Kashi kashi na man inji
Rarraba mai
Dangane da hanyar samun mai don injunan ƙonewa na ciki, sun kasu kashi 3:
- Ma'adinai (man fetur)
An samu ta hanyar tace mai kai tsaye sannan kuma a raba alkanes. Irin wannan samfurin ya ƙunshi cikakken hydrocarbons har zuwa 90% rassan. Yana da alaƙa da ɗimbin tarwatsewar paraffins (haɓaka nau'ikan ma'aunin ƙwayoyin cuta na sarƙoƙi). A sakamakon haka: mai mai yana da rashin kwanciyar hankali kuma baya riƙe danko yayin aiki.
- Roba
Samfur na petrochemical kira. Kayan albarkatun kasa shine ethylene, wanda, ta hanyar polymerization na catalytic, ana samun tushe tare da madaidaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta da kuma dogon sarƙoƙi na polymer. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a sami mai mai ta hanyar hydrocracking ma'adinai analogues. Ya bambanta da halayen aiki marasa canzawa a tsawon rayuwar sabis.
- Semi-roba
Yana wakiltar cakuda ma'adinai (70-75%) da mai na roba (har zuwa 30%).
Bugu da ƙari, mai tushe, samfurin da aka gama ya haɗa da kunshin abubuwan ƙari waɗanda ke daidaita danko, wanka, watsawa da sauran kaddarorin ruwa.
An gabatar da babban abun da ke ciki na ruwan lubricating motor a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
| Kayan aiki | Kashi |
| Tushen asali (cikakkun paraffins, polyalkylnaphthalenes, polyalphaolefins, alkylbenzenes na layi, da esters) |
~ 90% |
| Kunshin ƙari (masu ƙarfafa danko, masu karewa da ƙari na antioxidant) | Har zuwa 10% |
Haɗin mai a cikin kashi dari
Tushen abun ciki ya kai 90%. Ta hanyar sinadarai, ana iya bambanta ƙungiyoyin mahadi masu zuwa:
- Hydrocarbons (iyakance alkenes da unsaturated aromatic polymers).
- Complex ethers.
- Polyorganosiloxanes.
- Polyisoparaffins (spatial isomers na alkenes a cikin nau'in polymer).
- Halogenated polymers.
Irin wannan ƙungiyoyi na mahadi suna yin har zuwa 90% ta nauyin samfurin da aka gama kuma suna ba da lubricating, detergent da halaye masu tsabta. Koyaya, kaddarorin man mai ba su cika cika buƙatun aiki ba. Don haka, cikakken paraffins a yanayin zafi mai zafi suna haifar da ajiyar coke a saman injin. Esters sun sha hydrolysis don samar da acid, wanda ke haifar da lalata. Don ware irin waɗannan tasirin, ana gabatar da masu gyara na musamman.
Kunshin ƙari - abun ciki da abun ciki
Rabon masu gyara a cikin mai shine 10%. Akwai shirye-shirye da yawa "ƙarin fakiti" waɗanda suka haɗa da saitin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka sigogin da ake buƙata na mai mai. Mun lissafa mafi mahimmancin haɗin gwiwa:
- Calcium alkylsulfonate mai nauyin nauyin kwayoyin halitta shine kayan wanka. Raba: 5%.
- Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DADTP) - yana kare saman karfe daga iskar shaka da lalacewar injiniya. Abun ciki: 2%.
- Polymethylsiloxane - haɓakar zafi (anti-kumfa) ƙari tare da rabon 0,004%
- Polyalkenylsuccinimide wani abu ne mai tarwatsawa wanda aka haɗa tare da masu hana lalata a cikin adadin har zuwa 2%.
- Polyalkyl methacrylates additives ne na damuwa waɗanda ke hana hazo na polymers lokacin da aka saukar da zafin jiki. Raba: kasa da 1%.
Tare da gyare-gyaren da aka kwatanta a sama, ƙãre roba da Semi-synthetic mai iya ƙunshi demulsifying, matsananci matsa lamba da sauran additives. Jimlar adadin fakitin masu gyara baya wuce 10-11%. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan mai na roba an yarda su ƙunshi abubuwan ƙari har zuwa 25%.
