Damisa babban tankin yaki
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Damisa babban tankin yaki
Amma nauyin damisa turret - game da 9 ton - ya juya ya zama kasa da na irin tankuna (kimanin 15 ton). Ƙananan taro na turret ya sauƙaƙe aikin tsarin jagoranci da kuma tsohuwar ƙwayar turret, wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan tanki na M48 Patton. A dama a gaban harka akwai kujerar direba. Sama da shi a cikin rufin kwandon akwai ƙyanƙyashe, a cikin murfin da aka ɗora periscopes uku. Ana cire na tsakiya cikin sauƙi, kuma an sanya na'urar hangen nesa ta dare a wurinta don fitar da tanki a cikin yanayin rashin gani. A gefen hagu na kujerar direba akwai tarin harsashi tare da wani ɓangare na nauyin harsashi, yana ba mai ɗaukar kaya damar samun damar yin amfani da harsashi mai sauƙi a kusan kowane matsayi na turret dangane da tanki. Wurin aiki na loader yana cikin turret, zuwa hagu na bindigar. Don samun damar shiga tanki da fita daga gare ta, mai ɗaukar kaya yana da ƙyanƙyashe daban a cikin rufin hasumiya.
Babban tank na yaki "Damisa-1" a kan atisayen A gefen dama na turret da ke kusa da ƙyanƙyasar ɗora, akwai ƙyanƙyasar kwamandan tanki da bindiga. Wurin aikin mai bindiga yana gaban turret a dama. Kwamandan tankin yana nan kadan sama da bayansa. Babban makamai na "Damisa" shi ne Turanci 105-mm bindiga L7AZ. lodin harsashin, wanda ya ƙunshi harsashi 60, ya haɗa da huda sulke, harsashi masu girman gaske tare da palette mai iya cirewa, tarawa da huda manyan bama-bamai masu fashewar robobi. Mashin guda 7,62 mm an haɗa shi da igwa, na biyun kuma an ɗora shi a kan turret da ke gaban ƙyanƙyasar loda. A ɓangarorin hasumiyar an saka na'urorin harba gurneti don saita allon hayaƙi. Maharbin yana amfani da na'urar ganowa ta stereoscopic monocular rangefinder da kuma na'urar gani ta telescopic, kuma kwamandan yana amfani da abin kallo, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da infrared da dare. Tankin yana da ingantacciyar motsi, wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar amfani da injin dizal mai nau'in 10-Silinda V-dimbin yawa MV 838 Ka M500 tare da damar lita 830. Tare da a 2200 rpm da kuma hydromechanical watsa 4NR 250. The chassis na tanki (a kan jirgin) ya hada da 7 waƙa rollers da aka yi da haske alloys tare da mai zaman kanta torsion mashaya dakatar, da raya-saka drive dabaran, a gaba-saka tuƙi da kuma biyu goyon baya. rollers. Motsi mai mahimmanci a tsaye na ƙafafun titin dangane da tankin tanki ana sarrafa shi ta masu iyaka. Ana haɗa masu ɗaukar girgizar hydraulic zuwa ma'auni na farko, na biyu, na uku, na shida da na bakwai. Waƙoƙin waƙoƙin suna sanye da ƙullun roba, waɗanda ke ba tankin damar tafiya tare da babbar hanyar ba tare da lalata murfinsa ba. "Leopard-1" an sanye shi da na'ura mai tacewa wanda ke tabbatar da ayyukan yau da kullum na ma'aikatan jirgin na tsawon sa'o'i 24, da tsarin kayan aikin kashe gobara. Tare da taimakon kayan aiki don tuki cikin ruwa, ana iya shawo kan matsalolin ruwa har zuwa zurfin mita 4. Ana gudanar da sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da gidan rediyo na 5EM 25, wanda ke aiki a cikin kewayon mitar mita (26-70 MHz) akan tashoshi 880, 10 na waxanda ake iya tsarawa. Lokacin amfani da daidaitattun eriya, kewayon sadarwa ya kai kilomita 35. A cikin farkon 70s a Jamus, don inganta yanayin yaƙi na Leopard-1 tanki, an aiwatar da tsarin zamani na zamani. Na farko na zamani model samu nadi "Leopard-1A1" (1845 motocin da aka samar a cikin hudu jerin). Tankin yana dauke da babban na'urar tabbatar da makamai mai saukar ungulu guda biyu, gangunan bindigar na lullube da kwandon da ke hana zafi.
