Jirgin fasinja na fasinja

Axle shine ɓangaren abin hawa ta inda aka haɗe ƙafafu biyu masu gaba da juna (dama da hagu) zuwa tsarin tallafi na abin hawa.

Tarihin gatari ya koma zamanin karusar dawaki, wanda daga ciki aka aro aksarin motocin farko. Waɗannan gatura sun kasance masu sauƙi a ƙira, a zahiri, an haɗa ƙafafun ta hanyar shaft ɗin da ke jujjuyawa a kan firam ɗin ba tare da wani dakatarwa ba.

Yayin da buƙatun motoci ke ƙaruwa, haka ma gatura. Daga madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya madaidaiciya zuwa maɓuɓɓugar ganye zuwa maɓuɓɓugar murɗaɗɗen abubuwa iri-iri ko bel ɗin iska.

Axles na motoci na zamani tsarin tsarin tsari ne mai rikitarwa, wanda aikinsa shine samar da mafi kyawun aikin tuki da kuma motsa jiki. Tun da zanen su shine kawai abin da ke haɗa mota zuwa hanya, suna kuma da tasiri mai yawa akan amincin aiki na abin hawa.

Aksali yana haɗa ƙafafun zuwa firam ɗin chassis ko jikin abin hawa da kansa. Yana canja wurin nauyin abin hawa zuwa ƙafafun, haka kuma yana canja ƙarfin motsi, birki da inertia. Yana ba da madaidaiciyar jagora mai ƙarfi na ƙafafun da aka haɗe.

Axle shine ɓangaren motar da ba a kunna ta ba, don haka masu zanen kaya suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ita sosai a cikin samar da allo mai haske. Tsattsunkan gutsuttsuran sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓun gatura.

Rarraba axial

Ta hanyar zane

• M axles.
• Rotary axes.

Ta hanyar aiki

• Tuki axle - axle na abin hawa, wanda aka watsa da karfin juyi na injin da ƙafafun wanda ke motsa abin hawa.
• Kore (kore) axle - axle na abin hawa wanda ba a watsar da jujjuyawar injin ba, kuma wanda ke da aikin jigilar kaya ko tuƙi kawai.
• Axle mai tuƙi shine axle wanda ke sarrafa alkiblar abin hawa.

Dangane da shimfidar

• Gaba axle.
• Matsakaici na tsakiya.
• Sasar aksali.

Ta hanyar ƙirar ƙafafun yana tallafawa

• Dogara (kafaffen) hawa - an haɗa ƙafafun tare da katako (gada). Irin wannan m axis ana kinematically gane a matsayin jiki guda, kuma ƙafafun hulɗa da juna.
• Ndaidaitawar dabaran masu zaman kansu - kowane dabaran an dakatar da shi daban, ƙafafun ba sa shafar juna kai tsaye lokacin bazara.

Ayyukan gyaran ƙafa

• Bada motar ta motsa a tsaye dangane da firam ko jiki.
• Canja wurin sojojin tsakanin dabaran da firam (jiki).
• A ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi, tabbatar da cewa duk ƙafafun suna cikin tuntuɓar hanya koyaushe.
• Cire motsin da ba a so ba (mirgine gefe, mirgine).
• Kunna iko.
• Kunna birki + kwace ƙarfin birki.
• Shiga da watsa karfin juyi zuwa drive ƙafafun.
• Samar da tafiya mai dadi.

Bukatun ƙira na axle

Ana sanya buƙatu daban -daban kuma galibi masu saɓani akan axle na motoci. Masu kera motoci suna da hanyoyi daban -daban ga waɗannan buƙatu kuma galibi suna zaɓar mafita.

Misali. dangane da ƙananan motoci, an mai da hankali kan ƙirar gatari mai arha kuma mai sauƙi, yayin da a cikin manyan motoci mafi girma, jin daɗin tuƙi da sarrafa ƙafafun suna da mahimmanci.

