Ka'idar aiki da ƙa'idar aiki na Audi Quattro

Shahararren injin 4X4 Quattro ... Wanene bai san wannan suna ba, ya shahara tsakanin masoyan kyawawan motoci? Koyaya, idan wannan sunan ya kusan zama almara, kuna buƙatar yin la’akari da abin da ya ƙunsa, saboda wani lokacin akwai bambanci mai kyau tsakanin Quattro da Quattro!

Don haka za mu ga ire -iren tsarin Quattro da ke kan motocin Volkswagen Group, saboda eh, wasu Volkswagen suma suna amfana da su. Don haka, akwai manyan tsarukan guda uku: ɗaya don injin a tsaye na gaba, wani don injunan tsayin tsayi na baya (da wuya, R8, Gallardo, Huracan…)

Yadda nau'ikan Quattro daban-daban suke aiki

Yanzu bari mu dubi tsarin gine-gine da aiki na nau'ikan Quattro daban-daban.

Quattro TORSEN don injin tsayi (1987-2010)

A6 tare da motar a tsaye

Torsen a ma'ana yana iyakance bambancin saurin tsakanin axles guda biyu (idan an iyakance shi zuwa 70% to muna iya samun rarraba karfin juzu'i na 30% / 70% ko 70% / 30%).

ciniki: m / dindindin

Watsawa пара kafin / raya : 50% - 50%

(tare da madaidaicin gogayya tsakanin gatari na gaba da na baya)

Daidaitowa : daga 33% / 67% (ko don haka 67% / 33%) zuwa 20% / 80% (ko 80% / 20%) ya danganta da sigar Torsen (dangane da siffar hakora da giyar da Torsen yayi nazari)

Kalubale: Iyakance zamiya tsakanin gaba da baya domin ku iya fita daga wuraren da ake santsi.

Ga kadan daga cikin Torsen na ciki, tsarinsa yana hana ɗayan bangarorin biyu juyawa ba tare da motsa ɗayan ba, sabanin bambancin al'ada. A nan, motar tana jujjuya dukkan gidaje masu ban sha'awa (wanda aka haskaka a cikin launin toka), wanda ke da raƙuman ruwa guda biyu (gaba da ƙafafun baya) da aka haɗa da juna ta hanyar gears don iyakance bambancin gudun tsakanin su (sanannen iyakataccen zamewa).

Wannan canja wuri ne m wanda saboda haka yana watsa karfin juyi akan axles

barga gaba da baya

.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana farawa daga injin, ana watsa shi zuwa akwatin, sa'an nan kuma duk yana zuwa farkon Torsen iyakance zamewa bambanci (TorSat to Torcewa Senwaka). Daga wannan bambancin muna komawa baya da baya a cikin tsaga 50/50. Ba shi yiwuwa a cire haɗin gaba ko gaba gaba a nan, ƙafa huɗu koyaushe suna karɓar ƙarfi, har ma da ƙarami. Bambancin Torsen zai kasance (Ba zan iya tabbatarwa a halin yanzu ba) ɗan ɗan bambanta da layin SUVs na alatu (ɗan dacewa da ƙetare): Touareg, Q7, Cayenne.

Dukansu na gaba da na baya suna da madaidaicin bambanci (babu iyakancewa) wanda ke rarraba juzu'i tsakanin ƙafafun hagu da dama. Amma akwai wasu ingantattun sifofi na Quattro waɗanda aka tsara don sigar wasan motsa jiki.

A ƙarshe, za a iya amfani da juzu'i mai ƙarfi a nan ta hanyar ESP tana wasa akan birki, don haka ba shi da haɓaka sosai fiye da jujjuyawar juzu'i na bambancin ra'ayi na Quattro Sport.

Quattro CROWN GEAR (pinion / lebur gear) don motar mai tsayi (2010 -…)

Q7 tare da motar a tsaye

Wannan sigar (tun daga 2010) tana amfani da wani nau'in yanayin canja wuri. Wannan yana ba da damar yin kwaskwarimar dabarun motsa jiki. asymmetric tsakanin axles daban-daban saboda da yawa ko žasa mahimmanci toshewar kama mai danko.

