Yi hasashen annoba kafin ta kama

Algorithm ɗin BlueDot na Kanada ya yi sauri fiye da masana don gane barazanar daga sabon coronavirus. Ya yi wa abokan cinikinsa bayani kan barazanar kwanaki kafin Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta aika da sanarwar hukuma zuwa duniya.

Kamran Khan (1), likita, kwararre kan cututtuka, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na shirin BlueDot, ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da manema labarai yadda wannan tsarin gargadin farko ke amfani da basirar wucin gadi, gami da sarrafa harshe na halitta da koyon injin, don gano ko da cututtuka masu yaduwa guda dari a lokaci guda. Kimanin labarai 100 a cikin yaruka 65 ana nazarin su kowace rana.

1. Kamran Khan da taswirar da ke nuna yaduwar cutar Coronavirus ta Wuhan.

Wannan bayanan yana yiwa kamfanoni sigina lokacin da za su sanar da abokan cinikinsu yuwuwar kasancewar cutar da kuma yaduwar cutar. Sauran bayanai, kamar bayanai game da hanyoyin tafiya da jiragen sama, na iya taimakawa wajen samar da ƙarin bayani game da yuwuwar barkewar fashewa.

Tunanin da ke bayan samfurin BlueDot shine kamar haka. samun bayanai da wuri-wuri ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da fatan za su iya gano cutar - kuma, idan ya cancanta, ware - masu kamuwa da cuta da masu iya yaduwa a farkon matakin barazanar. Khan ya bayyana cewa algorithm ba ya amfani da bayanan kafofin watsa labarun saboda yana da "hargitsi". Koyaya, "bayanan hukuma ba koyaushe suke sabuntawa ba," in ji shi Recode. Kuma lokacin amsawa shine abin da ke da mahimmanci don samun nasarar hana barkewar cutar.

Khan yana aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren cuta a Toronto a cikin 2003 lokacin da abin ya faru. SARS annoba. Ya so ya samar da wata sabuwar hanya ta lura da irin wadannan cututtuka. Bayan gwada shirye-shiryen tsinkaya da yawa, ya ƙaddamar da BlueDot a cikin 2014 kuma ya tara dala miliyan 9,4 a cikin kudade don aikin nasa. Kamfanin a halin yanzu yana ɗaukar ma'aikata arba'in, likitoci da masu shirye-shiryewaɗanda ke haɓaka kayan aikin bincike don bin diddigin cututtuka.

Bayan tattara bayanan da zaɓi na farko, sun shiga wasan manazarta. bayan epidemiology Suna bincika binciken don ingancin kimiyya sannan su ba da rahoto ga gwamnati, kasuwanci, da ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya. abokan ciniki.

Khan ya kara da cewa tsarin nasa na iya amfani da wasu bayanai daban-daban, kamar bayanai game da yanayin wani yanki, yanayin zafi, da ma bayanai game da dabbobin gida, don yin hasashen ko wanda ya kamu da cutar zai iya haifar da barkewar cutar. Ya yi nuni da cewa tun a shekarar 2016, Blue-Dot ta iya hasashen bullar cutar Zika a Florida watanni shida kafin ta yi rajista a yankin.

Kamfanin yana aiki irin wannan kuma yana amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya. Metabiotalura da annobar SARS. Kwararrun ta a lokaci guda sun gano cewa mafi girman hadarin bullar wannan kwayar cutar a kasashen Thailand, Koriya ta Kudu, Japan da Taiwan, kuma sun yi hakan fiye da mako guda kafin a sanar da bullar cutar a wadannan kasashe. An fitar da wasu daga cikin matsayarsu daga nazarin bayanan jirgin fasinja.

Metabiota, kamar BlueDot, yana amfani da sarrafa harshe na halitta don kimanta yiwuwar rahotannin cututtuka, amma kuma yana aiki don haɓaka fasaha iri ɗaya don bayanan kafofin watsa labarun.

Mark Gallivan, Daraktan bayanai na kimiyya na Metabiota, ya bayyana wa kafofin watsa labarai cewa dandamali na kan layi da kuma dandalin tattaunawa na iya nuna haɗarin fashewa. Kwararrun ma'aikatan sun kuma ce suna iya kimanta hadarin wata cuta da ke haifar da tarzomar zamantakewa da siyasa bisa bayanai kamar alamun cututtuka, mace-mace da kuma samun magani.

A cikin shekarun Intanet, kowa yana tsammanin gabatar da bayanai cikin sauri, amintacce kuma mai yuwuwa na gani na bayanai game da ci gaban cutar ta coronavirus, alal misali, ta hanyar taswirar da aka sabunta.

2. Jami'ar Johns Hopkins Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Dashboard.

Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Injiniya a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins ta haɓaka watakila sanannen dashboard na coronavirus a duniya (2). Hakanan ya ba da cikakken saitin bayanai don zazzagewa azaman takaddar Google. Taswirar ta nuna sabbin maganganu, an tabbatar da mutuwar mutane da murmurewa. Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su don hangen nesa sun fito ne daga tushe daban-daban, ciki har da WHO, CDC, China CDC, NHC, da DXY, gidan yanar gizon kasar Sin wanda ke tattara rahotannin NHC da rahotannin halin da ake ciki na CCDC na gida.