Gabaɗaya, gatura yakamata ya iyakance watsawar rawar jiki zuwa taksi na abin hawa gwargwadon iko, samar da ingantacciyar hanyar tuƙi da tuntuɓar kan hanya, samarwa da farashin aiki yana da mahimmanci, kuma axle bai kamata ya ƙuntata sashin kaya ba. sarari don ƙungiya ko injin abin hawa.

• Rigidity da kinematic daidaici.
• Ƙananan canji na geometry yayin dakatarwa.
• Ƙaramin taya.
• Tsawon rai.
• Ƙananan girma da nauyi.
• Resistance zuwa m yanayi.
• Ƙananan farashin aiki da samarwa.

Sassan axle

• Taya.
• Tsarin diski.
• Bakin Hub.
• Dakatar da ƙafa.
• An dakatar da ajiya.
• Dakatarwa.
• Damping.
• Karfafawa.

Dogara mai dakatarwa

M axis

Tsarin tsari, mai sauqi ne (babu fil da hinges) da gada mai arha. Nau'in nasa ne na abin da ake kira dakatarwa ta dogara. Duk ƙafafun biyu suna da alaƙa da juna, taya yana tuntuɓar hanya a kan duk faɗin tafin, kuma dakatarwar ba ta canza gindin ƙafa ko matsayin dangi. Don haka, an daidaita matsayin dangin ƙafafun axle a cikin kowane yanayin hanya. Koyaya, game da dakatarwar hanya ɗaya, karkatar da ƙafafun biyu zuwa hanyar yana canzawa.

M axle aka kore ta marringsmari ganye ko nada marringsmari. Ana haɗa maɓuɓɓugan ganyen kai tsaye zuwa jikin ko firam ɗin abin hawa kuma, ban da dakatarwar, suna kuma ba da ikon sarrafa tuƙi. Game da maɓuɓɓugar murɗawa, ya zama dole a yi amfani da ƙarin mai jujjuyawa da kuma jagororin a tsaye, tunda ba su aikawa da kusan kowane sojojin a tsaye (a tsaye), sabanin maɓuɓɓugan ganye.

Saboda da babban rigidity na dukan gatari, shi ne har yanzu amfani a real SUVs da kuma kasuwanci motocin (consumables, pickups). Wani fa'ida kuma ita ce tuntuɓar taya tare da titin akan faɗin duk faɗin tattakin da madaidaicin hanyar dabaran.

Abubuwan rashin amfani da madaidaicin madaidaiciya sun haɗa da babban taro mara nauyi, wanda ya haɗa da nauyin gadar gatari, watsawa (a cikin akwati mai tuƙi), ƙafafu, birki kuma, a sashi, nauyin haɗin haɗin haɗin, levers masu jagora, marmaro. da abubuwan damping. Sakamakon yana rage ta'aziyya a saman da ba daidai ba kuma yana rage aikin tuƙi lokacin tuƙi da sauri. Jagoran motar ba shi da cikakken inganci fiye da dakatarwa mai zaman kansa.

Wani rashin lahani shine babban buƙatun sararin samaniya don motsi axle (dakatar da shi), wanda ke haifar da tsari mai tsayi da kuma babban cibiyar nauyi na abin hawa. A cikin yanayin tuƙi na tuƙi, ana watsa girgizar zuwa sassan jujjuya waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren axle.

Ana iya amfani da madaidaicin madaidaicin azaman abin hawa na gaba-gaba, haka ma motar tuƙi ko duka biyun baya da tukin tuƙi.