A kowane hali, wannan shine watsawa na dindindin wanda zai watsa kullun zuwa gaba da baya (kodayake ba shakka ana iya canza yanayin juzu'i tsakanin axles dangane da kamawa, amma koyaushe za a sami ma'aura biyu waɗanda zasu faru akan kowane ɗayan su) ...

ciniki: m / dindindin

Watsawa пара kafin / raya : 60% - 40%

(tare da madaidaicin gogayya tsakanin gatari na gaba da na baya)

Daidaitowa : daga 15% / 85% zuwa 70% / 30% dangane da bambanci a cikin riko tsakanin gaba da raya axles. Wannan yana da asymmetrical, kamar yadda kuke gani daga matakin yiwuwar rarrabawa tsakanin gaba da baya.

Manufar: Yin kwarkwasa da masu siyan BMW ta hanyar bayyana cewa za ku iya

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85% iko a baya (a cikin BMW koyaushe muna 100%)

Ƙararrawa (gidaje) na bambancin (bakar rectangle da ke kewaye da komai) an haɗa shi zuwa tsakiyar axle sanye take da gears na duniya ("ƙananan launin toka mai launin toka" wanda ke haɗa ginshiƙan gaba da baya, don haka yana kaiwa ga axles na gaba da na baya).

Koren shaft ɗin da ke kaiwa zuwa gatari na baya za a iya haɗe shi zuwa ƙararrawa ta hanyar ɗaurin farantin faranti da yawa da ake gani a yankin ruwan lemu. Wannan shine viscometer (yana ba ku damar samun iyakataccen zamewa, in ba haka ba wani bambance-bambance na asali wanda ba ya hana zamewa): haɗin kai tsakanin kore da launin toka clutches yana faruwa idan akwai bambanci a cikin sauri (wannan shine ka'idar clutch viscous, mai a cikin gidan yana fadada lokacin da mai tsanani, wanda ya ba da damar). clutches don haɗuwa tare saboda silicone yana faɗaɗa lokacin zafi, kuma bambancin saurin da ke tsakanin clutches yana haifar da tashin hankali wanda ke zafi da man silicone). Wannan yana haifar da ƙararrawa daban-daban zuwa ma'aurata zuwa madaidaicin axle na baya idan akwai bambanci cikin sauri tsakanin su biyun.

Rarraba na farko shine 60 (baya) / 40 (gaba) saboda gatarin gatari na tsakiya (shunayya) baya taɓa rim ɗin (shuɗi da kore) a wuri ɗaya (mafi ciki don shuɗi = 40). % ko fiye a waje don kore = 60%). Ƙarfin ya bambanta da tushe saboda akwai tasiri daban -daban.

Duk iko yana tafiya ta hanyar baƙar fata wanda ke ƙetare kan shuɗin shuɗi (yana kaiwa zuwa gatarin gaba). Wannan yana jujjuya gatarin da aka haɗa da mahalli daban, sabili da haka hasken rana. Waɗannan kayan aikin na rana suna da alaƙa da madaurin lebur (shuɗi da kore "flywheels").

Idan saurin tsakanin rami na baya da mahalli daban -daban ya yi kauri, silicone: makullan suna manne da juna, kuma a sakamakon haka, za a haɗa madaurin motar kai tsaye zuwa gindin baya (ta hanyar kararrawa da aka haɗa da injin, amma kuma za ta koma ga gatari na baya idan haɗe -haɗe mai ɗorewa ya shiga A wannan yanayin, muna da 85% don gindin baya da 15% don gindin gaba (halin da ake ciki = asarar raguwa a kan gatarin gaba).

Ka'idar sama da yin aiki a ƙasa.

Daban-daban Crown Gear - Audi Emotion Club AUDIclopedia

Quattro Ultra (2016 - ...)

ciniki: mai aiki / ba na dindindin ba

Watsawa пара kafin / raya : 100% - 0%

(tare da madaidaicin gogayya tsakanin gatari na gaba da na baya)

Daidaitowa : daga 100% / 0% zuwa 50% / 50%

Manufa; Bayar da duk abin hawa da ke iyakance amfani zuwa matsakaicin, koda kuwa yana nufin sadaukar da martabar na'urorin da suka gabata.

