Sabbin tsare-tsaren jiragen sama na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland

Jirgin MiG-21 ya kasance jirgin yaki mafi yaduwa na jirgin saman sojan Poland a cikin shekarun 70s, 80s da 90s. Hoton ya nuna MiG-21MF yayin wani atisaye a kan titin filin jirgin sama. Hoto daga R. Rohovich

A shekara ta 1969, an tsara wani shiri don haɓaka jirgin sama na sojan Poland har zuwa 1985. Bayan shekaru goma, a farkon shekarun saba'in da tamanin, an shirya tsarin tsarin ƙungiya da maye gurbin kayan aiki, wanda za a fara aiwatar da shi a hankali har sai an fara aiwatar da shi har sai an kammala shi. tsakiyar shekarun casa'in.

A cikin shekaru goma na 80s, jirgin sama na Sojoji na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland, i.e. Dakarun tsaron saman kasa (NADF), na sama da na ruwa, sun dauki nauyin yanke shawarar da aka yanke na maye gurbin samar da hare-hare da jiragen leken asiri da kuma kallon raguwar adadin mayakan. A kan takarda, komai yana da kyau; Tsarin ƙungiyoyi sun kasance barga, har yanzu akwai motoci da yawa a cikin raka'a. Duk da haka, halayen fasaha na kayan aiki ba su yi ƙarya ba, da rashin alheri, yana tsufa kuma ya ragu kuma ya yi daidai da ka'idodin da ke bayyana zamani a cikin jirgin sama na yaki.

Tsohon shirin - sabon shiri

Binciken aiwatar da shirin raya kasa na 1969 daga mahangar shekaru goma da suka gabata bai yi kyau ba. An yi gyare-gyaren da suka wajaba a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyi, an ƙarfafa yajin aikin jirgin sama da kuɗin jirgin sama. An sake tsara jigilar jiragen sama na taimakon jiragen sama saboda gagarumin ƙarfafawar sojojin sama na sojojin ƙasa (helicopters). Ma'aikatan jirgin sun sake zama babban hasara, tun da jirgin nasu na ruwa bai sami sake gina gine-gine ba ko ƙarfafa kayan aiki. Abu na farko da farko.

Tare da na gaba janye batches na Lim-2, Lim-5P da kuma Lim-5 jirgin sama (a cikin tsarin lokaci), an rage yawan sojojin rundunonin soja. A wurinsu, an sayi gyare-gyare na MiG-21, wanda ya mamaye jirgin saman soja na Poland a cikin 70s. Abin baƙin ciki, duk da zato sanya a cikin wannan shekaru goma, don kawar da gaba daya subsonic raka'a, ba tare da radar gani da kuma Lim-5 shiryar da makami mai linzami makamai, wanda a 1981 har yanzu akwai duka biyu a cikin Air Force (daya tawagar a cikin 41st PLM) da kuma VOK. (har ila yau squadron ɗaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na 62nd PLM OPK). Kawai isar da MiG-21bis don tsarin na biyu (34th PLM OPK) da kuma kammala samar da wani (28th PLM OPK) MiG-23MF ya ba da izinin canja wurin kayan aiki da canja wurin ƙarshe na Lim-5 zuwa sassan horo da yaƙi.

Yajin aikinmu da binciken jirgin sama kuma ya dogara ne akan gyare-gyaren Lima na 70s na gaba. An kara masu shiga tsakani na Lim-6M da Lim-6P zuwa mayaƙan Lim-5bis da ke tashi a ƙasa bayan sake fasalin da ya dace. Saboda tsadar saye, Su-7 fighter-Bombers an kammala su a cikin runduna ɗaya kawai (3rd plmb), da waɗanda suka gaje su, watau. Su-20s an kammala su a matsayin runduna biyu a matsayin wani bangare na 7th Bomb da Leken asiri Brigade na jirgin sama a maimakon janye bama-bamai Il-28.

Sai ya zama cewa mafi fasaha na zamani da kuma da yawa mafi tsada kayayyakin shigo da mafi girma kewayo da kuma dauke da damar haɗe makamai, amma duk da haka su ba motocin iya karya ta hanyar iska kariya daga abokan gaba, da umurnin na hadin gwiwa sojojin na Warsaw Pact. (ZSZ OV) ya nuna fa'idarsu kawai - ikon ɗaukar bama-bamai na nukiliya. Rundunar Sojan Sama ta yanke shawarar cewa yana da kyau a sami ƙarin motoci masu rahusa, saboda godiya ga wannan mun cika ka'idodin ƙarfin da “shugabanci” ƙawance suka ayyana.