M m axle zane

An dakatar da gatari mai sauƙi daga maɓuɓɓugan ganye

• Simple yi.
• Ruwan bazara yana karɓar damuwa na a tsaye da na gefe (don manyan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa).
• Babban damping na ciki (gogayya).
• Simple shigarwa.
• Babban dagawa damar.
• Babban nauyi da tsawon bazara.
• Karancin Gudun aiki.
• Hadaddun kaya yayin hanyoyin wucewa na aikin abin hawa.
• A lokacin dakatarwa, ana karkatar da gatarin.
• Don tafiya mai dadi, ana buƙatar ƙarancin bazara - kuna buƙatar dogayen maɓuɓɓugan ganye + sassauci na gefe da daidaitawa ta gefe.
• Don sauƙaƙe matsalolin damuwa yayin birki da hanzari, za a iya ƙara ruwan ganyen ganye tare da sandunan a tsaye.
• Ana ƙara ruwan marmarowar ganye tare da masu jan hankali.
• Don halaye na ci gaba na bazara, an ƙara shi tare da ƙarin ruwan wukake (canjin mataki a cikin taurin kai a babban kaya) - bogies.
• Ba kasafai ake amfani da irin wannan gatarin don dakatar da motocin fasinja da motocin kasuwanci masu haske ba.

Panhard bar 

Don haɓaka aikin tuki da kwanciyar hankali na motar, ya zama dole cewa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abin da ake kira daidaitacce duka a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya da a tsaye.

A zamanin yau, maɓuɓɓugar coil da aka fi amfani da su suna maye gurbin maɓuɓɓugan ganyen da aka yi amfani da su a baya, muhimmin aiki wanda, ban da bazara, shi ma shugabanci ne. Koyaya, maɓuɓɓugar coil ba su da wannan aikin (ba su watsa kusan babu ikon jagora).

A cikin madaidaiciyar hanyar, ana amfani da sandar Panhard ko layin Watt don jagorantar axis.

Game da sanda na Panhard, shine kashin fata wanda ke haɗa gatarin axle zuwa firam ko jikin abin hawa. Rashin hasashen wannan ƙirar shine ƙaurawar a kaikaice na axle dangane da abin hawa yayin dakatarwa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar ta'aziyar tuƙi. Za a iya kawar da wannan hasarar ta mafi ƙanƙanta ƙira kuma, idan ya yiwu, hawa a kwance na sandar Panhard.

                                                   

Watt line

Layin watt shine tsarin da ake amfani da shi don ketare gatari mai tsauri na baya. An yi masa suna ne bayan wanda ya kirkiro shi James Watt.

Hannayen manya da na ƙasa dole ne su zama tsayinsu iri ɗaya kuma axle yana motsa kai tsaye zuwa hanya. Lokacin tuƙi da gatari mai tsauri, an ɗora tsakiyar ɓangaren maƙallan jagorar a kan gatarin axle kuma ana haɗa shi da levers zuwa jiki ko firam ɗin abin hawa.

Wannan haɗin yana ba da madaidaicin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar axle, yayin kawar da motsi na gefe wanda ke faruwa a yanayin dakatarwa yayin amfani da sanda na Panhard.

Jagorar axis mai tsayi

Layin Watt da Panhard tura sun daidaita gatarin a gefe kawai, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin jagora don canja wurin sojojin dogon lokaci. Don yin wannan, ana amfani da madaidaicin madaidaitan makamai. A aikace, galibi ana amfani da mafita masu zuwa:

• Hannun hannu biyu masu biyo baya shine nau'in mafi sauƙi, ainihin maye gurbin jagorar leɓe.
• Hannun hannu huɗu masu biyo baya - ba kamar nau'ikan makamai ba, a cikin wannan ƙirar, ana kiyaye daidaiton axis yayin dakatarwa. Duk da haka, rashin amfani yana da ɗan ƙaramin nauyi da ƙira mafi rikitarwa.
• Zaɓin na uku shine a tuƙi axle tare da lefi masu tsayi biyu da masu karkata. A wannan yanayin, sauran biyun na karkatar da makamai kuma suna ba da damar ɗaukar sojojin gefe, don haka kawar da buƙatar ƙarin jagora ta gefe ta mashigin Panhard ko madaidaiciyar layin Watt.

M axle tare da 1 transverse da 4 trailing makamai

• 4 makamai masu tafiya suna jagorantar gatari a tsaye.
• Kashin fata (Panhard sanda) yana daidaita gatarin a gefe.
• An tsara tsarin kinematically don amfani da haɗin ƙwallon ƙafa da ɗaukar roba.
• Lokacin da aka sanya manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a bayan gatari, hanyoyin suna fuskantar matsin lamba yayin birki.