Bincike a cikin sa'o'i, ba kwanaki ba

Duniya ta fara jin labarin wata sabuwar cuta da ta bulla a birnin Wuhan na kasar Sin. 31 Disamba 2019 Bayan mako guda, masana kimiyyar kasar Sin sun sanar da cewa sun gano wanda ya aikata laifin. A mako mai zuwa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Jamus sun ƙirƙira gwajin gwaji na farko (3). Yana da sauri, da sauri fiye da na zamanin SARS ko annoba makamantansu kafin da bayan.

Tun farkon farkon shekaru goma da suka gabata, masana kimiyya da ke neman wani nau'in ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari dole ne su girma a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi a cikin jita-jita na Petri. Dole ne ka ƙirƙiri isassun ƙwayoyin cuta don yin ware DNA kuma karanta ka'idar kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar da aka sani da jerin abubuwa. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan dabarar ta haɓaka sosai.

Masana kimiyya ba sa buƙatar haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin sel kuma. Za su iya gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin DNA kai tsaye a cikin huhun majiyyaci ko ɓoyewar jini. Kuma yana ɗaukar sa'o'i, ba kwanaki ba.

Ana ci gaba da aiki don haɓaka ko da sauri kuma mafi dacewa kayan aikin gano ƙwayoyin cuta. Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Veredus na Singapore yana aiki akan kayan aiki mai ɗaukar hoto don ganowa, VereChip (4) zai fara siyarwa daga 1 ga Fabrairu na wannan shekara. Ingantattun hanyoyin magance su kuma za su sa a hanzarta gano wadanda suka kamu da cutar don samun kulawar da ta dace a lokacin da ake tura kungiyoyin likitocin a fagen, musamman idan asibitoci sun cika cunkoso.

Ci gaban fasaha na baya-bayan nan sun ba da damar tattarawa da raba sakamakon bincike cikin lokaci na kusa. Misalin dandamali daga Quidel Sofia Ni tsari ne PCR10 FilmArray Kamfanonin BioFire suna samar da gwaje-gwaje na gaggawa don gano cututtuka na numfashi nan da nan ta hanyar haɗin waya zuwa bayanan bayanai a cikin gajimare.

Masana kimiyyar kasar Sin sun jera kwayoyin halittar kwayar cutar coronavirus na 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) gaba daya kasa da wata guda bayan gano cutar ta farko. Kusan karin ashirin kuma an kammala tun daga jerin na farko. Idan aka kwatanta, cutar ta SARS ta fara ne a ƙarshen 2002, kuma ba a samu cikakkiyar kwayar halittarsa ​​ba har zuwa Afrilu 2003.

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban bincike da alluran rigakafin wannan cuta.

Sabunta Asibiti

5. Robot na likita daga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yankin Providence a Everett.

Abin takaici, sabon coronavirus kuma yana barazana ga likitoci. A cewar CNN. hana yaduwar cutar coronavirus a ciki da wajen asibiti, ma'aikata a Providence Regional Medical Center a Everett, Washington, amfani Aiki (5), wanda ke auna mahimman alamu a cikin keɓe mara lafiya kuma yana aiki azaman dandalin taron bidiyo. Na'urar ba ta wuce kawai mai sadarwa a kan ƙafafun tare da ginanniyar allo ba, amma ba ta kawar da aikin ɗan adam gaba ɗaya ba.

Har yanzu ma'aikatan jinya dole ne su shiga dakin tare da mara lafiya. Har ila yau, suna sarrafa wani mutum-mutumi wanda ba zai iya kamuwa da cuta ba, aƙalla ta fuskar halitta, don haka za a ƙara amfani da na'urorin irin wannan wajen magance cututtuka masu yaduwa.

Tabbas, ana iya rufe ɗakunan, amma kuma kuna buƙatar samun iska don ku iya numfashi. Wannan yana buƙatar sabo tsarin samun iskahana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Kamfanin Finnish Genano (6), wanda ya haɓaka waɗannan nau'ikan fasahohin, ya karɓi oda ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a China. Sanarwar da kamfanin ya fitar ta ce, kamfanin yana da kwarewa sosai wajen samar da kayan aiki don hana yaduwar cututtuka a cikin dakunan da ba su da lafiya da kuma kebabbun asibitoci. A shekarun baya, ta gudanar da kai, da dai sauransu, kai kayan aiki zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a kasar Saudiyya a lokacin da cutar ta MERS ke yaduwa. An kuma isar da na'urorin Finnish don samun iska mai aminci zuwa sanannen asibitin wucin gadi na mutanen da suka kamu da cutar sankara na 2019-nCoV a Wuhan, wanda aka riga aka gina shi cikin kwanaki goma.