Yanayin jan hankali, mafi yawan lokaci (kamar Haldex), babban burin shine a rage yawan amfani kuma, mafi mahimmanci, zama mara lahani a kowane wuri.

Wannan sigar ita ce mafi kwanan nan a lokacin wannan rubutun, muna magana ne game da maye gurbin Crow wheel tare da na'urar da ba za a iya raba ta ba. Wannan na ƙarshe yana iya lalata juzu'in baya don samun damar canzawa zuwa ƙoƙarin tractive, sabili da haka ba shine watsawa ta dindindin ba ... Don haka tsarin yana da yawa kamar Haldex, amma Audi yana yin komai don sa mu yi tunani game da shi azaman kadan kamar yadda zai yiwu. gwargwadon iko (alamar da ke sane da darajar Haldex mafi ƙarancin daraja idan aka kwatanta da Torsen da Crown Gear). Hakanan akwai makulli guda biyu a kowane gefen gatari na baya don raba tsakiyar cibiyar, kamar yadda jujjuya shi (koda a cikin injin) yana buƙatar makamashi. Babban banbanci shine Torsen / Crown Gear yana dorewa kuma yana da ɗorewa sosai, yayin da wannan tsarin ke buƙatar sarrafa shi ta kwamfutar da aka haɗa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Sabili da haka, yana da ƙarancin abin dogaro, amma kuma yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar yadda fayafai na iya yin zafi (an kuma iyakance shi zuwa 500 Nm na karfin juyi, sabanin na gargajiya Quattro tare da Torsen).

Wannan na'urar tana da mamaki kusa da tsarin Porsche da ke kan Macan, koda kuwa samfuran suna yin komai don lalata ruwa kuma suna ɗaukar cewa ba su da wani abu gama gari (a zahiri, wannan ba gaskiya bane, kayan don abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya ne. kuma sau da yawa har ma ZF. wanda ke tsara komai) ... Bugu da ƙari, kusan wannan ka'ida ce, sai dai bambancin Porsche yana ba da damar yin amfani da raguwa ko raguwa (tashin hankali kawai ko 4X4 akan Quattro Ultra tare da bambancin faifan multi-disc mai sauyawa) .

A cikin hanyar aiki, zamu iya cewa wannan shine cikakken kishiyar XDrive, kamar yadda na'urar BMW ta ci gaba da haɗa injin zuwa baya kuma, idan ya cancanta, yana haɗa axle na gaba zuwa watsawa. Anan gaban axle koyaushe yana haɗawa kuma, idan ya cancanta, ana haɗa axle na baya zuwa sarkar watsawa kuma yana ɗaukar 50% na juzu'i.

Lokacin da aka gano asarar gogayya a kan gatari na baya, an haɗa ramin axle na baya zuwa sarkar watsawa.

Anan ne sanannen mai iya canzawa "daban-daban" (ja - kama)? Abin takaici, an iyakance shi zuwa 500 Nm na karfin juyi, wanda ke tabbatar da ƙarancin ja idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar tsohuwar Quattro tare da Torsen.

2018 Audi Q5 quattro Ultra YADDA SABON AIKIN KUlle TSAKIYA - Audi [Tsohon Torsen] DABAN AWD

Quattro don motar motsa jiki

Q3 moto mai jujjuyawa

ciniki: mai aiki / ba na dindindin ba

Watsawa пара kafin / raya : 100% - 0%(tare da madaidaicin gogayya tsakanin gatari na gaba da na baya)

Daidaitowa : daga 100% / 0% zuwa 50% / 50%

Manufa: Don samun damar bayar da tuƙi huɗu a kan ƙananan motocin ƙungiyar godiya ga mai ƙera kayan aikin Haldex / Borgwarner.

Anan Audi TT ne, amma iri ɗaya ne ga kowa da kowa.

Haldex 5. Generation - Yadda yake aiki

Komai ya bambanta a nan, tunda muna ma'amala da tsarin gine -gine gaba ɗaya. Tsarin juzu'i yana inganta sararin da ke akwai a cikin abin hawa a kan ma'aunin abin hawa (tuna cewa a nan muna mantawa game da manyan tubalan da manyan, watsawa da ƙarfi!).

