Gano sabbin lu'ulu'u na lokaci

Wani bakon nau'in kwayar halitta da ake kira lokacin crystal ya bayyana kwanan nan a sabbin wurare biyu. Masana kimiyya sun kirkiri irin wannan crystal a cikin monoammonium phosphate, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin watan Mayu na Haruffa na Bita na Jiki, kuma wata ƙungiya ta ƙirƙira shi a cikin wani ruwa mai matsakaiciyar ruwa mai ɗauke da kwayoyin halitta mai siffar tauraro, wannan littafin ya fito a cikin Nazarin Jiki.

Ba kamar sauran sanannun misalan ba, lokaci crystal daga monoammonium phosphate, an yi shi daga wani abu mai ƙarfi tare da tsari na jiki da aka ba da umarni, watau. crystal na gargajiya. Sauran kayan daga lokacin da aka samar da lu'ulu'u ya zuwa yanzu sun lalace. Masana kimiyya sun fara ƙirƙirar lu'ulu'u na lokaci a cikin 2016. Ɗaya daga cikinsu an yi shi da lu'u-lu'u mai lahani, ɗayan kuma an yi shi ta hanyar amfani da sarkar ions na ytterbium.

Lu'ulu'u na yau da kullun irin su gishiri da ma'adini misalan nau'ikan lu'ulu'u ne masu girma uku, oda. Atom ɗinsu sun zama tsarin maimaitawa da masana kimiyya suka sani shekaru da yawa. Lu'ulu'u na lokaci sun bambanta. Atom ɗinsu lokaci-lokaci suna rawar jiki da farko ta hanya ɗaya sannan kuma a wata hanya, suna jin daɗin ƙarfin maganadisu (resonance). Ana ce masa "kaska".

Ticking a cikin lokacin crystal yana ƙunshe a cikin takamaiman mitar, kodayake ma'amalar bugun jini yana da mabambantan ra'ayoyi. Misali, atom a lokacin da aka yi nazari akan lu'ulu'u a cikin daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a shekarar da ta gabata sun juya a kan mitar rabin mitar motsin filin maganadisu da ke aiki da su.

Masana kimiyya sun ce fahimtar lu'ulu'u na lokaci na iya haifar da haɓakawa a agogon atomatik, gyroscopes da magnetometers, kuma yana taimakawa ƙirƙirar fasahar ƙira. Hukumar Ayyukan Binciken Ci Gaban Tsaro ta Amurka (DARPA) ta ba da sanarwar bayar da kuɗi don bincike kan ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki binciken kimiyya na 'yan shekarun nan.

- Shugaban shirin DARPA ya gaya wa Gizmodo, Dokta Roza Alehanda Lukashev. Cikakkun bayanai na waɗannan karatun na sirri ne, in ji ta. Mutum zai iya ƙarasa da cewa wannan sabon ƙarni ne na agogon atomic, mafi dacewa da kwanciyar hankali fiye da rikitattun wuraren dakin gwaje-gwaje da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu. Kamar yadda ka sani, ana amfani da irin waɗannan masu ƙidayar lokaci a yawancin mahimman tsarin soja, gami da, misali, GPS.

Nobel Prize Laureate Frank Wilczek

Kafin lokacin da aka gano lu'ulu'u a zahiri, an yi cikin su a ka'ida. Wani Ba’amurke, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ya ƙirƙira shi a ƴan shekaru da suka wuce. Frank Wilczek. A taƙaice, ra'ayinsa shine ya karya siffa, kamar yadda yake tare da sauye-sauyen lokaci. Duk da haka, a cikin ka'idar lokaci lu'ulu'u, simmetry ba za a karya ba kawai a cikin sarari uku girma, amma kuma a na hudu - a lokaci. Bisa ga ka'idar Wilczek, lu'ulu'u na wucin gadi suna da tsarin maimaituwa ba kawai a sararin samaniya ba har ma a cikin lokaci. Matsalar ita ce wannan yana nuna girgizar atom a cikin lattice crystal, watau. motsi ba tare da samar da wutar lantarki baabin da masana kimiyya suka yi la'akari da shi ba zai yiwu ba kuma ba zai yiwu ba.

Duk da yake har yanzu ba mu san lu'ulu'u da mashahuran masanin ka'idar ke so ba kuma mai yiwuwa ba za su taɓa yin hakan ba, a cikin 2016 masana kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Maryland da Jami'ar Harvard sun gina lu'ulu'u na lokaci "katsewa" (ko mai hankali). Waɗannan su ne tsarin atom ko ions waɗanda ke nuna motsi na gama-gari da keke-da-keke, suna yin kama da sabon yanayin kwayoyin halitta wanda ba a san su ba a baya, mai juriya ga ƴan ta'adda.

Kodayake ba sabon abu bane kamar yadda Prof. Wilczek, sabbin lu'ulu'u na lokaci da aka gano suna da ban sha'awa sosai don jawo hankalin soja. Kuma ga alama mahimmanci isa.