Arjun main battle tank
Arjun main battle tankArjuna (Skt. arjuna “fararen haske”) jarumi ne na Mahabharata, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan tarihin Hindu.
Akwai rahotannin da ke cewa a shekara ta 2000 an shirya samar da tankunan Arjun 1500 ga sojojin domin maye gurbin tankin Vijayanta da ya daina aiki, amma hakan bai faru ba. Yin la'akari da karuwar abubuwan da aka shigo da su, matsalolin fasaha sune masu laifi. Duk da haka, abin alfahari ne ga Indiya samun tankin da ya inganta a cikin ƙasa yana hidima, musamman a kan yunƙurin Pakistan na ƙirƙirar tankin Al Khalid.
Tankin Indiya Arjun yana da shimfidar wuri. Direba yana gaban gaba da dama, turret na tanki yana tsakiyar tsakiyar kwandon. Kwamandan tanka da bindiga suna cikin turret a dama, mai lodi yana hagu. Bayan wutar lantarki na tankin. Bindigan tanki mai girman 120mm yana daidaitawa a cikin dukkan jirage; ana amfani da zagaye na yanki ne kawai lokacin harbi. Tare da babban kayan aikin tanki, an ɗora haɗin haɗin gwiwar caliber 7,62-mm, kuma an sanya RP 12,7-mm akan rufin. Kayan aiki na yau da kullun na tanki sun haɗa da tsarin kula da kwamfuta, na'urorin hangen nesa na dare, da tsarin RHBZ. Ganga-gangan da ke da wadatar man fetur yawanci ana dora su ne a bayan kwandon.
Arjun mai nauyin ton 59 na iya kaiwa gudun kilomita 70/h (55 mph) akan babbar hanya da tsallaka kasa 40 km/h. Don tabbatar da amincin ma'aikatan jirgin, ana amfani da kayan sulke na ƙira na kanmu, gano wuta ta atomatik da tsarin kashewa, da kuma tsarin yaƙi da makaman kare dangi. Tankin Arjun yana da tsarin man fetur da aka haɗa, ci-gaba na lantarki da sauran na'urori na musamman, irin su haɗaɗɗen ganowar wuta da tsarin kashewa, wanda ya ƙunshi infrared detectors don gano wuta da tsarin kashe wuta - yana aiki kuma yana hana fashewa a cikin ma'aikatan jirgin a cikin 200. milliseconds, da kuma a cikin injin daki na 15 seconds, don haka kara da ingancin tanki da kuma tsira daga cikin ma'aikatan. An haɗu da kariya ta makamai na baka na welded welded, tare da babban kusurwa na karkata na farantin gaba na sama. Bangarorin ƙwanƙwasa suna da kariya ta fuska mai ƙima, ɓangaren gaba wanda aka yi da kayan sulke. Zanen gaban hasumiya mai waldaran suna tsaye a tsaye kuma suna wakiltar shingen da aka haɗe.
An rufe ƙwanƙwasa da dakatarwar hydropneumatic don hana ƙura da kutsawa ruwa a cikin kwandon yayin aiki a cikin ƙasa mai fadama ko lokacin da tankin ke yawo. Ƙarƙashin hawan yana amfani da dakatarwar hydropneumatic mara daidaitawa, ƙafafun titin gable tare da ɗaukar girgiza na waje da waƙoƙi mai rufin roba tare da hinges na ƙarfe-karfe da guraben roba mai cirewa. Da farko, an shirya shigar da injin turbin gas mai nauyin 1500 hp a cikin tanki. tare da., amma daga baya an canza wannan shawarar don goyon bayan injin dizal mai sanyaya iska mai silinda 12 mai iko iri ɗaya. Ƙarfin samfuran injin da aka ƙirƙira ya bambanta daga 1200 zuwa 1500 hp. Tare da Dangane da buƙatar tace ƙirar injin, farkon samar da tankuna an sanye shi da injunan MTU da aka saya a Jamus tare da ƙarfin 1100 hp. Tare da da kuma watsawa ta atomatik na jerin ZF. A lokaci guda kuma, ana la'akari da yiwuwar samar da injin turbin gas na tankin M1A1 ko injunan dizal da ake amfani da su a cikin tankunan Challenger da Leopard-2.
