Rushewar janareta - alamu, bincike, dalilai, gwaji
Abubuwa
Rashin lalacewa a cikin kayan lantarki na mota ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana mamaye ɗaya daga cikin manyan wurare a cikin jerin raguwa. Za'a iya raba su cikin yanayin yanayi zuwa rugujewar tushen yanzu (batura, janareta) da rugujewar masu amfani (na gani, kunnawa, yanayi, da sauransu). Babban Tushen wutar lantarkin abin hawa batura ne da masu canzawa.. rugujewar kowannen su yana haifar da rugujewar mota gaba xaya da kuma yadda ake gudanar da aikinta ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ko ma datsewar motar.
A cikin na'urorin lantarki na mota, baturi da madaidaicin aiki a cikin tandem marar lalacewa. Idan daya ya kasa, bayan wani lokaci dayan zai kasa. Misali, karyewar baturi yana haifar da karuwar cajin janareta. Kuma wannan yana haifar da rushewar na'urar gyara (diode bridge). Bi da bi, a cikin taron na rushewar wutar lantarki regulator zuwa daga janareta, da caji halin yanzu na iya karuwa, wanda ba makawa zai haifar da wani tsari na cajin baturi, "tafasa tafi" na electrolyte, da sauri lalata faranti da kuma. gazawar baturi.
Rashin gazawar janareta gama gari:
- lalacewa ko lahani ga abin wuya;
- sanye da goge-goge masu tattarawa;
- masu tarawa (zoben zamewa);
- lalacewa ga mai sarrafa wutar lantarki;
- rufe jujjuyawar iskar stator;
- lalacewa ko lalata abin da aka ɗauka;
- lalacewa ga mai gyara (gadar diode);
- lalacewar wayoyi masu caji.
Rashin gazawar baturi gama gari:
- gajeriyar da'ira na lantarki / faranti;
- lalacewar inji ko sinadarai ga faranti na baturi;
- cin zarafin gwangwani na baturi - fasa a cikin baturin sakamakon tasiri ko shigar da ba daidai ba;
- sinadaran oxidation na tashoshin baturi.Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da wadannan kurakuran su ne:
- babban keta dokokin aiki;
- ƙarewar rayuwar sabis na samfurin;
- daban-daban masana'antu lahani.
Yana da matukar amfani direba ya sani manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin aikin janareto, hanyoyin kawar da su, da kuma matakan kariya don hana lalacewa.
An raba duk janareta zuwa janareta m и постоянного тока. Motocin fasinja na zamani suna sanye da na'urori masu canzawa tare da ginanniyar gadar diode (mai gyara). Na karshen ya zama dole don canza halin yanzu zuwa kai tsaye, wanda masu amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin motar ke aiki. Mai gyara yana yawanci a cikin murfin ko gidaje na janareta kuma yana ɗaya tare da na ƙarshe.
Dukkanin na'urorin lantarki na motar an ƙera su don ƙayyadaddun kewayon igiyoyin aiki ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki. yawanci, ƙarfin aiki yana cikin kewayon 13,8-14,8 V. Saboda gaskiyar cewa janareta yana "daure" tare da bel zuwa crankshaft na injin konewa na ciki, daga juyin juya hali daban-daban da saurin abin hawa, zai yi aiki daban. Yana da don daidaitawa da daidaita yanayin fitarwar da aka yi niyya na relay-voltage regulator, wanda ke taka rawar mai daidaitawa kuma yana hana duka haɓakawa da dips a cikin ƙarfin aiki. Na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na zamani suna sanye da ingantattun na'urori masu sarrafa wutar lantarki, da ake kira "cakulan" ko "kwaya".
Ya riga ya bayyana cewa kowane janareta naúrar ce mai rikitarwa, mai mahimmanci ga kowace mota.
Nau'in kurakuran janareta
Saboda kasancewar kowane janareta na'urar lantarki ce, za a sami matsala iri biyu, bi da bi - inji и lantarki.
Na farko sun haɗa da lalata kayan ɗamara, gidaje, rushewar bearings, magudanar ruwa, tuƙin bel, da sauran gazawar da ba ta da alaƙa da ɓangaren lantarki.
Laifukan lantarki sun haɗa da karyewar iska, rugujewar gadar diode, ƙonawa / lalacewa na goge-goge, gajeriyar da'ira, ɓarna, bugun rotor, rugujewar na'urar relay-regulator.
Sau da yawa, alamun bayyanar da ke nuna kuskuren janareta na iya bayyana sakamakon mabambantan matsaloli. A matsayin misali, mummuna lamba a cikin soket na fuse na da'irar tashin hankali na janareta zai nuna raguwar janareta. Hakanan zato na iya tasowa saboda konewar lambobin sadarwa a cikin maƙallan kulle wuta. Har ila yau, ci gaba da ƙona fitilar nuna gazawar janareta na iya haifar da gazawar relay, kiftawar wannan fitilar na iya nuna gazawar janareta.
