Babban motar Toyota ta farko. An samar da jimillar kwafi 337.

3 tarihin duniya. 10 bayanan duniya. Kwafi 337 kawai. Fitacciyar motar Toyota 2000GT tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan motoci masu kayatarwa a tarihin mota. Mafi kyawun misalai a yau suna da darajar fiye da dala miliyan kuma suna haifar da motsin rai a tsakanin masu manyan tarin duniya.

Tunanin farko na Jafananci Gran Turismo (GT) an haife shi a ƙarshen 1963. Bayan 'yan watanni da suka gabata, hukumomi a yankin Mie (Honshu) sun bude waƙar Suzuka ta farko ta Japan, inda aka gudanar da gasar tseren Grand Prix.

Shugaban ci gaban Toyota, Jiro Kawano, ba wai dan wasa ne kawai ba, har ma kwararre ne, wanda sabon wurin ya kasance wurin mafarkin gwada motoci. Toyota ya yi muhawara a Grand Prix na Japan na 1963 tare da Publica (C2 har zuwa 700 cc), Corona (C3 zuwa 5 cc) da Crown (C1600 har zuwa 3 cc) a filin Suzuka.

A farkon shekarun 60, Toyota ya kera manyan motoci na birni da ƙananan motoci. Kadan ne suka zaɓi manyan samfura kamar Crown. A yau, Land Cruiser yana da alaƙa da alatu, a lokacin ana ɗaukarsa dokin aikin manomi, gandun daji ko masanin ilimin ƙasa. Aikin 280A ya kamata ya karya stereotype na ƙaƙƙarfan mota, amma mota mara kyau ga kowa da kowa kuma ya zama tikitin Toyota zuwa babban gasar motoci.

Editocin sun ba da shawarar:

Makiyan hukunci akan layi. Yadda za a duba?

An shigar da masana'anta HBO. Wannan shine abin da kuke buƙatar sani

Motar matsakaita da aka yi amfani da ita a ƙarƙashin PLN 20

Nasarar wasanni da rikodin saurin za su sauƙaƙa wannan aiki mafi wahala. Cavanaugh ya kalubalanci Jaguar, Lotus da Porsche, wadanda suka sami nasara a kan tseren tsere da kuma a cikin tallace-tallace na tallace-tallace a cikin babbar kasuwar Amurka. Haka kuma masu fafatawa a cikin gida ba a san su ba a Toyota. Ba asiri ba ne cewa Datsun yana shirin kai hari ga babban aiki tare da Prince Skyline GT. Aikin 280A ya kasance nuni na fasahar fasaha na Toyota a matsayin kamfani mai ƙima wanda ke aiwatar da ra'ayoyi masu ƙarfi. Kamfanin kera na Japan ya yi niyyar yin gasa yadda ya kamata tare da shugabannin duniya a masana'antar kera motoci. Sauran fa'idodin sun kasance a bayyane ta hanyar hoto mai kyau da kuma yuwuwar haɓaka haɓakar motocin alamar daidai da falsafar Kaizen. Shugaban kamfanin, Eiji Toyoda, ya yarda da ra'ayin Kawano: yanzu an fara aiwatar da aikin 280A a aikace.

Ƙarfin ƙira

Aikin tawagar mutane biyar ya fara ne a watan Mayun 1964. Bayan watanni shida, Satoru Nozaki da Shihomi Hosoya sun gabatar da samfurin sikelin 1: 5 na kujeru biyu. Ƙananan jiki, kawai 116-centimeters tare da layi mai jituwa ya yi tasiri mai ban sha'awa, ciki har da. godiya ga wutar lantarki da aka tayar da fitilolin mota kuma an haɗa shi da zane na mafi kyawun masu salo na Italiyanci. Aerodynamic ja coefficient Cx 0,28 ko da a yau, bayan rabin karni, ana iya la'akari da kyau kwarai. An yi aikin jiki da hannu daga takardar aluminum. Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, saboda baturin yana cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya a bayan baka na gaban dabaran. An riga an yi amfani da wannan maganin ta Burtaniya Bristol tun daga 404. Takaddama mai zaman kanta da chassis tare da firam na tsakiya na tsakiya Shinichi Yamazaki ya tsara shi. A karon farko a cikin motar Japan, ana amfani da birkin diski da Sumitomo ke ƙera a ƙarƙashin lasisi daga Dunlop akan kowace dabaran. Wani sabon sabon abu a cikin masana'antun Land of the Rising Sun shine injina, mai sauri 5, akwatin gear Toyota mai inganci sosai tare da overdrive da ƙafafun da aka jefa daga garin magnesium mai haske. Koyaya, samfuran sun yi amfani da ƙwanƙolin magana na Borrani da aka shigo da su Italiyanci tare da goro na tsakiya. Jerin ɗaruruwan ingantattun hanyoyin warware tayoyin Dunlop SP 41 radial sun haɗa su cikin girman 165 HR15. Har ya zuwa yanzu, motocin "Made in Japan" suna ta tayoyin da ba a so.

