Baya a baya: tarihin Skoda - Skoda

Kuna iya tunanin cewa Åkoda yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun mota guda huɗu a duniya? Kuma har yanzu! Bugu da ƙari, a wani lokaci kamfanin yana sarrafa kusan dukkanin masana'antar ƙarfe na Czechoslovakia kuma ya kera irin waɗannan motoci na fasaha waɗanda sauran suka yi kama da rikitarwa, kamar akwatin Tik-Takov. Abin sha'awa, duk abin ya fara ba da mota ba.

Yana da wuya cewa ana iya matse layin ɗan kasuwa cikin mutum ɗaya mai hangen nesa. Sa’an nan za mu zama alloli, kuma hakan zai sa waɗanda suke “kan dutse” cikin haɗari. Don haka, dole ne mutane biyu da farko su hadu, mai hangen nesa kuma mai ciniki, don duniya ta juya baya. Mafi kyawun sashi shine sun hadu a ƙarshen karni.

Muna magana ne game da Vaclavs guda biyu. Daya yana da gemu, ɗayan yana da gashin baki. Daya ma’aikacin akawu ne, daya kuma makanike. Clement da Lauryn sun buge shi kuma a cikin 1895 sun yanke shawarar kera kekuna. Me yasa kekuna? Clement ya saya wa kansa babur Germania VI, wanda ya zama na mata har yana da ban tsoro don hawa. Ya ɓullo da nasa, mafi m tsarin, wanda Laurin yaba - tare da suka halitta Slavia kamfanin, wanda ya fara shi duka. Kawai cewa bai isa ba don ƙirƙirar kamfani - kuna buƙatar haskakawa da wani abu.

Lauryn da Clement suna can. An jawo su zuwa irin waɗannan sabbin fasahohin fasaha kuma suka haɓaka kasuwancinsu cikin sauri har masu fafatawa suka fara bugun kawunansu da bango. Sun ci gasar tseren keke, kuma wata rana sun yanke shawarar haɗa injin zuwa keke - bingo! A shekara ta 1898, "babur" nasu ya zama babur na zamani na farko a duk Turai. Kuma wannan ba kome ba ne - L&K kayayyaki sun fara shiga cikin gasa na motsa jiki. Daya daga cikinsu ta samu irin wannan gagarumin jagoranci a gangamin Paris-Berlin da ake nema cewa… an hana ta! Alkalan sun yanke shawarar cewa unicorn zai yi saurin gudu a gaban gidansu fiye da yadda babur ya kasance abin dogaro. Duk da haka - zane ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai. Kuma irin wannan tallan ya ishe L&K don sha'awar dillalan waƙa biyu daga kusan ko'ina cikin Turai. Duk da haka, wannan bai isa ga Vaclavs ba, kuma a cikin 1905 sun kirkiro mota ta farko, Voiturette. Yana da sauƙi a yi la'akari da cewa kamfanin nan da nan ya zama babban dan wasa a duniya na motoci, amma matsaloli sun tashi da sauri - asusun banki "bushe".

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an warware matsalar - an ƙirƙiri wani kamfani na haɗin gwiwa, wanda aka sayar da hannun jarin da sauri fiye da yara a filin wasa. A ƙarshe, mutane da yawa sun so su sami aƙalla yanki na irin wannan kamfani na musamman da kansu. An yi sa'a, Clement da Lauryn ba su gudu zuwa wurin mai haɓakawa da kuɗin ba kuma suka sayi wani gida mai dakuna biyar wanda ke da ɗakin Rottweiler mai ruwan hoda. Maimakon haka, sun jawo hankalin mafi kyawun injiniyoyi, masu sana'a da 'yan wasa ga kamfanin, sun sayi ƙananan masana'antu da yawa kuma sun fadada tayin - yana yiwuwa a saya ba kawai motocin wasanni ba, har ma da manyan motoci da SUVs. An yi la'akarin har ma da garmaho masu sarrafa kansu da mafi kyau a Turai. Duk da haka, wannan ba kome ba ne, a cikin 1912 kamfanin ya shiga cikin damuwa na gaske.

L&K ya yanke shawarar siyan masana'antar motar RAF. Kuma ba zai zama abin mamaki ba idan RAF bai wakilci ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman matakan samar da injin a duniya ba. A lokacin, yana da kyau cewa, bayan samun L&K, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni huɗu da Knight ya ba da lasisi don haɗa igiyoyi har ma da tsara su. Amma menene tsarin Knight da gaske? Har sai an ƙirƙira tsarin lokaci na bawul mai sarrafa wutar lantarki a cikin 90s, wannan tsarin ya tabbatar da aikin injin mai santsi. Kusan cikakke kamar yadda yake cikin raka'a 12-Silinda - kuma wannan shine 1912. Tabbas, lokacin da aka haɗa wannan duka, yana da wahala sosai cewa bayan mako guda na haɗa irin waɗannan raka'a, zaku iya siyan Neurosis, amma babban abu anan shine daraja. A lokacin yakin, kamfanin a fili bai daina kera motoci ba, duk da cewa ya fi mai da hankali kan kera manyan motoci. Bayan yakin, har ma ta fara aiki da injinan jiragen sama, amma matsalar ita ce ba ta san komai game da hakan ba. Koyaya, horarwa a Faransa da lasisi don rukunin Lorraine-Dietrich mai ƙarfi 3-jere 12 ya isa L&K don shiga mafi kyawun, saboda suna da injin silinda 12 akan siyarwa. Allah yana cikin lafiya. Amma ko da mafi kyawun labari dole ne ya rabu da wata rana. A cikin 1925, rikicin tattalin arziki ya mamaye duniya, kuma L&K dole ne su ceci kansu ko ta yaya. Kuma meye haka? Wannan ya zama mai yiwuwa godiya ga haɗin gwiwa tare da giant Czechoslovak na biyu - Åkoda.