Babban alamun rushewar oscillator:
- Lokacin da injin konewa na ciki ke gudana, fitilar fitar da baturi tana walƙiya (ko ta ci gaba da haskakawa).
- Fitar da sauri ko caji (tafasa) na baturin.
- Rage hasken fitilun inji, siginar sauti mai raɗaɗi ko shiru lokacin da injin ke gudana.
- Canji mai mahimmanci a cikin hasken fitilolin mota tare da haɓaka yawan juyi. Wannan yana iya halatta tare da karuwa a cikin sauri (sake saitin) daga aiki, amma fitilolin mota, bayan sun haskaka haske, bai kamata su ƙara haskaka su ba, suna kasancewa da ƙarfi iri ɗaya.
- Sautunan ban mamaki (kuwa, kururuwa) suna fitowa daga janareta.
dole ne a kula da tashin hankali da yanayin gaba ɗaya na bel ɗin tuƙi a kai a kai. Fassara da ɓata lokaci suna buƙatar musanyawa nan take.
Kayan gyaran janareta
Don kawar da raunin da aka nuna na janareta, zai zama dole don aiwatar da gyare-gyare. Fara neman kayan gyaran janareta akan Intanet, yakamata ku shirya don rashin jin daɗi - kayan aikin da ake bayarwa galibi suna ɗauke da wanki, kusoshi da goro. Kuma wani lokacin zaka iya mayar da janareta zuwa iya aiki kawai ta maye gurbin - goge, gada diode, mai tsarawa ... Saboda haka, jarumi wanda ya yanke shawarar gyarawa yana yin kayan gyaran mutum ɗaya daga waɗannan sassan da suka dace da janareta. Yana kama da wani abu kamar teburin da ke ƙasa, ta yin amfani da misalin nau'in janareta na VAZ 2110 da Ford Focus 2.
| Generator KZATE 9402.3701-03 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arin bayani | Lambar katalogi | Farashin, rub.) |
| Gobara | 1127014022 | 105 |
| Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki | 844.3702 | 580 |
| Gadar Diode | Saukewa: BVO4-105-01 | 500 |
| Одшипники | 6303 da 6203 | 345 |
| Generator Bosch 0 986 041 850 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arin bayani | Lambar katalogi | Farashin, rub.) |
| Gobara | 140371 | 30 |
| goga mariƙin | 235607 | 245 |
| Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki | IN6601 | 1020 |
| Gadar Diode | Farashin 431 | 1400 |
| Одшипники | 140084 da 140093 | 140 / 200 rubles |
Shirya matsala
A kan motoci na zamani, amfani da hanyar bincike na "tsohuwar zamani" ta hanyar sauke baturi daga tashar baturi kuma zai iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga yawancin na'urorin lantarki na motar. Muhimmin faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan hanyar sadarwar kan-jirgin abin hawa na iya kashe kusan duk na'urorin lantarki na kan jirgi. Shi ya sa a ko da yaushe ake duba janareta na zamani ta hanyar auna wutar lantarkin da ke cikin hanyar sadarwa ko kuma bincikar kumburin da aka fi cirewa akan tasha ta musamman. Na farko, ana auna wutar lantarki a tashoshin baturi, an fara injin konewa na ciki kuma an riga an ɗauki karatun tare da injin yana gudana. Kafin farawa, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya kamata ya kasance kusan 12 V, bayan farawa - daga 13,8 zuwa 14,8 V. Ƙimar da ke sama yana nuna cewa akwai "sake caji", wanda ke nuna rushewar relay-regulator, zuwa ƙarami - cewa babu halin yanzu. yana gudana. Rashin cajin halin yanzu yana nuna rushewar janareta ko sarƙoƙi.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewa
Na kowa abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin aiki na janareta Kawai lalacewa ne da lalata. Kusan duk gazawar injiniyoyi, ko ana sawa goge goge ko rugujewar bearings, sakamakon dogon aiki ne. Na zamani janareta sanye take da rufaffiyar (kyauta) bearings, wanda kawai bukatar maye gurbinsu bayan wani lokaci ko nisan da mota. Hakanan ya shafi ɓangaren lantarki - sau da yawa dole ne a maye gurbin abubuwan da aka gyara gaba ɗaya.
dalilan kuma na iya zama:
- ƙananan ingancin abubuwan masana'anta;
- keta dokokin aiki ko aiki a waje da iyakokin al'ada halaye;
- abubuwan da ke haifar da waje (gishiri, ruwa, zazzabi mai zafi, sinadarai na hanya, datti).