Babban tankin yaki "Leopard-1". Don ƙarin kariya daga bangarorin ƙwanƙwasa, an shigar da shingen gefe. Rubber pads sun bayyana akan waƙoƙin katapillar. Tankuna "Leopard-1A1A1" an bambanta su da ƙarin sulke na waje na hasumiya, wanda kamfanin "Blom und Voss" ya yi, ya ƙunshi faranti na sulke da lankwasa sulke tare da Layer na wucin gadi da aka yi amfani da su, wanda aka haɗe zuwa hasumiya tare da kulle. haɗi. An kuma yi wa farantin sulke a gaban rufin turret. Duk wannan ya haifar da karuwa a cikin nauyin gwagwarmaya na tanki da kimanin 800 kg. Injin jeri na A1A1 suna da silhouette na musamman wanda ke sa su sauƙin ganewa. Bayan mataki na gaba na zamani, damisa-1A2 model ya bayyana (342 motoci aka samar). An bambanta su ta hanyar ƙarfafa sulke na turret simintin gyare-gyare, da kuma shigar da na'urorin hangen nesa na dare ba tare da haske ba maimakon na baya aiki wanda kwamandan tanki da direba ke amfani da su. Bugu da kari, an inganta injin injin iska da tsarin tace-shari don kariya daga makaman da ake lalata da su. A waje, tankuna na jerin A1 da A2 suna da wahalar rarrabewa. Damisa-1AZ tanki (raka'a 110 samar) yana da sabon welded turret tare da sarari sulke. Sabuwar hasumiya ta ba da izini ba kawai don inganta ingancin kariya ba, amma har ma don ƙara girman ɗakin faɗa saboda babban alkuki a baya. Kasancewar alkuki yana da tasiri mai kyau akan daidaita dukkan hasumiya. A periscope ya bayyana a wurin zubar da kaya, yana ba da damar kallon madauwari. Samfurin Leopard-1A4 (tankunan tankuna 250 da aka samar) an sanye shi da sabon tsarin kula da wuta, gami da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta lantarki, na'urar gani da ido na kwamanda (rana da dare) tare da tsayayyen layin P12, da babban wurin mai harbi tare da EMEZ 12A1 stereoscopic rangefinder tare da haɓaka 8- da 16x. A shekara ta 1992, Bundeswehr ya sami motocin damisa-1300A1 5, wanda shine ƙarin sabuntar damisa-1A1 da damisa-1A2. Tankin da aka haɓaka yana sanye da ƙarin abubuwa na zamani na tsarin kula da wuta, musamman ganin mai harbi tare da ginanniyar ƙirar laser da tashar hoto ta thermal. An yi wasu gyare-gyare ga na'urar stabilizer. A mataki na gaba na zamani, yana yiwuwa a maye gurbin bindigar 105-mm tare da madaidaicin 120-mm mai santsi. Halayen wasan kwaikwayon babban tankin yaƙi "Damisa-1" / "Damisa-1A4"
A kan tankin damisa-1, an samar da iyali na motoci masu sulke don dalilai daban-daban, ciki har da Gepard ZSU, daidaitaccen gyare-gyaren sulke da motar dawo da su, tankin gada, da tankin Pioneerpanzer-2. Ƙirƙirar tankin Leopard-1 ya kasance babban nasara ga masana'antar sojan Jamus. Kasashe da yawa sun ba da umarnin waɗannan injuna a Jamus ko kuma sun sami lasisi don kera su akan tushen masana'antar su. A halin yanzu, tankuna na wannan nau'in suna aiki tare da sojojin Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Girka, Italiya, Holland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkiyya da, ba shakka, Jamus. Tankunan Leopard-1 sun kasance masu kyau a lokacin aiki, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mafi yawan kasashen da aka lissafa a sama, bayan da suka fara mayar da sojojinsu na kasa, sun mayar da idanunsu zuwa Jamus, inda sababbin motoci suka bayyana - tankunan Leopard-2. Kuma tun Fabrairu 1994, "Damisa-2A5".
