Daga hasumiyar jingina ta zamani zuwa robo-butterfly

A cikin "MT" mun sha bayyana shahararrun abubuwan al'ajabi na fasahar zamani. Mun san abubuwa da yawa game da CERN Large Hadron Collider, Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya, Ramin Tasha, Dam ɗin Gorges Uku a China, gadoji kamar Ƙofar Golden a San Francisco, Akashi Kaikyo a Tokyo, Millau Viaduct a Faransa, da dai sauransu. . da aka sani, aka bayyana a cikin yawa haduwa da kayayyaki. Lokaci ya yi da za a mai da hankali ga ƙananan abubuwan da aka sani, amma an bambanta su ta hanyar injiniya na asali da mafita na ƙira.

Bari mu fara da Hasumiyar Leaning na zamani ko Hasumiyar Ƙofar Babban Birnin Abu Dhabi (1), Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, wanda aka kammala a cikin 2011. Wannan shi ne ginin da ya fi karkata a duniya. An karkatar da shi har zuwa digiri 18 - girmansa sau hudu girman shahararriyar Hasumiyar Leaning na Pisa - kuma tana da benaye 35 kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita 160. Injiniyoyin sun hako tudu 490 kusan mita 30 a cikin kasa don kiyaye gangaren. A cikin ginin akwai ofisoshi, sararin dillali da cikakken wurin dillali mai aiki. Hasumiyar tana kuma dauke da otal din Hyatt Capital Gate da helipad.

Ramin hanya mafi tsayi a Norway, Laerdal rami ne na hanya a cikin tsaunin Hornsnipa da Jeronnosi. Ramin ya ratsa ta tsayayyen gneiss na tsawon mita 24. An gina shi ta hanyar cire mita 510 na dutse. An sanye shi da manyan magoya baya masu tsarkakewa da shaka iska. Ramin Laerdal shine rami na farko a duniya sanye da tsarin tsaftace iska.

Ramin rikodin shine kawai share fage ga wani aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa na Norway mai kayatarwa. Akwai shirin inganta hanyar E39 da ta hada Kristiansand da ke kudancin kasar tare da Trondheim mai nisan kilomita dubu daya zuwa arewa. Zai zama tsarin gaba ɗaya na ramukan rikodi, gadoji a fadin fjords da ... yana da wuya a sami lokacin da ya dace don tunnels da ke iyo a cikin ruwa, ko watakila gadoji tare da hanyoyi ba sama ba amma karkashin ruwa. Dole ne ya wuce a ƙarƙashin saman sanannen Sognefjord, mai nisan kilomita 3,7 da zurfin kilomita 1,3, don haka zai yi wuya a gina duka gada da ramin gargajiya a nan.

A cikin yanayin rami mai nutsewa, ana la'akari da bambance-bambancen guda biyu - manyan bututu masu iyo tare da hanyoyin da aka haɗe zuwa manyan masu iyo (2) da zaɓi na ɗaure bututun zuwa ƙasa tare da igiyoyi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin E39, rami a ƙarƙashin Rogfast fjord. Zai kasance tsawon kilomita 27 kuma yana tafiyar mita 390 sama da matakin teku - don haka zai zama rami mafi zurfi kuma mafi tsawo a karkashin ruwa da aka gina ya zuwa yanzu a duniya. Sabuwar E39 za a gina a cikin shekaru 30. Idan ya yi nasara, tabbas zai zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan al'ajabi na injiniya na ƙarni na XNUMXst.

2. Nuna yanayin rami mai iyo a ƙarƙashin Sognefjord

Wani abin al'ajabi na aikin injiniya wanda ba a ƙididdige shi ba shine Falkirk Wheel a Scotland (3), wani tsari na musamman na 115m swivel wanda ke ɗagawa da saukar da jiragen ruwa tsakanin hanyoyin ruwa a matakai daban-daban (bambancin 35m), wanda aka gina daga fiye da tan 1200 na karfe, wanda motocin lantarki goma ke motsawa kuma suna iya ɗaga jiragen ruwa guda takwas lokaci guda. Dabarar tana iya ɗaga kwatankwacin giwayen Afirka ɗari.

Wani abin al'ajabi na fasaha wanda kusan ba a san shi ba a duniya shine rufin filin wasa na rectangular Melbourne, AAMI Park, a Ostiraliya (4). An ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar haɗa furannin triangular masu juna biyu zuwa siffofi na kubba. An yi amfani da kashi 50 cikin XNUMX. ƙasa da karfe fiye da na al'ada cantilever zane. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da kayan gini da aka sake yin fa'ida. Zane-zane yana tattara ruwan sama daga rufin kuma yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa kayan gini.