Tsarin sarrafa gobara ya haɗa da hangen nesa na Laser, na'urar kwantar da tarzoma ta jirgin sama guda biyu, na'urar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta lantarki da kuma yanayin hoto na thermal. Ikon sarrafa tsarin wuta a kan tafiya da dare babban ci gaba ne ga sojojin Indiya masu sulke.
An yi la'akari da ƙarin haɓakawa ga tankin ya zama dole ko da bayan bayanan martaba da ƙira na tankin Arjun, amma jerin gazawar bayan shekaru 20 na ci gaba ya daɗe sosai. Baya ga sauye-sauyen fasaha da yawa ga tsarin sarrafawa, tsarin kula da wuta, musamman tsarin sarrafawa, ba zai iya yin aiki da ƙarfi a cikin rana a cikin yanayin hamada - a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 42 Celsius (108 ° F). An gano lahani a lokacin gwajin tankin Arjun a cikin hamadar Rajasthan - babban abin da ya fi zafi shi ne zafin injin. A shekara ta 120 ne aka gina tankuna 2001 na farko kan kudi dalar Amurka miliyan 4,2 kowanne, kuma bisa ga wasu alkaluma, kudin tanki daya ya zarce dalar Amurka miliyan 5,6 kowacce. Samar da batches na tankuna na iya ɗaukar lokaci fiye da yadda aka tsara.
Jagoran sojojin na sojojin Indiya sun yi imanin cewa tankin Arjun ya zama mai matukar wahala ga motsin dabaru, wato, jigilar kayayyaki tare da layin dogo na Indiya daga wannan yanki na kasar zuwa wani yanayi na barazana a wani bangare na musamman. na kasar. An karɓi ayyukan tanki a farkon 80s na ƙarni na 20 kuma masana'antar Indiya ba ta shirya don fara cikakken samar da wannan injin ba. Jinkirin ci gaban tsarin makaman na tankin Arjun, ba wai kawai ya haifar da asarar kudaden shiga ba, har ma da sayayyar tsarin makaman daga wasu kasashe. Ko bayan fiye da shekaru 32, masana'antar ba ta shirye don biyan bukatun sojojinta na tankunan zamani ba. Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka tsara don motocin yaƙi dangane da tankin Arjun sun haɗa da bindigogin kai hari ta hannu, motoci, wuraren lura da tsaro na iska, motocin ƙaura, da motocin injiniya. Idan aka ba da gagarumin karuwar nauyin Arjun idan aka kwatanta da jerin tanki na Soviet T-72, ana buƙatar motocin dakon gada don shawo kan shingen ruwa. Halayen aikin Arjun tank
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Dangane da kwarewar samar da babban tankin yaki na Mk 1 karkashin lasisi daga Vickers Defence Systems (a Indiya, ana kiran wadannan tankuna Vijayanta), a farkon shekarun 1950, an yanke shawarar fara aiki kan haɓaka sabon 0BT na Indiya, daga baya. mai suna Arjun tank. Domin kawar da dogaro da kasashen ketare wajen kera motoci masu sulke da kera makamai, da kuma sanya kasar a matsayi na daya da manyan kasashen duniya a fannin ingancin tankunan yaki, gwamnatin Indiya ta ba da izinin gudanar da aikin kera tankin tun shekarar 1974. Daya daga cikin na farko prototypes na Arjun tanki aka bayyana a cikin Afrilu 1985. Nauyin motar yaki ya kai tan 50, kuma an shirya cewa tankin zai kai kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 1,6. Duk da haka, farashin tankin ya karu kadan tun daga 80s, kuma tsarin ci gaban tankin ya fuskanci tsaiko. A sakamakon haka, samfurin na ƙarshe ya fara kama da tanki na Leopard 2 na Jamus, duk da haka, ba kamar tankin Jamus ba, makomarsa tana cikin shakka. Duk da samar da tankin nata, Indiya na shirin siyan tankunan yaki na Rasha T-90, duk da cewa an riga an ba da umarnin samar da tankunan Arjun 124 a cibiyoyin tsaron Indiya.