De-Dion m axle

Count De Dion ya fara amfani da wannan gatarin a cikin 1896 kuma tun daga lokacin an yi amfani dashi azaman na baya a cikin motocin fasinjoji da motocin wasanni.

Wannan gatari yana ɗaukar wasu kaddarorin ƙaƙƙarfan gatari, musamman rigidity da haɗin haɗin ƙafafun ƙafa. Ana haɗa ƙafafun ta hanyar gada mai tsauri wanda ke jagorantar ta madaidaiciyar Watt line ko mashaya Panhard wanda ke jan ƙarfin gefe. Ana gyara jagorar a tsaye a tsaye ta wasu biyun lanƙwasa. Ba kamar m axle, watsa aka saka a kan jiki ko frame na abin hawa, da kuma karfin juyi da ake daukar kwayar cutar zuwa ƙafafun ta amfani da m tsawon PTO shafts.

Godiya ga wannan ƙirar, nauyin da ba shi da nauyi yana raguwa sosai. Tare da irin wannan gatari, ana iya sanya birki na diski kai tsaye akan watsawa, yana ƙara rage nauyi mara nauyi. A halin yanzu, ba a sake amfani da irin wannan maganin ba, damar ganin ta, alal misali, akan Alfa Romeo 75.

• Yana rage girman yawan talakawan da ba a san su ba.
• Ana saka akwati na gear + + birki (birki) a jiki.
• Kawai ƙaramin ci gaba cikin ta'aziyyar tuƙi idan aka kwatanta da madaidaicin gatari.
• Maganin ya fi sauran hanyoyin tsada.
• Ana aiwatar da kwanciyar hankali na gefe da na tsaye ta amfani da watt-drive (Panhard rod), stabilizer (kwanciyar hankali a kaikaice) da bin diddigin makamai (tsayin tsayi).
• Ana buƙatar ƙaura PTO shafts.

Dakatar da ƙafafun masu zaman kansu

• Ƙara ta'aziyya da aikin tuƙi.
• Nauyin nauyi mara nauyi (watsawa da rarrabuwar kawuna ba ɓangaren axle ba ne).
• Akwai isasshen sarari tsakanin ɗakin don adana injin ko wasu abubuwan tsarin abin hawa.
• A matsayinka na mai mulki, ƙarin hadaddun gini, samarwa mafi tsada.
• Ƙananan aminci da saurin sawa.
• Bai dace da ƙasa mara kyau ba.

Tsarin trapezoidal

An kafa ginshiƙan trapezoidal ta manyan kasusuwa da ƙashin ƙugu, wanda ke samar da trapezoid lokacin da aka tsara shi cikin jirgin sama. Hannun suna haɗe ko dai a kan gatari, ko a jikin abin hawa, ko, a wasu lokuta, zuwa watsawa.

Ƙarfin hannu yawanci yana da tsari mai ƙarfi saboda watsawar a tsaye da mafi girman rabo na sojojin a tsaye / a kaikaice. Hannun babba kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta saboda dalilai na sararin samaniya, kamar gatarin gaba da wurin watsawa.

An ɗora levers ɗin a cikin gandun daji na roba, galibi maɓuɓɓugan suna haɗe zuwa ƙananan hannun. A lokacin dakatarwa, karkatar da ƙafa, yatsun kafa da ƙafafun ƙafa, wanda ke shafar halayen tuƙin abin hawa. Don kawar da wannan sabon abu, mafi kyawun ƙirar haikalin yana da mahimmanci, kazalika da gyaran geometry. Sabili da haka, yakamata a ɗora makamai a layi ɗaya gwargwadon iyawa don maƙallan ƙafafun ya kasance mafi nisa daga ƙafafun.

