Al'amarin Poland a lokacin Babban Yaƙin, sashi na 4

"Polski's Treasures with the Baltic Sea", zanen da Wojciech Kossak ya yi wanda ke nuna abubuwan da suka faru a Puck, Fabrairu 10, 19920. Ƙungiyar Rifle ta Pomeranian ta fara aikinta a ranar 16 ga Janairu a Torun. An haɗa shi da 18th Wielkopolska Rifle Division (2nd Infantry Division). Fabrairu 15, 11, na karshe sojoji bar Gdansk.

1918 ya kawo 'yancin kai ga Poles, amma an kafa kasar Poland a 1919. A cikin 1919 ne aka yanke shawara kan tsarin cikin gida da kuma neman tallafi a cikin ƙasashen dimokuradiyya na Yammacin Turai. Suna ci gaba da aiki har yau. A cikin 1919, Jamhuriyar Poland ta shiga cikin rikice-rikice da yawa na makamai, amma suna da mahimmanci kawai. Jarabawar gaskiya ga matasan jihar da sojojinta shine a 1920.

A jajibirin samun 'yancin kai, Poland tana da ƙarfin soja kawai. Jigon su ya ƙunshi sojoji dubu da yawa na Sojojin Daular Poland ta Poland. A watan Oktoba, adadin sojoji ya ninka kuma ya zarce 10. A watan Nuwamba, an samu sabbin rundunonin soja: Rukunin tsoffin sojojin Austro-Hungarian sun kasance Polonized a Ƙananan Poland, kuma an ƙirƙiri rukunin Ƙungiyar Soja ta Poland (VOEN) a tsohuwar Masarautar. na Poland. Ba su mallaki babban ƙarfin yaƙi ba: ba zato ba tsammani na sojojin daular-sarautu ya haifar da rugujewar ƙungiyoyin da ake da su, yayin da a cikin Masarautar Poland rukunin fursunonin yaƙi sun kasance tsarin tsarin jama'a. Kafa tsarin cikin gida - kwance damarar kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi daban-daban, rusa jamhuriyar ma'aikata da na manoma da suka yi ikirarin kansu - ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekara ta 000.

Rashin raunin soja na Poland yana nuna cewa an ware ƙungiyar gwagwarmayar da ba ta wuce 2000 ba don babban aikin soja na farko - 'yantar da Lviv. Saboda haka, Lvov ya yi yaƙi shi kaɗai na makonni da yawa. A cikin fadace-fadace da abokan gaba na waje - a cikin shekarun 1918 da 1919 sun kasance galibi Rusyns, Czechs da Bolshevik Rasha - ya ta'allaka ne da ka'idoji na musamman a kan gaba. A ƙarshen 1918, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi huɗu suna nufin cewa Sojojin Poland sun ƙidaya kusan sojoji 50. Kashi na biyar na rundunar sojojin shine Greater Poland Army, wanda aka tsara daga Janairu 000, na shida kuma shine sojojin "Blue", wato sojojin da aka tsara a Faransa da Italiya.

Gina da faɗaɗa sojojin Poland

Tushen sojoji shi ne sojojin ƙafa. Babban rundunarta da ke yaki ita ce bataliyar sojoji dari da dama. Bataliyoyin na daga cikin rundunonin sojoji, amma rundunonin na da manyan ayyuka na gudanarwa da horo: irin wannan runduna tana da sansanin soja a wani wuri a cikin kasar, inda take horar da karin sojoji, da tufatar da su da ciyar da su. Matsayin rundunonin soja a fagen fama ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta, saboda rabon shi ne mafi mahimmanci. Rukunin ya kasance tsari na dabara, wani nau'in sojoji ne a cikin kankanin: ya haɗu da bataliyoyin sojan ƙasa, batura na manyan bindigogi da dakarun sojan doki, godiya ga wanda zai iya gudanar da kowane nau'in ayyukan yaƙi da kansa. A aikace, sojojin da ba a tsara su zuwa rarrabuwa ba ba komai bane illa gungun ‘yan ta’adda masu dauke da makamai, mafi kyaun kungiyar tsaro ta tsaro.