Haka yake da jirgin leken asiri, mafi ƙarancin ƙawance na raka'a biyu ya cika, amma kayan aikin ba su da kyau sosai. Akwai isassun sha'awa da kuɗi don siyan MiG-21R don ƙungiyoyin leken asiri uku kawai. A tsakiyar 70s, KKR-1 pallets kawai aka saya don Su-20. Sauran ayyukan an gudanar da su ta hanyar binciken manyan bindigogi SBlim-2Art. An yi fatan cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa kuma zai yiwu a adana sayayya a cikin USSR ta hanyar gabatar da sabon ƙirar gida a cikin sabis. An yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hari-bincike da bambance-bambancen bindigogi ta hanyar haɓaka mai horar da jet na TS-11 Iskra. Har ila yau, akwai ra'ayin wani sabon zane, wanda aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin sunan M-16, ya kamata ya zama jirgin sama mai girma, jirgin sama na yaki da tagwaye. An yi watsi da ci gabansa don neman jirgin saman iskra-22 (I-22 Irida).

Hakanan a cikin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, haɓaka ƙididdigewa ba koyaushe yana bin haɓakar inganci ba. A cikin shekarun 70s, yawan rotorcraft ya karu daga +200 zuwa +350, amma wannan ya zama mai yiwuwa saboda samar da samfurin Mi-2 a cikin Svidnik, wanda ya fi dacewa da ayyukan taimako. Ƙananan iya ɗaukar kaya da ƙirar ɗakin gida ya sa bai dace da canja wurin sojojin dabara da manyan makamai ba. Ko da yake ana ƙera zaɓuɓɓukan makamai, gami da makamai masu linzami masu sarrafa tankokin yaƙi, ba su da kamala kuma ba za a iya kwatanta su da ƙarfin yaƙi na Mi-24D ba.

Sauƙaƙen numfashi, wato farkon rikici

Ƙoƙari mai tsanani na sababbin tsare-tsare don haɓaka tsare-tsare na shekaru biyar a cikin 80s ya fara a cikin 1978 tare da ma'anar manyan manufofin sake fasalin. Ga rukunin masana'antu na soja-masana'antu, an tsara shi don haɓaka yuwuwar ingantattun matakan da za a iya magancewa da makamai masu linzami ta hanyar nesa zuwa abubuwan da aka karewa, yayin da a lokaci guda ke haɓaka aiki da sarrafa hanyoyin aiwatar da umarni da sarrafa sojoji da hanyoyin. Haka kuma, an tsara yadda rundunar sojin sama za ta kara karfin tallafin jiragen sama ga sojoji, musamman jiragen yaki.

An yi la'akari da duk shawarwari don canje-canjen ma'aikata da sake sake fasalin fasaha daga ra'ayi na biyan bukatun game da sojojin da aka ba wa SPZ HC. Umurnin wadannan dakaru a birnin Moscow sun samu rahotannin shekara-shekara kan cikar ayyukansu, kuma bisa tushensu, sun aike da shawarwari kan yin sauye-sauyen tsarin ko sayen sabbin nau'ikan makamai.

A cikin Nuwamba 1978, an tattara irin waɗannan shawarwari don Sojan Poland don shirin shekaru biyar na 1981-85. kuma idan aka kwatanta da tsare-tsaren da Babban Hafsan Sojan Yaren mutanen Poland (GSh VP) ya shirya. Da farko dai dukkansu biyun kamar ba su cika bukatar cika ba, ko da yake dole ne a tuna cewa, da farko dai, gwaje-gwaje ne kawai na shirin da ya dace kuma an kirkiro su ne a lokacin da ba a taba fuskantar matsalar tattalin arziki mafi muni ba a kasar.

Gabaɗaya, shawarwarin da aka aiko daga Moscow sun ba da shawarar siyan a cikin 1981-85: 8 MiG-25P interceptors, 96 MiG-23MF interceptors (ko da kuwa jirgin sama 12 na wannan nau'in da aka ba da umarnin a baya), 82 mayaƙa-bama-bamai tare da kayan aikin bincike -22, 36 harin Su-25, 4 bincike MiG-25RB, 32 Mi-24D harin helikwafta da 12 Mi-14BT teku ma'adinai.