Wannan maganin yana rage karkatar da dabaran da sauyawa dabaran yayin dakatarwa. Koyaya, abin hasara shine cewa tsakiyar karkatar da gatarin an daidaita shi zuwa jirgin saman hanya, wanda ke yin mummunan tasiri akan matsayin karkatar da abin hawa. A aikace, levers suna da tsayi daban -daban, waɗanda ke canza kusurwar da suke yi lokacin da motar ta hau. Har ila yau, yana canza matsayi na karkatar da keken na yanzu da matsayin tsakiyar karkatar da gatari.

Aikin trapezoidal na madaidaicin ƙira da geometry yana ba da tabbacin jagorar ƙafafun da kyau don haka kyawawan halayen tuƙin abin hawa. Koyaya, rashin amfani shine tsarin da ke da rikitarwa da ƙimar masana'anta mafi girma. A saboda wannan dalili, a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi a cikin motoci mafi tsada (tsakiyar zuwa babban ƙarshen ko motocin wasanni).

Za'a iya amfani da madaidaicin trapezoidal azaman tuƙi na gaba da tuƙin tuƙi ko azaman na baya da tuƙi.

Gyaran Macpherson

Mafi yawan nau'in axle da aka fi amfani da shi tare da dakatarwa mai zaman kanta shine MacPherson (wanda aka fi sani da McPherson), mai suna bayan mai tsara Earl Steele MacPherson.

An samo guntun McPherson daga madaidaicin trapezoidal inda aka maye gurbin babban hannu ta hanyar dogo mai zamewa. Don haka, saman ya fi ƙaramin ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin ƙarin sarari don tsarin tuƙi ko. girma akwati (raya aksali). Ƙarfin hannu gabaɗaya yana da siffa mai kusurwa uku kuma, kamar yadda yake tare da guntun trapezoidal, yana canja wurin babban rabo na sojojin a kaikaice da na tsayi.

Dangane da gatari na baya, wani lokacin ana amfani da kashin fata mafi sauƙi wanda ke watsa sojojin gefe kawai kuma ana haɗa shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, bi da bi. torsion stabilizer lever don watsa sojojin a tsaye. Ƙarfin da ke tsaye ana haifar da shi ta hanyar damper, wanda, duk da haka, dole ne kuma ya zama ƙarfin ƙarfi na tsarin mafi ƙarfi saboda nauyin.

A kan gatarin tuƙi na gaba, damper babba mai ɗaukar nauyi (sanda na piston) dole ne ya zama mai juyawa. Don hana bazarar murƙushewa daga karkacewa yayin juyawa, ƙarshen bazara yana goyan bayan juyawa ta hanyar abin nadi. An saka maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a kan gidan damper don kada a ɗora jujjuyawar da mayaƙan a tsaye kuma babu gogayya mai yawa a cikin ɗauka a ƙarƙashin nauyi na tsaye. Koyaya, haɓaka ƙwanƙwasawa yana tasowa daga lokacin na gefe da na ƙarfi a yayin hanzari, birki ko tuƙi. An kawar da wannan sabon abu ta hanyar mafita mai ƙira, misali tare da tallafin bazara mai karkata, tallafin roba don tallafi na sama, da ingantaccen tsari.

Wani sabon abin da ba a so shine yanayin canji mai mahimmanci a karkatar da keken ƙafa yayin dakatarwa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar aikin tuƙi da ta'aziyar tuki (girgizawa, watsa girgiza zuwa tuƙi, da sauransu). A saboda wannan dalili, ana yin gyare -gyare da gyare -gyare iri -iri don kawar da wannan lamari.

Fa'idar McPherson axle tsari ne mai sauƙi kuma mara tsada tare da ƙaramin adadin sassa. Baya ga kanana da arha motoci, ana amfani da gyare-gyare iri-iri na McPherson a tsakiyar motoci, galibi saboda ingantaccen ƙira, amma kuma ta hanyar rage farashin samarwa a ko'ina.

Ana iya amfani da gatarin McPherson azaman tuƙi na gaba da tukin tuƙi ko azaman na baya da tuƙi.

