Dakatarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban

Ɗayan mafi mahimmancin tsarin da ke da tasiri kai tsaye da ƙaƙƙarfan tasiri akan amincin tuki shine dakatar da abin hawa. Ayyukansa shine canja wurin ƙarfin da ke tasowa a lokacin motsi na mota, musamman ma lokacin da aka shawo kan lanƙwasa hanyoyi, kumbura da birki. Har ila yau, dakatarwar yana buƙatar iyakance duk wani ƙugiya maras so wanda zai iya lalata kwanciyar hankali.

Wani abin lanƙwasa?

A cikin motocin fasinja na zamani, ana amfani da nau'ikan dakatarwa iri biyu. A gaban axle yana da zaman kanta, a kan gefen baya - dangane da nau'in mota - kuma mai zaman kanta ko abin da ake kira. mai dogara, watau. dangane da torsion katako, kuma gaba ɗaya dogara ba a cika amfani da shi ba. Mafi tsufa nau'in dakatarwa mai zaman kansa na gaba shine tsarin ƙasusuwan fata guda biyu masu karkata zuwa waɗanda ke aiki azaman mai ɗauka. Bi da bi, rawar springing abubuwa da aka yi da helical marẽmari. Kusa da su, ana kuma amfani da abin sha a cikin dakatarwar. Irin wannan dakatarwar ba a cika yin amfani da shi ba, kodayake, alal misali, Honda har yanzu yana amfani da shi ko da a cikin sabbin kayayyaki.

McPherson yana mulki, amma ...

Mai ɗaukar abin girgiza ruwa na coil spring, watau mashahurin McPherson strut, a halin yanzu shine kawai maganin dakatarwar gaba da aka yi amfani da shi da farko a cikin ƙananan motocin. McPherson struts an haɗa su da ƙwaƙƙwaran sitiyari, kuma na ƙarshe yana haɗe da hannun rocker, abin da ake kira haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon. A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, ana amfani da nau'in nau'in "A" mafi sau da yawa, wanda ke aiki tare da stabilizer (ƙwaƙwal ɗaya tare da abin da ake kira sandar igiya ba shi da yawa). Amfanin tsarin tushen strut na McPherson shine haɗin ayyuka uku a cikin saiti ɗaya: mai ɗaukar girgiza, mai ɗauka da tuƙi. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan dakatarwa yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, wanda ke ba ka damar sanya injin ta hanyar wucewa. Wani fa'ida shine ƙarancin nauyi da ƙarancin gazawa. Duk da haka, wannan zane kuma yana da rashin amfani. Daga cikin mafi mahimmanci shine ƙayyadaddun tafiye-tafiye da rashin daidaituwa na ƙafafun zuwa ƙasa.

Kowane hudu ya fi daya

Ƙarawa, maimakon hannu guda ɗaya, abin da ake kira dakatarwar haɗin kai da yawa an yi amfani da shi. Sun bambanta da mafita dangane da McPherson strut ta hanyar rarrabuwa na ɗaukar nauyi da ayyukan ɗaukar girgiza. Na farko daga cikin waɗannan ana yin su ta hanyar tsarin levers masu juyawa (yawanci huɗu a kowane gefe), kuma maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da na'urar daukar hoto suna da alhakin dakatarwar daidai. Ana amfani da dakatarwar haɗin kai da yawa a cikin manyan ababen hawa na ƙarshe. Bugu da ƙari, masana'antun su suna ƙara shigar da su a kan gaba da na baya. Babban fa'idar wannan maganin shine haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar tuki, koda lokacin yin shawarwarin madaidaicin lanƙwasa a hanya. Kuma duk wannan godiya ga kawar da rashin dakatarwa a kan McPherson struts da aka ambata a cikin bayanin, i.е. rashin perpendicularity na ƙafafun zuwa ƙasa a cikin dukan aiki kewayon.

Ko watakila ƙarin magana?

A wasu samfuran mota, zaku iya samun gyare-gyare daban-daban na dakatarwar gaba. Kuma a nan, alal misali, a Nissan Primera ko Peugeot 407 za mu sami ƙarin bayani. Ayyukansa shine ɗaukar ayyukan tuƙi daga babban abin ɗaukar girgiza. Masu zanen Alfa Romeo sun yi amfani da wani bayani. Wani ƙarin abu anan shine ƙashin buri na sama, wanda aka ƙera don inganta sarrafa ƙafafu da rage tasirin dakaru na gefe akan masu ɗaukar girgiza.

Ƙunƙwasa azaman ginshiƙai

Kamar McPherson a gaba, dakatarwar ta baya tana mamaye katakon torsion, wanda kuma aka sani da dakatarwar mai zaman kanta. Sunansa ya fito ne daga ainihin aikin: yana ba da damar ƙafafun baya don matsawa da juna, ba shakka, kawai zuwa wani matsayi. Matsayin abubuwan da ke shayar da girgizawa da damping a cikin wannan bayani yana taka rawa ta hanyar jujjuyawar girgiza tare da bazara mai karkace da aka sanya a kai, watau. kama da MacPherson strut. Koyaya, ba kamar na ƙarshe ba, ba a yin wasu ayyuka guda biyu a nan, watau. canza da mai ɗauka.

Dogara ko Mai zaman kansa

A cikin wasu nau'ikan abubuwan hawa, gami da. classic SUVs, dogara raya dakatar har yanzu shigar. Ana iya aiwatar da shi azaman tsayayyen gatari da aka dakatar akan maɓuɓɓugan ganye ko maye gurbin su da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa tare da sanduna masu tsayi (wani lokacin kuma tare da abin da ake kira transverse panhards). Koyaya, duka nau'ikan dakatarwa na baya da aka ambata a halin yanzu suna maye gurbin tsarin masu zaman kansu. Dangane da masana'anta, waɗannan sun haɗa da, da sauransu, katako mai haɗaka tare da sandunan torsion (yafi akan motocin Faransa), da kuma swingarm akan wasu samfuran BMW da Mercedes.