Har zuwa bazara na 1919, babu rarrabuwa a cikin Sojojin Poland. Kungiyoyin gwagwarmaya daban-daban sun gwabza a gaba, kuma an kafa runduna daga kwararrun matasa masu aikin sa kai a kasar. Saboda dalilai daban-daban, ba a aiwatar da daftarin a watannin farko ba. Tsofaffin mayaƙa na Babban Yaƙin Kishin Ƙasa sun so komawa ga iyalansu da wuri, kuma kiran da suke yi na neman makami zai iya ƙarewa cikin jajircewar jama'a har ma da tashe-tashen hankula. A cikin dukkanin runduna guda uku masu rarraba akwai ferment na juyin juya hali, ya zama dole a jira har sai yanayin ya kwanta. Haka kuma, cibiyoyi na matasa Yaren mutanen Poland ba su iya jimre wa conscription: shirya jerin conscripts, sanya su, kuma mafi muhimmanci, tilasta wadanda m zuwa uniforms. Amma babbar matsalar ita ce rashin kudi gaba daya. Sojoji suna kashe kuɗi, don haka da farko dole ne ku gano irin albarkatun da kuke da su, kafa tsarin kuɗi, da ƙirƙirar tsarin tattara haraji mai inganci. An gabatar da aikin shiga aikin ne a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1919 ta umarnin shugaban kasa.

Da farko, ya kamata a kafa ƙungiyoyin sojoji 12, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa jihar ta Poland ta ba da damar ƙara wannan adadin. Rarraba ya fara samuwa ne kawai a farkon Maris da Afrilu 1919. Ko da yake ƙanana da marasa kayan aiki suna fafatawa da maharan na tsawon watanni da yawa, sadaukarwar da suka yi na kaɗaita ya ba da damar shirya dakaru masu ƙarfi da yaƙi, waɗanda kusan nan da nan zuwansu ya canza yanayin al'amura. makomar gwagwarmaya. Kuma ko da yake, ban da sojojin dawakai, an kuma shirya sojan doki a cikin tsarin dabara masu zaman kansu - manyan bindigogi, sappers, jirgin sama mai karfi sosai kuma ba karamin karfi da makamai masu sulke ba - yanayin da aka samu na kafa rundunar sojojin kasa mafi karara yana nuna matsalolin siyasa, tattalin arziki da soja. na matasan kasar Poland.

An shirya ƙungiyoyi uku na farko godiya ga ƴan runduna. Biyu daga cikinsu sun yi yaƙi da Bolsheviks na Rasha kuma sun 'yantar da Vilnius a cikin bazara na 1919. Masu ba da agaji na tsohon tsaron kan iyaka daga Kaunas zuwa Minsk sun yi yaƙi da su. A cikin Oktoba 1919, an kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu, waɗanda ake kira Lithuanian-Belarusian. Sun kasance a alamance sun rabu da sauran ƙungiyoyin dabara na Sojan Poland, kuma sojojinsu sun zama abin motsa jiki a bayan ayyukan Janar Żeligowski a Vilnius. Bayan yakin, sun zama na 19th da 20th Rifle Division.

Runduna ta 3 ta runduna ta yaƙi da Rusyns da Ukrainians. An kafa wasu guda biyu a gaba daya: Rundunar ta 4th Rifle Regiment wani bangare ne na tsohon taimakon Lviv, kuma Rejimenti na 5th Rifle yana cikin brigade na Lvov. An kafa waɗannan abubuwa daga runduna a tsohuwar Masarautar da tsohuwar Galicia: 6th Infantry Regiment a Krakow, 7th Infantry Regiment a Częstochowa, 8th Infantry Regiment a Warsaw. A cikin watan Yuni, an ƙirƙiri Rukunin Bindiga na 9 a Polesie kuma an ƙirƙiri Rukunin Rifle na 10 ta hanyar haɗa rundunonin Lodz da Ƙungiyar Rifle ta 4 ta Poland, wacce ta isa ƙasar.