Crankshaft

• An kafa ginshiƙin crank ta hanyar bin hannu tare da juyawa mai juyawa (daidai da jirgin sama mai tsayi na abin hawa), waɗanda aka ɗora su a cikin abubuwan roba.
• Don rage ƙarfin da ke aiki akan tallafin hannu (musamman, rage nauyin tsaye a kan goyan bayan), girgizawa da watsa amo ga jiki, ana sanya maɓuɓɓugan kusa kusa da wurin tuntuɓar taya tare da ƙasa. ...
• A lokacin dakatarwar, kawai abin hawa na motar yana canzawa, karkatar da ƙafafun ba ta canzawa.
• Ƙananan masana'antu da farashin aiki.
• Yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, kuma ana iya sanya ƙasan gangar jikin ƙasa - dace da kekunan tasha da hatchbacks.
• An fi amfani da shi don tuki axles na baya kuma da wuya a matsayin tuki.
• Canjin karkatarwa yana samuwa ne kawai lokacin da aka karkatar da jiki.
• Ana amfani da sandunan torsion (PSA) don dakatarwa.
• Lalacewar ita ce mahimmin gangara na masu lanƙwasa.

Za'a iya amfani da gatarin crank a matsayin gatarin da ake tukawa gaba ko a matsayin gatari mai juyawa.

Crankshaft tare da haɗe -haɗe masu haɗe -haɗe (torsionally m crankshaft)

A cikin wannan nau'in axle, ana dakatar da kowace ƙafa daga hannun hannu guda. An haɗa makaman da ke biye ta hanyar U-profile, wanda ke aiki azaman mai kwantar da hankali na gefe kuma yana ɗaukar sojojin gefe a lokaci guda.

Ƙunƙarar ƙwanƙwasawa tare da haɗaɗɗun makamai shine madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya daga mahangar kinematic, saboda idan an tura memba na giciye zuwa tsakiyar gindin ƙafafun (ba tare da yatsun hannu ba), to irin wannan dakatarwar zata mallaki kaddarorin m. axle.

Tsakiyar karkacewar gatari iri ɗaya ce da madaidaicin crank axis, amma tsakiyar karkatar da gatarin yana saman jirgin hanya. Aksali yana nuna hali daban -daban ko da an dakatar da ƙafafun. Tare da dakatarwar guda ɗaya na ƙafafun ƙafa biyu, kawai tushen abin hawa yana canzawa, amma a cikin yanayin dakatarwar dakatarwa ko dakatarwar ƙafa ɗaya kawai, karkatar da ƙafafun shima yana canzawa sosai.

An haɗa gatarin a jikin tare da haɗin ƙarfe-roba. Wannan haɗin yana tabbatar da ingantaccen tuƙi na axle lokacin da aka tsara shi da kyau.

• An haɗa kafadu na crankshaft ta madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya da sanda mai taushi mai ƙarfi (galibi U-dimbin yawa), wanda ke aiki azaman mai daidaitawa.
• Wannan shine miƙa mulki tsakanin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya.
• Dangane da dakatarwar da ke zuwa, karkacewar tana canzawa.
• Ƙananan masana'antu da farashin aiki.
• Yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, kuma ana iya sanya ƙasan gangar jikin ƙasa - dace da kekunan tasha da hatchbacks.
• Easy taro da disassembly.
• Nauyin nauyi na sassa marasa tushe.
• Kyakkyawan aikin tuƙi.
• A lokacin dakatarwar, ƙananan canje -canje a cikin yatsa da waƙa.
• Ƙarƙashin kai mai sarrafa kansa.
• Ba ya ƙyale juya ƙafafun - yi amfani da shi azaman gatari na baya.
• Yanayin wuce gona da iri saboda sojojin gefe.
• Babban nauyi mai nauyi a kan welds ɗin da ke haɗa makamai da sandar torsion a cikin bazara, wanda ke iyakance matsakaicin nauyin axial.
• Ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali a saman da ba daidai ba, musamman a kusurwoyi masu sauri.

Za'a iya amfani da gatarin crank tare da makamai masu haɗawa azaman madaidaicin motsi.