A takaice, komai, kamar koyaushe, yana farawa tare da injin konewa / akwati na ciki. A fitarwa, muna da bambanci wanda ke jujjuyawa gaba ɗaya kuma yana fitar da tsakiyar sashin watsawa ta hanyar kayan aikin da aka nuna a zane a cikin shunayya. Don haka, an rarrabu da bambancin gaban gaba zuwa sassa biyu don ƙafafun hagu da dama.

A ƙarshen hanyar watsawa da ke haɗa gaba da baya shine sanannen Haldex, don haka rigima ga masu sanin yakamata. Tabbas, kowa (ko a'a, mutanen da ke sha'awar motoci) sun san jarumi Haldex / Torsen da kyau ...

A gaskiya ma, Torsen da Haldex ba su damu da cewa ɗayan yana da iyakanceccen bambance-bambancen zamewa ba kuma ɗayan shine tsarin clutch multi-plated clutch (hydroelectric), wanda saboda haka yayi ƙoƙari ya taka rawa na bambanci.

A cikin wannan daidaitawar, motar ba za ta iya samun fiye da 50% na karfin juyi a gatarin baya ba, kuma wannan yana da sauƙin fahimta ta kallon hoton da ke sama.

Bugu da ƙari, aikin galibi ana yin shi ne a cikin yanayin traction, kuma za a iya rufe gaba ɗaya ba tare da samun ƙarin ƙarfin juyi ba: Haldex ya rabu kuma babu sauran haɗin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyar tsakiya da bambancin baya.

Menene bambanci tsakanin Haldex / Torsen?

Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su yana da mahimmanci. Torsen wani nau'i ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke aiki da injiniyanci da cin gashin kansa. Yana ba da juzu'i akai-akai akan duka axles (ƙarfin ƙarfi ya bambanta amma koyaushe ana canjawa da ƙarfi zuwa duk ƙafafun). Haldex yana buƙatar kwamfuta da masu kunnawa don aiki, kuma babban aikinsa shine yin aiki a cikin martani.

Yayin da Torsen ke gudana a duk lokacin, Haldex yana jira don asarar haɓakawa kafin yin aiki, yana haifar da ƙananan ƙarancin lokaci wanda ya rage yadda ya dace.

Bugu da ƙari, ba kamar Torsen ba, wannan tsarin yana yin zafi da sauri saboda rikicewar fayafai: sabili da haka, a ka'idar, ba shi da dorewa.

Quattro Sport / Vector graphics / Torque vector

Kalubale: Don haɓaka aikin motar mota da iyakance ƙarancin abin da Audi ya haifar (injin sa yayi nisa sosai).

Akwai ko dai Torsen ko Crown Gear daban a nan.

Wasannin Quattro ya ƙunshi bambancin wasanni da aka gyara a baya. Lallai, na ƙarshe yana ba mu damar ba da shawarar shahararren nau'in vector (wanda yawanci muke sani da Turanci: Torque Vectoring. Danna nan don ƙarin koyo game da aikin).

Ƙarshen ya ƙunshi nau'ikan faranti da yawa da kayan aikin duniya waɗanda aka shirya cikin karkace.

Danna nan don ƙarin bayani

Juyin Halittar Quattro: kira

Juyin Juya Halin Quattro: a bref

Ban da motoci masu ƙetare ko na baya, tsarin Quattro yanzu yana cikin ƙarni na shida. Sabili da haka, yana ƙunshe da rayar da duk ƙafafun motar tare da taimakon hanyoyin watsawa da bambance -bambancen da yawa.

Farkon ƙarni na farko ya bayyana a farkon 80s (daidai 81), yana da bambance -bambancen 3: ɗaya a cikin gaban gaba, biyu a tsakiya da baya, wanda za a iya kulle (ba tare da zamewa ko daidaitawa ba, yana kulle).

Wannan ya kasance a cikin ƙarni na biyu, lokacin da Torsen ya ƙunshi bambancin cibiyar, iyakance ƙuntataccen zamewa kuma ba shine kawai kulle daban. Wannan sannan yana ba da damar daidaita gaban / na baya don daidaitawa tsakanin 25% / 75% ko akasin haka (75% / 25%) maimakon toshe 50/50 kamar na ƙarni na farko.