Babban tankin yaki "Leopard-2"Haɓaka tankin ƙarni na uku bayan yaƙi ya fara ne a cikin 1967 a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin MBT-70 tare da Amurka. Amma bayan shekaru biyu, an bayyana cewa saboda rashin jituwar da ake ta tafkawa a kodayaushe da kuma tsadar da ake samu, ba za a aiwatar da aikin ba. Bayan sun rasa sha'awar ci gaban haɗin gwiwa, Jamusawa sun mayar da hankalinsu kan nasu gwajin gwajin KRG-70, wanda ake kira "Kyler". A cikin wannan motar, ƙwararrun Jamus sun yi amfani da mafita na ƙira da yawa da aka samu yayin aiwatar da aikin haɗin gwiwa. A cikin 1970, Jamus da Amurka a ƙarshe sun ci gaba da ƙirƙirar tankunan nasu na ƙasa. A cikin wannan shekarar, an kulla yarjejeniya tsakanin FRG da Amurka kan daidaita shirye-shiryen tankunansu. Ya ba da haɗin kai na manyan makamai, harsashi, tsarin sarrafa wuta, injin, watsawa da waƙoƙi. Dangane da wannan yarjejeniya, an kera wani sabon nau'in tankin damisa a cikin kera kwalta da turret wanda aka yi amfani da sulke masu yawa, sannan an sanya sabon tsarin sarrafa wuta. A cikin 1976, an gudanar da gwajin kwatancen wannan tanki tare da Amurka XM1. Bayan da Amurka ta ki amincewa da Leopard-2 a matsayin tanki guda na NATO, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Jamus a 1977 ta ba da odar kera motoci 800 irin wannan. Serial samar da damisa-2 manyan tankuna fara a cikin wannan shekara a masana'antu na Krauss-Maffei (babban dan kwangila) da kuma Krupp-Mack Maschinenbau. Sun samar da tankokin yaki guda 990 da 810, bi da bi, an kai su ga sojojin kasa tun daga shekarar 1979 zuwa tsakiyar 1987, lokacin da aka kammala shirin kera Leopard-2 na sojojin Jamus. A cikin 1988-1990, an ba da ƙarin umarni don kera motoci 150 damisa-2A4, waɗanda za su maye gurbin tankunan Leopard-1A4 da aka sayar wa Turkiyya. Sannan kuma aka ba da umarnin wasu raka'a 100 - wannan karon na karshe ne. Tun 1990, an daina samar da "Damisa", duk da haka, ana sabunta motocin da ake samu a cikin sojojin, wanda aka tsara har zuwa 2000. Ya haɗa da ƙarfafa kariyar sulke na ƙugiya da turret, shigar da bayanan tanki da tsarin sarrafawa, da kuma inganta sassan da ke cikin ƙasa. A halin yanzu dai dakarun Ground na Jamus na da tankokin Leopard-2125 guda 2, wadanda ke dauke da dukkan bataliyoyin tanka.
Serial samfurin na babban yaƙi tank "Damisa-2A5". Halayen wasan kwaikwayon babban tankin yaki "Damisa-2" / "Damisa-2A5"
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A cikin Yuli 1963, Bundestag yanke shawarar kaddamar da taro samar da sabon tanki. Na farko tankuna, da ake kira "Damisa-1", shiga cikin tank raka'a na Bundeswehr a watan Agusta 1963. Tank "Damisa" yana da wani classic layout. A dama a gaban kwalkwatar akwai wurin zama direba, a cikin turret - a tsakiyar tsakiyar tarkace an shigar da babban kayan aikin tanki, sauran ma'aikatan jirgin guda uku kuma suna can: kwamandan, gunner da loader. A cikin kashin baya akwai sashin wutar lantarki tare da injin da watsawa. Jikin tankin yana walda daga faranti na sulke. Matsakaicin kauri na gaban gaban sulke ya kai mm 70 a kusurwar 60°. An gina hasumiyar simintin gyare-gyare tare da kulawa ta musamman. Ƙananan tsayinsa yana da halayyar - 0,82 m zuwa rufin da 1,04 m zuwa mafi girman matsayi na na'urorin lura da kwamandan da ke kan rufin. Duk da haka, ƙarancin tsayin hasumiya bai haifar da raguwar tsayin daka na damisa-1 ba, wanda shine 1,77 m da 1,77 m.
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