Kayan aikin jirgin ruwa na yakin duniya na biyu

U 67 a Kudancin Atlantic. Masu lura da al'amura na kallon sararin sama, wanda aka kasu kashi hudu, cikin yanayi mai kyau a cikin faduwar shekara ta 1941.

Ikon gudanar da yakin ruwa na karkashin ruwa - yaki da jiragen ruwa na saman abokan gaba da masu jigilar kaya - ya dogara da mafi girman ikon gano abin da ake hari. Ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, musamman a cikin ruwa mara iyaka, mara iyaka na Tekun Atlantika, ga masu kallo daga ƙaramin kiosk na jirgin ruwa a gaban idanunsu. Jamusawa sun daɗe ba su san da fara yaƙin fasaha na ƙawance ba. Sa’ad da kwamandojin jiragen ruwa na U-boat suka gamsu a shekara ta 1942 cewa abokan gaba da ba a ganuwa ne ke bi su, masana kimiyyar Jamus sun fara yunƙurin ƙera kayan lantarki. Amma a lokacin da akasarin sabbin jiragen ruwa na U-kwale-kwale ke mutuwa a sintirinsu na farko, da jahilci tsarin da ake yi wa gidajen rediyon Allied, da lalata Enigma, da kuma kasancewar kungiyoyin da ke farautar su, babu abin da zai iya hana shan kashi na jiragen ruwan Jamus.

Na'urori don saka idanu idanu.

A farkon yakin Patriotic, babban hanyar lura da gano ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa shine ci gaba da lura da sararin samaniya, an raba shi zuwa sassa hudu, wanda aka gudanar ba tare da la'akari da yanayin yanayi ba, lokacin shekara da rana ta hanyar masu lura da hudu a kan conning. dandalin hasumiyar. A kan waɗannan mutane, musamman waɗanda aka zaɓa tare da mafi kyawun gani, suna ɗauke da agogon sa'o'i huɗu, yuwuwar samun nasara ya dogara ba ƙasa da sakin jirgin ruwa tare da rayuwa ba. Binoculars Carl Zeiss 7x50 (1943x magnification) tare da kyawawan kaddarorin gani sun ba da damar gano inuwa daga saman mast a sararin sama da wuri-wuri. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi mai hadari, a cikin ruwan sama ko sanyi, babbar matsala ita ce rashin lafiyar binoculars zuwa rigar gilashin ruwa tare da zubar da ruwa, da kuma lalacewar inji. A saboda wannan dalili, kiosk ya kamata ya kasance yana da kayan aiki, bushe, shirye don amfani da sauri, don ba da shi ga masu kallo idan an maye gurbinsu; ba tare da binoculars na aiki ba, masu lura sun kasance "makafi". Tun daga lokacin bazara na '8, U-Butwaff ya karbi ƙananan sababbin sababbin, gyare-gyaren 60 ×XNUMX binoculars, tare da jikin aluminum (kore ko yashi), tare da murfin roba da kuma maye gurbin daɗaɗɗen danshi. Saboda ƙananan adadinsu, waɗannan na'urori sun zama sanannun "masanin kwamandan jirgin ruwa", kuma saboda kyakkyawan aikin da suka yi, da sauri suka zama babban kofi da ake so ga kwamandojin ƙungiyoyin farautar jirgin ruwa.

periscopes

A cikin 1920, Jamusawa sun kafa NEDISCO (Nederlandsche Instrumenten Compagnie) a cikin Netherlands, wanda a zahiri wani reshe ne na jigilar kayan aikin soja na kamfanin Jamus Carl Zeiss na Jena. Tun farkon 30s. Kamfanin NEDINSCO ya samar da periscopes a masana'antar Venlo (don wannan dalili, an gina hasumiyar planetarium). Daga U-1935, gina a 1, har zuwa 1945, duk submarines sanye take da kamfanin periscopes: kananan bakin teku raka'a II tare da daya fama daya, kuma mafi girma Atlantic raka'a na VII, IX da XXI tare da biyu:

- sashin kulawa (gaba), yana aiki daga hedkwatar Luftziel-Seror (LSR) ko Nacht-Luftziel-Seror (NLSR);

- fama (baya), sarrafawa daga kiosk Angriff-Sehrohr (ASR).

Dukansu periscopes suna da zaɓuɓɓukan haɓakawa guda biyu: x1,5 (girman hoton da ido "tsirara" ya gani) da x6 (sau huɗu girman hoton da ido na "tsirara" ya gani). A zurfin nutsewar periscope, gefen sama na hasumiya mai ɗorewa yana kusan 6 m ƙasa da saman ruwa.