Pendulum (kusurwa) axis

Har ila yau ana kiranta karkatacciyar hanya bi da bi. oblique labule. Aksali yana da kama da gatari, amma sabanin yana da karkatacciyar karkatarwa, wanda ke haifar da sarrafa kai na axle yayin dakatarwa da tasirin abin da ke ƙasa akan abin hawa.

An haɗa ƙafafun a kan gatari ta amfani da leɓen cokula da tallafin ƙarfe-roba. A lokacin dakatarwa, karkacewar waƙa da ƙafa yana canzawa kaɗan. Tun da gatari baya ƙyale ƙafafun su juya, ana amfani da shi azaman na baya (galibi tuƙi). A yau an daina amfani da shi, mun saba gani a cikin motocin BMW ko Opel.

Multi-link axle

An yi amfani da wannan nau'in gatari a kan tsohuwar ƙirar Nissan, Maxima QX. Daga baya, ƙaramin Primera da Almera sun karɓi gatari na baya guda.

Dakatar da hanyoyin haɗi da yawa ya inganta ingantattun kaddarorin katako mai jujjuyawa mai jujjuyawa wanda tsarin ya dogara da shi. Don haka, Multilink yana amfani da katakon ƙarfe mai jujjuyawar U don haɗa ƙafafun baya, wanda yana da tauri sosai yayin lanƙwasa kuma, a gefe guda, yana da sauƙin sassauci lokacin juyawa. Ana amfani da katako a cikin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar jagorar haske, kuma a ƙarshen ƙarshensa ana riƙe shi a tsaye ta maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ɗorewa tare da masu jan hankali, bi da bi. Hakanan tare da madaidaicin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya a gaba.

Koyaya, maimakon madaidaicin katako na Panhard, yawanci ana haɗe shi a ƙarshen ƙarshen harsashin jikin ɗayan kuma zuwa gatari, axle yana amfani da nau'in haɗin mahaɗin mahaɗin Scott-Russell wanda ke ba da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na gefe da tuƙi. akan hanya.

Tsarin Scott-Russell ya haɗa da kashin fata da sanda mai sarrafawa. Kamar sandar Panhard, ita ma tana haɗa kashin fata da kuma katako mai sassauƙa ga jiki. Yana da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, wanda ke ba ku damar sanya hannayen da ke bin diddigin kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Ba kamar katako na Panhard ba, kashin abin hawa baya juyawa a madaidaicin wuri akan katako mai sassauƙa. An ɗaura shi da akwati na musamman, wanda yake da ƙarfi a tsaye amma mai sassauci a gefe. Rodan sandan kula da ya fi guntu yana haɗa kashin fata (kusan tsakiyar tsakiyar tsayinsa) da sandar torsion a cikin gidan waje. Lokacin da aka ɗaga ginshiƙan gungumen torsion kuma aka saukar da shi dangane da jiki, injin yana aiki kamar mashaya Panhard.

Koyaya, tunda kashin fata a ƙarshen katako na torsion na iya motsawa a gefe dangane da katako, yana hana gabaɗayan motsi daga motsi a gefe kuma a lokaci guda yana da ɗaga kamar madaidaicin mashaya Panhard.

Kafafun baya kawai suna tafiya a tsaye dangane da jiki, ba tare da banbanci tsakanin juyawa zuwa dama ko hagu ba. Wannan haɗin yana kuma ba da damar motsi kaɗan tsakanin tsakiyar juyawa da tsakiyar nauyi lokacin da aka ɗaga ko saukar da gatarin. Ko da tare da tsawon dakatarwar tafiya, an haɓaka don wasu samfuran don inganta ta'aziyya. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa za a tallafa wa motar ko da tare da babban dakatarwa ko kaifin kusurwa kusa da hanya, wanda ke nufin cewa ana kiyaye iyakar hulɗa da taya.

Ana iya amfani da gatarin Multilink azaman abin hawa na gaba-gaba, kazalika da gatarin tuƙi ko gatari na baya.

