Jiragen yakin cacar baka na Burtaniya Nau'in 81 na kabilanci
Jiragen yakin cacar baka na Burtaniya Nau'in 81 na kabilanci. Jirgin HMS Tartar a cikin 1983, bayan kammala sake kunnawa mai alaƙa da Yaƙin Fakland/Malvinas. Bayan shekara guda, ta bar tutar sojojin ruwa ta Royal, ta kuma daga tutar Indonesia. Jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Westland Wasp HAS.1 shine makasudin jiragen ruwa na wannan ajin a wurin sauka. A gaban gadar kewayawa "'yan sanda" 20-mm "Oerlikons". Tarin Hotuna na Leo van Ginderen
Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Biritaniya ta fara wani babban shiri na gina jiragen ruwa tare da mai da hankali kan jiragen ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin yanke shawara na ci gaba da aka yi a yayin wannan aikin shine ƙirƙirar ayyuka don jiragen ruwa don dalilai daban-daban bisa ga wani katako na yau da kullum da ɗakin inji. Wannan an yi niyya duka biyu don haɓaka aikinsu da rage farashin rukunin.
Sai dai abin takaicin shi ne, ba da jimawa ba, wannan ra'ayin juyin juya hali bai yi tasiri ba, kuma an yi watsi da wannan tunanin a lokacin aikin gina jiragen ruwa na Salisbury da damisa. Wani ra'ayi na Admiralty, wanda, ko da yake yana da ƙarfin hali da haɗari, wani mataki ne a hanya mai kyau, watau. kera jirgin ruwa mai fa'ida da yawa mai iya aiwatar da ayyukan da aka sanya a baya zuwa sassa daban-daban. A wancan lokacin, an ba da fifiko ga yaki da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa (SDO), yaki da hare-haren iska (APL) da kuma ayyukan sa ido na radar (DRL). Bisa ka'ida, jiragen ruwa da aka gina bisa wannan ra'ayi zai zama hanya mai kyau don gudanar da ayyukan sintiri a lokacin yakin cacar baki da ke faruwa a wancan lokacin.
Da sunan mashahuran magabata
Kashi na farko na shirin ginin jirgin ruwa, wanda aka fara a shekara ta 1951, ya haifar da samun ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru guda uku: yaƙin yaƙi na ƙarƙashin ruwa (Nau'in 12 Whitby), yaƙin yaƙin iska (Nau'in 41 damisa) da kuma sa ido na radar (Nau'in 61 Salisbury). . Bayan fiye da shekaru 3, an gwada buƙatun sabbin rukunin sojojin ruwa na Royal Navy. A wannan karon ya kamata a sami adadi mai yawa na ingantattun jiragen ruwa.
Sabbin jiragen ruwa, wadanda daga baya aka fi sani da Nau’in 81, an kera su ne tun daga farko don su kasance masu manufa da yawa, masu iya aiwatar da dukkan muhimman ayyuka guda uku da aka ambata a kowane yanki na duniya, tare da mai da hankali musamman kan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Nisa. (ciki har da Gulf Persian, Gabas da Yammacin Indiya). Za su maye gurbin dakarun Loch-class na yakin duniya na biyu. Da farko dai an shirya jerin irin wadannan jiragen guda 23, amma saboda karin tsadar da aka yi na gina su, an kammala aikin gaba daya da bakwai...
Manufar sabbin jiragen ruwa sun haɗa da, musamman, yin amfani da babban jirgin ruwa fiye da na jiragen ruwa na baya, tare da cin gajiyar haɗuwa da siffofi na tururi da gas, da kuma shigar da karin bindigogi na zamani da SDO makamai. Daga karshe kwamitin kula da harkokin jiragen ruwa (SDPC) ya amince da shi a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1954. Cikakkun ƙira na sabbin raka'o'in an sanya wa suna a hukumance babban manufar jirgin ruwa (CPF) ko kuma mafi gama-gari (rakiya ta manufa). Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal ta karbe aikin rarraba jiragen ruwa a matsayin Sloopy a tsakiyar Disamba 1954. Wannan ya kasance yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da rukunin da aka yi amfani da su sosai a farkon rabin farkon karni na 60 da kuma lokacin yakin duniya na biyu don sintiri, nunin tuta da yaƙin jirgin ruwa (wanda ya samo asali cikin waɗannan ayyuka yayin yakin duniya na biyu). Sai kawai a tsakiyar 70s aka canza rabe-rabensu zuwa wanda aka yi niyya, watau. a kan jiragen ruwa masu amfani da yawa GPF aji II (Jirgin Manufa Gabaɗaya). Dalilin wannan canjin ya kasance mai ban sha'awa kuma yana da alaƙa da iyakancewar da NATO ta sanya akan Burtaniya don samun jimillar jiragen ruwa 1954 a cikin sabis. A cikin 81, aikin kuma ya sami lambar ƙima - nau'in XNUMX da sunan kansa Tribal, wanda ke magana game da halakar yakin duniya na biyu, da sunayen kowane jirgin ruwa ya ci gaba da ci gaba da al'ummomin yaƙi ko ƙabilun da ke zaune a mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.
Aikin Tribali na farko, wanda aka gabatar a watan Oktoba 1954, jirgi ne mai girman 100,6 x 13,0 x 8,5 m da makamai, gami da. 2 tagwaye 102 mm bindigogi bisa Mk XIX, 40-man Bofors 70 mm L/10, jug (turmi) PDO Mk 20 Limbo (tare da harsashi don 8 volleys), 533,4 guda 2 mm torpedo tubes da 51 quadruple 6 mm torpedo tubes rokat masu jefarwa. Don samun damar cika abubuwan da ake buƙata don sa ido kan radar, an yanke shawarar shigar da radar mai dogon zango na SPS-162C na Amurka. Na'urar sonar za ta ƙunshi nau'ikan sonar 170, 176 (don samar da bayanan bincike don tsarin Limbo), 177 da XNUMX. An shirya sanya masu sarrafa su cikin manyan makamai masu linzami guda biyu a ƙarƙashin fuselage.
