Sharar gida mai. Haɗawa da lissafi

Sharar da mai na roba da na roba na roba

Kayayyakin mai sun ƙunshi sinadarai 10 zuwa 30. Daga cikin su akwai gubar, zinc da sauran karafa masu nauyi, da kuma calcium, phosphorus da polycyclic Organic mahadi. Irin waɗannan abubuwan suna da juriya ga lalacewa, guba ƙasa, ruwa, kuma suna haifar da maye gurbi a cikin tsirrai da mutane.

• Mai ma'adinai yana da ɗan ƙaramin abun da ke tace mai kuma kusan babu ƙari, stabilizers da reagen halogen.
• Semi-synthetic lubricants ana samun su ta hanyar gyaggyara mai ta hanyar gabatar da ƙari.
• Analogues na roba sune samfuran haɗin sinadarai.

Ba tare da la'akari da asali ba, ruwan mai mai sun haɗa da alkanes tare da lambar carbon C₁₂ - DAGA₂₀, cyclic aromatic mahadi (arenes) da naphthene abubuwan.

Sakamakon aiki, mai yana fuskantar damuwa na thermal. A sakamakon haka, hawan keke da naphthenes suna oxidized, kuma sarƙoƙi na paraffin sun rabu zuwa gajarta. Abubuwan da ake ƙarawa, masu gyarawa da abubuwa masu gudu na kwalta suna hazo. A wannan yanayin, man ba ya cika ka'idodin aiki, kuma injin yana aiki don lalacewa. Ana fitar da samfuran sharar gida a cikin yanayi kuma suna haifar da barazanar muhalli.

Hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su da kuma zubar da su

Ana dawo da sharar mai idan tsarin yana da amfani ta hanyar tattalin arziki. In ba haka ba, kayan sharar suna kone ko binne su. Hanyoyin sabuntawa:

1. Chemical dawo da - sulfuric acid magani, alkaline hydrolysis, calcium carbide magani.
2. Tsarkakewar jiki - centrifugation, daidaitawa, tacewa da yawa.
3. Hanyoyin jiki da sinadarai - gyaran gyare-gyare, ion-exchange tacewa, hakar, rabuwar adsorption, coagulation.

Sharar man da bai dace da sabuntawa ana tsarkake shi daga ƙarfe masu nauyi, ruwan emulsion, da mahadi masu jure zafi. Ana amfani da ruwan da aka samu azaman mai don tsire-tsire masu tukunyar jirgi. Ana yin lissafin sharar gida daidai da dabara:

М_mmo = K_cl× K_в× ρ_м×∑Vⁱ_м× Kⁱ_pr× N_i× L_i /Nⁱ_L10^-3,

inda: М_mmo - adadin man da aka samu (kg);

К_cl - lambatu index;

К_в - abubuwan gyara don adadin ruwa;

ρ_м - yawan sharar gida;

Vⁱ_м - adadin ruwan mai da aka zuba a cikin tsarin;

L_i - nisan mil na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a kowace shekara (km);

Нⁱ_L - adadin nisan miloli na shekara;

Кⁱ_pr shine ma'aunin ƙazanta;

N_i - adadin shigarwa na aiki (injuna).

Hazardabi'ar haɗari

Sharar da ruwa daga motoci, jirgin sama da sauran man shafawa an ware shi azaman aji na uku masu haɗari. Abubuwan da ke da juriya na sinadarai na jerin naphthenic suna haifar da barazana ga muhalli. Irin waɗannan reagents na cyclic suna haifar da canje-canje a cikin DNA na shuka, cututtukan autosomal da cututtukan oncological a cikin mutane. Karafa masu nauyi suna haifar da lalacewar salula ga koda, huhu da sauran gabobin. Abubuwan Organochlorine da organophosphorus na abubuwan hana wuta a cikin mai na roba suna haifar da tari, ƙarancin numfashi, kuma a cikin yanayi mai tsanani suna haifar da kama numfashi. Barnar da ake samu na mai na motoci yana rage yawan tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi.

Ina man fetur din motarka da aka yi amfani da shi ya tafi?