6 maimakon 8

Babban matsalar ita ce zaɓin naúrar wutar lantarki. Da farko an yi la'akari da zaɓi na yin amfani da injin 8-lita 115-Silinda tare da 2,6 hp. daga flagship Crown takwas, amma a cikin Janairu 1965 YX122 aikin da aka ba da izini ta Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd. Tushen shine sabon ingin 2-lita 6-Silinda a cikin layi (tsari 3M) daga Toyopet Crown MS50. A matsayin wani ɓangare na gyare-gyare, an yi amfani da camshaft sau biyu, sabon shugaban silinda na aluminum tare da bawuloli 4 a kowace silinda da ɗakunan konewa na hemispherical. An ba da man fetur don injin ta 3 Mikuni-Solex ko Weber 40DCOE carburetors. Bayan kunna Yamaha, ƙarfin ya karu zuwa 150 hp. da 6600 rpm. A tsakiyar 60s, matsakaicin naúrar irin wannan ƙaura yawanci yana haɓaka 65-90 hp. Bayan nasarar gwajin dynamometer, samfurin ya fuskanci gwajin kisa daga bazarar 1965 da direban masana'anta Eizo Matsuda da Shihomi Hosoya na sashin ƙira da aka ambata.

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Mamaki duniya

Oktoba 29, 1965 Cibiyar Siyayya ta Harumi a Tokyo. Buga na 12 na dakin nunin yana farawa. Wannan wajibi ne ga kowane mai samarwa na Japan. A nunin Toyota, nau'in abin hawa na 2000GT na farko (280A/I) yana haskaka fari da chrome. Maziyartan sun yi mamaki, domin har yanzu motocin kamfanin ba su burge da kamannun su ba kuma sun gigice da halayensu. Tun da farko, lokacin da aka buga hoton ɗaya daga cikin samfuran a cikin jaridu, wani ɗan jarida daga mujallar Burtaniya The Car ya sanya hannu tare da taken: “Wannan ba Jaguar ba ne. Toyota ne! Masu rufe kyamara suna fashe, walƙiya suna haskakawa daga aikin fenti, 'yan jarida suna jin daɗi. 2000GT babban Turismo ne na gaskiya! Cikin ciki yana da wasanni, ladabi mai ladabi: tachometer, ma'aunin man fetur da sauran alamomi ana sanya su a cikin tubes, zurfin "ladles" da aka gyara tare da kayan ado na fata. An ɗora sitiyarin katako na Nardi akan madaidaicin tsaro na telescopic. An lulluɓe jirgin da filastik matte da veneer na rosewood. Na'urar wasan bidiyo tana sanye da mai karɓar radiyo tare da binciken igiyar ruwa ta atomatik. A cikin akwati akwai saitin kayan aiki guda 18 a cikin akwati mai rubutu Toyota. Akwai launuka 10 da za a zaɓa daga ciki har da launuka na ƙarfe 4, amma 70% na abokan ciniki za su yi odar mota a Pegasus White.

Toyota Warriors

Ranar 3 ga Mayu, 1966, Grand Prix na Japan na 3 ya fara a filin Suzuka. A yayin ganawa da 'yan wasan, Jiro Kawano ya tunatar da cewa bayan shekaru 2, lokaci ya yi da dukkan 'yan wasan za su gwada. Ga Jafananci, girmamawa ba kalma ce kawai ta wofi ba, amma kalmar "ruhun fada" jumla ce ta zahiri. Masu tsere, kamar sarakunan samurai, sun yi rantsuwa da gaske don yin yaƙi don nasara. Toyota ya fito da samfurin 2000GT. Bayan motar ja #15 akwai almara Shihomi Hosoya, mai zane kuma mai zane mai ruhin soja. Mu kara da cewa: wani mayaki ne mai haskawa da daukakar wanda ya yi nasara, domin a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1966 ya yi nasara a tseren kilomita 500 mai matukar wahala a zagayen Suzuka a cikin motar Toyota Sports 800 mai ban sha'awa tare da injin dambe mai lamba 45 mai karfin 2. hp. . Ya yi nasara ta hanyar rufe nisa a kan tankin mai guda ɗaya yayin da masu fafatawa daga ƙungiyoyin Datsun da Triumph suka ɓata daƙiƙa masu daraja suna mai. Wani gogaggen direban Toyota, Sachio Fukuzawa, ya fara ne daga lamba 17. A lokacin tseren za a maye gurbinsa da Mitsuo Tamura a cikin kokfitin wata mota kirar Toyota ta azurfa. Daya daga cikin motocin yana da allurar gwaji na man fetur, sauran suna da carburetors Weber 3. Ikon injin 200-220 hp Abubuwan da aka yi da aluminum.

Grand Prix yana da juyi mai ban mamaki. A wani lokaci Hosoya ya yi kamar yana birgima yayin da motarsa ​​ta tuƙi kuma ta sauka kan ciyawa, amma bayan ɗan lokaci, lamba 15 ta ci gaba da tsere. Daga ƙarshe, Yarima R380/Brabham BT8 ya yi nasara, amma farkon 2000GT ya yi nasara sosai. Hosoya ya haye na uku. Bayan Toyota akan hanyar da za a yi za a sami abokan hamayya masu haɗari, ciki har da. Datsun Fairlady S da Porsche 906 samfur! Jaguar E-Type, Porsche Carrera 6, Ford Cobra Daytona da Lotus Elite direbobi suma sun fahimci fa'idar ƙungiyar Toyota. Bayan tseren, injiniyoyi suna tarwatsa motocin don manyan abubuwan kuma suna nazarin lalacewa na abubuwan. Kaizen ya wajaba: samfuran aikin ana haɓaka koyaushe ta yadda serial Toyota 2000GT (lambar masana'anta MF10) ta zama mota mai sauri da aminci. Ya kamata a kara da cewa samfurin ja mai lamba 15 (mota 311 S) bai tsira ba har yau, saboda an lalata shi yayin gwaje-gwaje. Tun 2010, Shikoku Automobile Museum ke gabatar da kwafinsa.