Generator gwajin kai
Hanya mafi sauki ita ce duba fis. Idan mai aiki ne, ana duba janareta da wurinsa. Ana duba jujjuyawar kyauta na rotor, amincin bel, wayoyi, gidaje. Idan babu abin da ya tayar da zato, ana duba goge-goge da zoben zamewa. Yayin aiki, goge goge ba makawa ya ƙare, za su iya matsewa, yaƙe, kuma ramukan zoben zamewa sun toshe da ƙurar graphite. Bayyanar alamar wannan ita ce ta walƙiya fiye da kima.
Akwai lokuta da yawa na cikakken lalacewa ko karyewar duka bearings da gazawar stator.
Mafi yawan matsalar inji a cikin janareta shine ɗaukar nauyi. Alamar wannan rushewar ita ce kururuwa ko busa yayin aikin naúrar. Tabbas, yakamata a maye gurbin bearings nan da nan ko ƙoƙarin sake ginawa tare da tsaftacewa da lubrication. Ƙaƙwalwar bel ɗin tuƙi kuma na iya haifar da alternator yin aiki mara kyau. Ɗaya daga cikin alamomin na iya zama ƙarar ƙarar murya daga ƙarƙashin murfin lokacin da motar ke sauri ko sauri.
Don bincika jujjuyawar motsin rotor don jujjuyawar gajere ko karya, kuna buƙatar haɗa na'urar multimeter da aka canza zuwa yanayin auna juriya zuwa duka zoben zamewa na janareta. Juriya na al'ada shine daga 1,8 zuwa 5 ohms. Karatun da ke ƙasa yana nuna kasancewar gajeriyar kewayawa a cikin jujjuyawar; sama - hutu kai tsaye a cikin iska.
Don duba iskar stator don "raguwa zuwa ƙasa", dole ne a cire haɗin su daga sashin gyarawa. Tare da karatun juriya da aka bayar ta hanyar multimeter yana da ƙimar da ba ta da iyaka, babu shakka cewa iskar stator ba ta da alaƙa da gidaje ("ƙasa").
Ana amfani da multimeter don gwada diodes a cikin naúrar gyarawa (bayan an cire haɗin gaba ɗaya daga iskar stator). Yanayin gwaji shine "gwajin diode". An haɗa ingantaccen bincike zuwa ƙari ko ragi na mai gyara, kuma an haɗa binciken mara kyau zuwa fitowar lokaci. Bayan haka, ana musanya masu binciken. Idan a lokaci guda karatun multimeter ya bambanta da na baya, diode yana aiki, idan ba su bambanta ba, kuskure ne. Har ila yau, wata alama da ke nuna kusantar "mutuwa" na gadar diode na janareta ita ce oxidation na lambobin sadarwa, kuma dalilin haka shine zafi na radiator.
Gyara da Gyara matsala
All Ana kawar da matsalolin inji ta hanyar maye gurbin abubuwan da ba daidai ba da sassa (brushes, bel, bearings, da dai sauransu) don sababbi ko masu iya aiki. A kan tsofaffin samfuran janareta, sau da yawa ana buƙatar zoben zamewa don yin injina. Ana maye gurbin bel ɗin tuƙi saboda lalacewa, matsakaicin tsayi ko ƙarshen rayuwar sabis ɗin su. Raunin rotor ko stator windings, a halin yanzu ana maye gurbinsu da sababbi a matsayin taro. Rewinding, ko da yake an samo shi a cikin sabis na masu gyaran mota, yana da ƙasa da ƙasa - yana da tsada kuma ba zai yiwu ba.
Kuma shi ke nan matsalolin lantarki tare da janareta yanke shawara ta hanyar dubawakamar sauran abubuwan kewayawa (wato, baturi), haka da cikakkun bayanansa da kuma fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki. Daya daga cikin matsalolin da masu motoci ke fuskanta ita ce wuce gona da iri, ko akasin haka, janareta low irin ƙarfin lantarki. Dubawa da maye gurbin wutar lantarki mai daidaitawa ko gada diode zai taimaka wajen kawar da rushewar farko, kuma zai zama ɗan wahala kaɗan don magance samar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Akwai dalilai da yawa da yasa janareta ke samar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki:
- karuwar nauyi akan hanyar sadarwa ta kan jirgin ta masu amfani;
- rushewar daya daga cikin diodes akan gadar diode;
- gazawar mai sarrafa wutar lantarki;
- V-ribbed bel zamewa (saboda ƙananan tashin hankali)
- rashin kyawun haɗin waya na ƙasa akan janareta;
- gajeren kewaye;
- dasa baturi.
Bayanan bayanai
