganta ingancin masana'antunmu, muna ci gaba da ba da fifiko wajen daidaita kasuwancinmu," in ji Guillaume Faury, shugaban kamfanin jiragen sama na Airbus Commercial Aircraft, yana sanar da sakamakon bara.
Shekarar da ta gabata wata shekara ce mai kyau ga Airbus. Kamfanin na Turai ya ba da jiragen sama 93 ga masu aiki 800, wanda ke wakiltar 49,8% na kasuwannin duniya na masu kera jiragen da ke da damar kujeru 100 ko fiye. Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun sakamako a tarihin ƙungiyar, da kuma haɓaka na sha shida a jere na samarwa. Idan aka kwatanta da bara, an kera karin jiragen sama 82. Duk da haka, lokacin tantance sakamakon aiki, ya kamata a la'akari da cewa a cikin rabin na biyu na shekara Airbus ya sami hannun jari a kamfanin Kanada wanda ke kerawa da kuma tallata Bombardier CSeries.
A cikin kunkuntar yanki, Airbus ya kafa sabon rikodin duniya don isarwa: 646, sama da 558 a shekarar da ta gabata. Isar da jirage masu fadi da yawa sun kai 142 kuma sun ragu da raka'a 18, adadin A350 da aka gina ya karu da 15, daga raka'a 78 zuwa 93, sannan A330 ya ragu daga raka'a 67 zuwa 49, daga raka'a 380 zuwa 15.
An kiyasta darajar jerin sunayen jirgin da aka gina ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 110, amma ainihin darajar da aka samu bayan shawarwari da rangwame na yau da kullun ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 60-70. Saboda matsaloli tare da injunan A320neo/A321neo da kuma isar da su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi na'urorin jirgin sama, alkalumman watsawa kowane wata sun bambanta sosai. A cikin Janairu, Airbus ya ba da jiragen sama 27, a watan Fabrairu - 38, a cikin Maris - 56, a cikin Disamba - 127.
Jirgin da aka ba wa masu aiki (raka'a 800) sun kasance cikin gyare-gyare masu zuwa: A220-100 - 4 raka'a, A220-300 - 16, A319ceo - 8, A320ceo - 133, A320neo - 284, A321ceo - 99, A321 - . 102 - 330, A200-14 - 330, A300-32 - 330, A900-3 - 350, A900-79 - 350 da A1000 - 14. Mafi yawan abokan cinikin da suka karbi sabon jirgin sama kai tsaye daga masana'anta sune kamfanonin jiragen sama daga yankuna: Asiya da tsibirin Pacific - 380, Turai - 12 da Arewa da Kudancin Amirka. - 270. Bugu da ƙari, 135 jiragen sama (110% kashi) an samu ta hanyar kamfanonin haya, wanda aka rarraba su zuwa kimanin dozin masu aiki a duniya.
Kamfanin na Turai ya karbi umarni daga masu aiki 32 don jiragen 831, ciki har da: 712 kunkuntar jirgin sama (135 A220-300, 5 A319ceo, 22 A319neo, 19 A320ceo, 393 A320neo, 2 A321ceo136 da 321) (37 A330 6 -330, 200 A3-330, 300 A8-330 da 800 A20-330), 900 A62 (350 A61-350 da 900 A1-350) da 1000 A20. A farashin jeri, ƙimar odar da aka samu ita ce dalar Amurka biliyan 380. Koyaya, Airbus ya rubuta sokewar 117,2 na jiragen sama da aka saya a baya tare da kasida ta dala biliyan 84. Batun ritaya shi ne: 20,7 A36 jirgin sama, 320 A10 jirgin sama, 330 A22 jirgin sama da 350 A16 jerin jiragen sama. Yin la'akari da gyare-gyaren da aka yi, tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace ya kai raka'a 380 (kasuwancin kasuwa 747%). Wannan kuma kyakkyawan sakamako ne kuma ɗayan mafi kyawun tarihin kera jiragen sama. Ƙimar ƙimar umarni da aka samu ita ce dala biliyan 45,5. Sakamako na bara ya ragu da kashi 96,5% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata (25). Jirgin sama na A1109neo ya ci gaba da zama sananne sosai, tare da tsari mai kyau na raka'a 320. Wannan samfurin ya tabbatar da taken "mafi kyawun siyarwar jirgin sama a tarihi", yayin da A531 da A330 mai fadi da yawa sun ji daɗin ƙarancin sha'awa daga masu jigilar kaya.