Multi-link axle - Multi-link axle

• Yana da kyau yana saita abubuwan kinematic da ake buƙata na ƙafafun.
• Ƙarin madaidaicin jagorar ƙafafun tare da canje -canjen geometry kaɗan.
• Tuki ta'aziyya da rawar jiki damping.
• Low gogayya bearings a damping naúrar.
• Canza ƙirar hannu ɗaya ba tare da canza ɗayan hannun ba.
• Hasken nauyi da ƙaramin sarari - ginanniyar sarari.
• Yana da ƙananan girma da nauyin dakatarwa.
• Ƙarin farashin masana'antu.
• Gajerewar rayuwar sabis (musamman roba bearings - tubalan shiru na mafi yawan lodin levers)

Ƙarƙashin yanki mai yawa yana dogara ne akan madaidaicin trapezoidal, amma ya fi buƙata dangane da gini kuma ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa. Ya ƙunshi madaidaiciyar a tsaye ko kusurwa uku. An sanya su ko dai juye -juye ko na tsawon lokaci, a wasu lokuta kuma a sarari (a cikin jiragen sama na kwance da na tsaye).

Ƙirar ƙira - 'yancin kai na levers yana ba ku damar raba daɗaɗɗen tsayin daka, juzu'i da rundunonin tsaye waɗanda ke aiki akan dabaran. An saita kowane hannu don watsa ƙarfin axial kawai. Manyan dakaru masu tsayin daka daga hanya suna ɗaukar manyan levers. Ana iya fahimtar sojojin da ke jujjuya su ta hannun madaidaicin tsayi daban-daban.

Kyakkyawan daidaitawar a kaikaice, a tsaye da taurin kai ma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan aikin tuƙi da ta'aziyar tuƙi. Dakatarwa kuma galibi mai jan abin birgewa galibi ana ɗora shi akan goyan baya, galibi mai wucewa, hannu. Don haka, wannan hannun yana fuskantar damuwa fiye da sauran, wanda ke nufin tsari mai ƙarfi ko. daban -daban kayan (misali karfe gaban aluminum gami).

Don ƙara haɓakar dakatarwar abubuwa masu yawa, ana amfani da abin da ake kira subframe - axle. An haɗa axle zuwa jiki tare da taimakon karfe-rubber bushings - tubalan shiru. Dangane da nauyin daya ko wata dabaran (maneuver evasion, cornering), kusurwar yatsan ya canza kadan.

Shock absorbers ana ɗora Kwatancen kadan tare da danniya na gefe (saboda haka ya karu), don haka za su iya zama ƙarami sosai kuma a saka su kai tsaye a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwan coaxially - zuwa tsakiyar. Dakatarwar ba ta rataye a cikin yanayi mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan jin daɗin tafiya.

Dangane da ƙimar masana'anta mafi girma, galibi ana amfani da gatari da yawa a cikin matsakaitan motoci da manyan motoci bi da bi. 'yan wasa.

Dangane da masana'antun mota, ƙirar ƙirar mahaɗin mahaɗin da kanta kanta ta bambanta ƙwarai. Gabaɗaya, wannan dakatarwar za a iya raba ta zuwa mafi sauƙi (3-link) da mafi rikitarwa (5 ko fiye levers).

• A cikin yanayin shigarwa na haɗin kai guda uku, maɓalli na tsaye da tsaye na ƙafafun yana yiwuwa, ciki har da juyawa a kusa da axis na tsaye, abin da ake kira digiri na 3 na 'yanci - amfani da tuƙi na gaba da axle na baya.
• Tare da hawan mahaɗa huɗu, ana ba da izinin motsi na dabaran tsaye, gami da juyawa a kusa da axis na tsaye, abin da ake kira digiri na 2 na 'yanci - amfani da tuƙi na gaba da axle na baya.
• A cikin yanayin shigarwa na haɗin haɗin biyar, kawai motsi na tsaye na ƙafar yana ba da izini, abin da ake kira 1 digiri na 'yanci - mafi kyawun jagorar dabarar, yi amfani da shi kawai a kan axle na baya.