Sa'an nan kuma an gayyace Torsen zuwa ga axle na baya daga ƙarni na uku, sanin cewa an yi amfani da ƙarshen a kan 8 Audi V1988 (wannan shine A8 na gaba, amma har yanzu ba a sami suna ba).

Tsarin ƙarni na huɗu ya ɗan ɗanɗana tattalin arziƙi (ba wai kawai samar da limousines na alatu kamar Audi V8 ba) tare da madaidaicin bambancin baya (wanda za a iya kulle ta hanyar lantarki, saboda haka birki ta hanyar ESP).

Ta haka tsarin ya ɓullo, yana riƙe falsafanci iri ɗaya har zuwa yau ta hanyar inganta ikon Torsen na yau da kullun don canza juzu'in da aka watsa tsakanin gaba da baya (yanzu har zuwa 85% na inji akan axle har ma da 100% godiya ga aikin ESP a kan birki. sanya shi kusan abin jin daɗi don sarrafa tsarin kamar yadda zai kasance tare da injin wutar lantarki mai tsabta).

Sannan bambancin wasan ya zo (wanda aka ɗora a kan gatari, ba bambancin gaba / baya bane, amma hagu / dama) akan zaɓi na baya na zaɓi ko akan wasu motocin wasanni (S5, da sauransu). Wannan sanannen fasahar jujjuyawar juzu'i ne wanda ya shahara tsakanin duk masana'antun ƙira, ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da Quattro ba.

Daga nan sai Quattro Ultra ya zo (koyaushe muna magana game da motocin da aka ƙera na dogon lokaci), waɗanda aka tsara don rage yawan mai. Babu ƙarin watsawa na dindindin, ana iya raba shi gaba ɗaya (a bayyane axle na baya) don adana makamashi.

Don haka, idan muka taƙaita (sanin cewa ƙaddamar da kwanakin ba koyaushe ba ne a bayyane, saboda lokacin na iya haɗawa da motoci tare da al'ummomi da yawa na Quattro. Misali: a cikin 1995, an sayar da Audi tare da Quattro 2, 3 ko 4 ...):

• Juriya 1 Quattro: 1981 - 1987
• Karni na biyu na Quattro Torsen: 2 - 1987
• Generation 3 Torsen Quattro: 1988 - 1994 (kawai akan kakannin A8: Audi V8)
• Karni na biyu na Quattro Torsen: 4 - 1994
• Karni na biyu na Quattro Torsen: 5 - 2005
• Quattro 6th Generation Crown Gear: tun 2011
• Ƙarshen Quattro 7 Ultra (daidai da ƙarni na 6): daga 2016

Juyin Halitta na Quattro Transversal: en bref

Ƙungiyar Audi/Volkswagen kuma tana sayar da manyan motocin da ake amfani da su na giciye (A3, TT, Golf, Tiguan, Touran, da dai sauransu), don waɗannan samfuran ya zama dole a ba da tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu.

Kuma a nan ne ake ba da Quattro don Volkswagen, Seat da Skoda, saboda ba shine ainihin Quattro da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suke so ba.

Idan na'urar ta kasance mai jinkirin amsawa ga farkonta (kunnawar axle na baya), to tun daga lokacin ta ci gaba sosai tare da ƙarni na biyar na yau. Koyaya, a hankali ba shi da rikitarwa kuma an daidaita shi fiye da Quattro don injin tsayin daka wanda aka ƙera don manyan motoci masu tsada. Mutanen Sweden ne suka kirkiro wannan na'ura, ba ta Audi ba.

Haɗin Porsche?

Ko da Porsche yayi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa don murkushe shi, Quattro drivetrains suna da rangwame sosai, idan ba ainihi ba. Da yake magana game da Cayenne, tabbas zamu iya magana game da Quattro. Macan kawai ya maye gurbin Haldex na tsakiya tare da tsarin kusan kama da Quattro Ultra (Torsen mai cirewa). Bambanci a nan shi ne cewa za mu iya aika 100% gaba ko baya, tare da Quattro ultra iyakance don canza motar zuwa motsi. In ba haka ba ya yi kama da na zaɓi na zaɓi na Vectoring rear da kuma PDK gearbox, wanda a zahiri S-Tronic ne (tare da ZF ya kawo). Amma shhh, za a zage ni idan wannan ya fita ...