6. Tsarin tsarin Genano a cikin insulator

Fasahar haƙƙin mallaka da ake amfani da ita a cikin masu tsarkakewa "tana kawar da kuma kashe dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta masu iska kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta," a cewar Genano. Mai iya ɗaukar ɓangarorin da ba su kai nanometer 3 ba, masu tsabtace iska ba su da matatar injin da za a kula da su, kuma ana tace iska ta hanyar filin lantarki mai ƙarfi.

Wani abin sha'awar fasaha da ya fito yayin barkewar cutar coronavirus shine thermal scanners, da ake amfani da su, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ana ɗaukar masu zazzabi a filayen jirgin saman Indiya.

Intanet - ciwo ko taimako?

Duk da yawan sukar da ake yi na kwafi da yadawa, da yada labaran karya da firgita, kayan aikin kafofin sada zumunta sun taka rawar gani tun bayan barkewar cutar a kasar Sin.

Kamar yadda aka ruwaito, alal misali, ta shafin fasahar China TMT Post, dandalin sada zumunta na kananan bidiyoyi. Douyin, wanda ke daidai da Sinanci na TikTok (7), wanda ya shahara a duniya, ya ƙaddamar da wani yanki na musamman don aiwatar da bayanai game da yaduwar cutar ta coronavirus. Karkashin hashtag #Yaki da ciwon huhu, buga ba kawai bayanai daga masu amfani ba, har ma da rahotannin ƙwararru da shawarwari.

Baya ga wayar da kan jama'a da yada muhimman bayanai, Douyin yana da burin zama wani kayan tallafi ga likitoci da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke yakar cutar, da kuma masu kamuwa da cutar. Manazarci Daniel Ahmad tweeted cewa app ya ƙaddamar da "Jiayou video effect" (ma'ana ƙarfafawa) wanda masu amfani da su ya kamata su yi amfani da su don aika saƙon da ke da kyau don tallafawa likitoci, ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya, da marasa lafiya. Irin wannan nau'in abun ciki kuma sanannen mutane ne, mashahurai da waɗanda ake kira masu tasiri.

A yau, an yi imanin cewa yin nazari a hankali kan abubuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya na hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa na iya taimakawa masana kimiyya da hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sosai don gane da fahimtar hanyoyin yada cututtuka tsakanin mutane.

Wani bangare saboda kafofin watsa labarun sun kasance suna "matukar mahallin da kuma ƙara haɓaka," in ji shi The Atlantic a cikin 2016. Salatin Marseille, wani mai bincike a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Tarayya da ke Lausanne, Switzerland, kuma kwararre a fannin haɓaka da masana kimiyya ke kira. "Digital Epidemiology". Koyaya, a yanzu, in ji shi, masu bincike har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin fahimtar ko kafofin watsa labarun suna magana ne game da matsalolin kiwon lafiya waɗanda a zahiri ke nuna al'amuran annoba ko a'a (8).

8. Sinawa suna daukar hoton selfie da abin rufe fuska.

Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen farko game da wannan ba a sani ba. Tuni a cikin 2008, injiniyoyin Google sun ƙaddamar da kayan aikin hasashen cuta - Google Flu Trends (GFT). Kamfanin ya shirya yin amfani da shi don nazarin bayanan injin bincike na Google don alamomi da kalmomin sigina. A lokacin, ta yi fatan za a yi amfani da sakamakon daidai kuma nan da nan gane "shari'a" na mura da dengue barkewar - makonni biyu kafin Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka. (CDC), wanda aka yi la'akari da bincike mafi kyau a fagen. Koyaya, sakamakon Google na farkon gano cutar mura a Amurka da kuma zazzabin cizon sauro a Tailandia ana ganin ba daidai ba ne.

Dabaru da tsarin da ke “fansa” al’amura daban-daban, gami da. kamar fashewar tarzoma ko annoba, Microsoft ya kuma yi aiki, wanda a cikin 2013, tare da Cibiyar Technion ta Isra'ila, sun kaddamar da wani shirin hasashen bala'i dangane da nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin kafofin watsa labaru. Tare da taimakon vivisation na kanun labarai da yawa, "hankalin kwamfuta" dole ne ya gane barazanar zamantakewa.

Masana kimiyya sun yi nazari kan wasu jerin abubuwan da suka faru, kamar bayanai game da fari a Angola, wanda ya haifar da hasashe a cikin tsarin hasashen yiwuwar barkewar cutar kwalara, yayin da suka sami alaƙa tsakanin fari da karuwar cutar. An ƙirƙiri tsarin tsarin ne bisa nazarin wallafe-wallafen New York Times, tun daga 1986. Ƙarin haɓakawa da kuma tsarin ilmantarwa na inji ya haɗa da amfani da sababbin albarkatun Intanet.

Ya zuwa yanzu, dangane da nasarar da BlueDot da Metabiota suka samu a cikin hasashen cututtukan cututtuka, ana iya jarabtar mutum ya gama da cewa ingantaccen hasashen yana yiwuwa da farko bisa bayanan “cantattun”, watau. ƙwararru, tabbatattu, tushe na musamman, ba hargitsi na Intanet da al'ummomin tashar ba.

Amma watakila duk game da mafi wayo algorithms da ingantacciyar koyon inji?