4 Filin wasa na Rectangular Melbourne

An gina shi a gefen wani katon dutse a gandun dajin Zhangjiajie na kasar Sin, lif Bailong (5) shi ne na'ura mai tsayi da nauyi a waje a duniya. Tsayinsa ya kai mita 326, kuma yana iya daukar mutane 50 da dubu 18 a lokaci guda. kullum. An bude wa jama'a a shekarar 2002, an jera lif din a cikin kundin tarihin duniya na Guinness a matsayin lif mafi tsayi da nauyi a waje a duniya.

Tashin tsaunin da ya karya rikodin kasar Sin na iya zama ba ya shahara kuma, amma ba da nisa ba a Vietnam, an kirkiro wani abu kwanan nan wanda zai iya yin gogayya da shi don taken tsarin injiniya na ban mamaki. Muna magana ne game da Cau Vang (gadar zinare), wani bene mai tsayin mita 150 wanda zaku iya sha'awar kyawawan panorama na kewayen Da Nang. Gadar Cau Wang da aka bude a watan Yuni, tana rataye ne da nisan mita 1400 a saman tekun kudancin kasar Sin, gabar tekun da ake ganin wadanda ke wucewa ta gadar. A cikin kusa da gadar ƙafar ƙafar akwai wuraren tarihi na UNESCO - Cham Sanctuary a Mu Son da Hoi An - tashar tashar jiragen ruwa mai daɗaɗɗen gine-ginen Sinanci, Vietnamese da Jafananci daga 6th-XNUMXth ƙarni. Hannun da aka yi amfani da su na wucin gadi da ke tallafawa gada (XNUMX) suna nufin tsohuwar kayan gine-gine na Vietnam.

Rubuta tsarin daban

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a zamaninmu, ayyukan injiniya ba dole ba ne su zama babba, mafi girma, mai girma a girma, nauyi, da kuma lokacin da za a burge. Akasin haka, ƙananan abubuwa, masu sauri da ƙananan ayyuka, suna da girma ko ma fiye da ban sha'awa.

A bara, ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar lissafi ta duniya ta ƙirƙira tsarin ion mai suna "mafi ƙarancin mota a duniya." Haƙiƙa ita ce ion calcium guda ɗaya, sau biliyan 10 ƙasa da injin mota, wanda ƙungiyar masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Ferdinand Schmidt-Kahler da Ulrich Poschinger suka kirkira a Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg da ke Mainz, Jamus.

"Jiki mai aiki" a cikin injin ion yana jujjuya, wato, juzu'in juzu'i a matakin atomic. Ana amfani dashi don juyar da makamashin zafi na katako na Laser zuwa girgiza ko girgizar ion da aka kama. Wadannan jijjiga suna aiki kamar ƙanƙara mai tashi kuma ana jujjuya ƙarfin su cikin ƙima. "Wurin mu na auna ƙarfin injin akan ma'aunin atomic," in ji marubucin binciken Mark Mitchison na QuSys a Kwalejin Trinity Dublin a cikin sanarwar manema labarai. Lokacin da injin ya huta, ana kiransa da "ƙasa" da mafi ƙarancin kuzari da kwanciyar hankali, kamar yadda kididdigar lissafi ta ƙididdiga. Sannan, bayan da na’urar Laser ta kara kuzari, injin ion din yana “turawa” keken tashi sama, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi saurin gudu da sauri, in ji kungiyar masu binciken a cikin rahoton bincikensu.

A watan Mayun bana a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chemnitz. Masana kimiyya daga cikin tawagar sun gina mafi ƙanƙanta mutum-mutumi a duniya, har ma da "jet injuna" (7). Na'urar, tsayin 0,8 mm, faɗin 0,8 mm da tsayi 0,14 mm, tana motsawa don sakin kumfa guda biyu ta cikin ruwa.

7. Nanobots tare da "jet injuna"

Robo-tashi (8) ɗan ƙaramin mutum-mutumi ne mai girman kwari wanda masana kimiyya a Harvard suka kirkira. Yana da nauyi ƙasa da gram ɗaya kuma yana da tsokoki na lantarki masu saurin gaske waɗanda ke ba shi damar murɗa fikafikansa sau 120 a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya kuma ya tashi (an ɗaure). An yi shi da fiber carbon, yana ba shi nauyin 106mg. Girman 3 cm.

Nasarorin masu ban sha'awa da aka samu a wannan zamani ba manyan gine-ginen sama ba ne kawai ko ƙananan injuna masu ban mamaki waɗanda za su iya kutsawa inda babu motar da ta matse. Babu shakka, fasahar zamani ta ban mamaki ita ce tauraron dan adam SpaceX Starlink.duba kuma: ), ci gaba, ci gaba a cikin basirar wucin gadi, cibiyoyin sadarwa na gaba (GANs), ƙara haɓakar fassarar harshe na ainihi algorithms, kwakwalwa-kwamfuta musaya, da dai sauransu Sun kasance boye duwatsu masu daraja a cikin ma'anar cewa ana kula da su a matsayin fasaha na mu'ujiza na XNUMXth. karni ba a bayyane yake ga kowa ba, a kalla a kallon farko.