Manufar da ka'idar aiki na tsarin shaye-shaye

A lokacin aikin injin mota, ana samar da samfuran konewa waɗanda ke da babban zafin jiki kuma suna da guba sosai. An ba da tsarin shaye-shaye a cikin ƙirar motar don sanyaya su da cire su daga silinda, da kuma rage yawan gurɓataccen muhalli. Wani aikin wannan tsarin shine rage hayaniyar inji. Tsarin shaye-shaye ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa, kowanne yana da takamaiman aiki.

Shaye tsarin

Babban aikin da ake fitarwa shine don kawar da iskar gas mai kyau daga injin silinda, rage yawan guba da matakin ƙara. Sanin abin da aka kera na'urar shaye-shaye na mota zai iya taimaka maka ka fahimci yadda yake aiki da abin da ke haifar da matsalolin da za a iya fuskanta. Zane na daidaitaccen tsarin shaye-shaye ya dogara da nau'in man da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma kan ka'idodin muhalli masu dacewa. Tsarin shaye-shaye na iya ƙunsar abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Exhaust manifold - yana yin aikin cire gas da sanyaya (tsaftacewa) na silinda injin. An yi shi da kayan da ke jure zafi saboda matsakaicin zafin iskar iskar gas yana tsakanin 700°C da 1000°C.
• Bututun gaba bututu ne mai rikitarwa tare da flanges don hawa zuwa da yawa ko zuwa turbocharger.
• Mai canza mai catalytic (wanda aka shigar a cikin injunan gas na Euro-2 da ma'aunin muhalli mafi girma) yana kawar da mafi yawan abubuwan cutarwa CH, NOx, CO daga iskar gas, mai da su cikin tururin ruwa, carbon dioxide da nitrogen.
• Mai kama harshen wuta - shigar da shi a cikin sifofin shaye-shaye na motoci maimakon mai kara kuzari ko tacewa (a matsayin maye gurbin kasafin kuɗi). An ƙera shi don rage ƙarfi da zafin rafin iskar gas ɗin da ke fita daga magudanar ruwa. Ba kamar mai kara kuzari ba, ba ya rage adadin abubuwan da ke da guba a cikin iskar gas, amma kawai yana rage nauyi a kan mufflers.
• Binciken Lambda - ana amfani dashi don saka idanu akan matakin iskar oxygen a cikin iskar gas. Akwai iya zama ɗaya ko biyu na'urori masu auna iskar oxygen a cikin tsarin. A kan injunan zamani (in-line) tare da mai kara kuzari, ana shigar da firikwensin 2.
• Tace particulate (wajibi na wajibi na tsarin shayewar injin dizal) - yana cire soot daga iskar gas. Yana iya haɗa ayyukan mai haɓakawa.
• Resonator (pre-silencer) da babban shiru - rage shaye amo.
• Bututu - yana haɗa sassa daban-daban na tsarin sharar mota zuwa tsari ɗaya.

Yadda tsarin shaye-shaye ke aiki

A cikin classic version na man fetur injuna, da shaye tsarin na mota aiki kamar haka:

• Ana buɗe bawul ɗin shaye-shaye na injin kuma ana cire iskar gas ɗin tare da ragowar man da ba a ƙone ba daga silinda.
• Gas ɗin da ke fitowa daga kowace Silinda na shiga cikin mashigin shaye-shaye, inda ake haɗa su zuwa rafi ɗaya.
• Ta hanyar bututun shaye-shaye, iskar iskar iskar gas da ke fitowa daga mashigin shaye-shaye suna wucewa ta hanyar binciken lambda na farko ( firikwensin iskar oxygen), wanda ke yin rajistar adadin iskar oxygen da ke cikin iskar. Dangane da wannan bayanan, sashin kula da lantarki yana daidaita yawan amfani da man fetur da rabon iskar mai.
• Daga nan sai iskar gas suka shiga cikin ma’aunin kuzari, inda suke mayar da martani ta hanyar sinadarai tare da oxidizing karafa (platinum, palladium) da rage karafa (rhodium). A wannan yanayin, zafin aiki na gas dole ne ya kasance aƙalla 300 ° C.
• A wurin fitowar mai kara kuzari, iskar gas ta ratsa ta hanyar bincike na lambda na biyu, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a tantance yanayin mai canzawa.
• Gas ɗin da aka tsabtace da aka tsaftace sannan su shiga cikin resonator sannan kuma muffler, inda shayarwar ke jujjuyawa (ƙunƙasa, faɗaɗa, jujjuyawa, jan hankali), wanda ke rage ƙarar ƙarar.
• An riga an fitar da iskar gas da ke fitowa daga babban magudanar ruwa zuwa sararin samaniya.

Tsarin shaye-shaye na injin dizal yana da wasu fasali:

• Gas mai fitar da iskar gas da ke barin silinda suna shiga cikin yawan shaye-shaye. Matsakaicin zafin iskar gas na injin dizal ya bambanta daga 500 zuwa 700 ° C.
• Daga nan sai su shiga turbocharger, wanda ke haifar da haɓakawa.
• Gas masu fitar da iskar gas suna wucewa ta cikin firikwensin iskar oxygen kuma su shiga cikin tacewa, inda aka cire abubuwa masu cutarwa.
• A ƙarshe, shaye-shayen ya ratsa ta cikin ma'ajin motar ya fita zuwa cikin yanayi.

Ci gaban tsarin shaye-shaye yana da alaƙa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba tare da tsaurara matakan muhalli don aikin mota. Misali, daga nau'in Euro-3, shigar da na'ura mai kara kuzari da tacewa ga injunan man fetur da dizal ya zama tilas, kuma maye gurbin su da mai kama wuta ana daukarsa a matsayin keta doka.