Kuna iya tsammani cewa kamfanin Cody ya san game da samar da motoci kamar yadda mutumin yake game da yara. Haka ne, ya yi ƙoƙarin kera motoci a ƙarƙashin lasisi, amma manyan ayyukansa sun haɗa da ƙarfe da injiniyoyi. An kafa masana'antar a cikin 1859 bisa umarnin Count Waldstein, kuma mai hangen nesa yana da abubuwa da yawa kamar Poland tare da biliyoyin kudi a cikin asusunta, don haka bayan shekaru 10 a kasuwa, kawai ya yi fatara. A lokacin ne Daraktanta na karshe, matashi Emil Akoda mai shekaru 27 ya sayi masana’antar.

Yana da kyau a ce mai gani ne. Ya ga fiye da kawai narkawar karfe. A lokacin ne masana'antu masu nauyi ke bunƙasa, don haka Emil ya fara gwaji da ƙarfe-karfe. Bugu da kari, ya samar da bindigogi, masana'antu, da kuma daga baya duk watsawa da kuma propulsion na jiragen ruwa. Har ila yau an shigar da injinan ruwa nasa a Niagara Falls - irin wannan shigarwa akan ci gaba yana da ban sha'awa a yau. A cikin 1899, Åkoda ya canza zuwa kamfani, kuma bayan shekara guda ya zama damuwa, saboda Emil ya mutu. A lokacin yakin, kamar L&K, an tsunduma cikin kera injunan jirage, daga baya kuma motoci masu lasisi. Ta ci gaba da karbar wasu kananan kamfanoni da masana'antu, har sai da ta ci karo da kato na biyu - L&K.

Haɗin ya taimaka duka Laurin & Klement da Kod. Kamfanin ya canza sunansa zuwa Åkoda Group kuma ya zama ɗan wasa mai mahimmanci a kasuwa. A cikin 1930, kamfanin ASAP har ma ya tashi daga damuwa, wanda aikinsa, a takaice, shine kawai samar da motoci. Kuma ta yi kyau. Lokacin da, a cikin 1934, kamfanin ya yanke shawarar a ƙarshe ya saki motar da ba ta da tsada wanda za'a iya saya ba tare da yin rikici da shaidan ba, a karkashin lambar 418 Popular, kasuwa ta yi hauka. Sauran samfuran Czechoslovakia kamar Tatra, Prague da Aero har yanzu suna aiki, amma da alama za su iya canza duniyar ta yadda Joda kawai ba zai ɗauke su ba - kuma tana son yin hakan. Ci gaban kamfanin ya katse sakamakon barkewar yakin duniya na biyu.

Kwamandojin soji sun matse cikin kundin tsarin gudanarwa kuma sun canza bayanan kamfanin zuwa soja. Wata hanya ko wata, za mu iya a amince da cewa mamayewar Jamhuriyar Czech ya faru daidai ne domin karbe kamfanin. Gaskiya ne - masana'antun Jamus sun sha wahala kafin haɗewar L&K-Å koda, ya kasance kamar ruwan wukake na filastik a kan guduma mai huhu, don haka samun duk wannan ya zama dole don cin nasara a Turai da duniya. Tabbas, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da kera motoci, saboda Jamhuriyar Czech ba ta shiga cikin tashin hankali ba, amma daga yanzu masana'antar soja ta zama babban aikin kamfanin. To, babu wani abu da za a yi sai jira - har zuwa 1946.

Czechoslovakia ta sake hadewa kuma an maido da daular Akode da sauri kuma tattalin arzikin gurguzu ya karbe shi. Ya canza suna zuwa AZNP kuma ya zama abin damuwa mallakar gwamnati, kodayake an mayar da hankali kan kera motoci. A cikin Gabashin Bloc, wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki. A cikin 40s, ba a ƙirƙiri wani sabon samfurin ba, kawai masu zane-zane, kamar mutane masu hankali, sun zana sababbin ayyuka, wanda, a ƙarshe, babu wanda ke sha'awar ko ta yaya kuma bai ga bambanci sosai tsakanin su da takarda bayan gida ba. Domin bana son gani. Haske a cikin rami ya bayyana a cikin 1953. Abin tambaya kawai shine, shin da gaske ne ƙarshen ramin ya ƙare, ko kuma watakila tsakiyar yana tseren kai tsaye zuwa Akod?

Ba tsaka-tsaki ba ne. A ƙarshe kamfanin ya saki sabon Coda Spartak, kuma a cikin 1959 Octavia. Wannan karshen ya haifar da tashin hankali a kasuwa wanda ziyarar Sophia Loren a Poland ba ta nufin komai a gare ta - kamfanin a hankali ya sake komawa saman. Har zuwa ƙarshen 80s, jeri yana ci gaba da fadadawa, irin waɗannan taurari kamar samfurin 1000MB, jerin 100, 120 da 130 an ƙirƙira su - wani lokaci da suka wuce muna iya ganin su a kan hanyoyinmu. Cars na wannan alama ya zama halayyar a daya girmamawa - sun kasance limousines tare da raya engine. A cikin marigayi 80s, kusan babu wanda ya samar da irin waɗannan kayayyaki, wanda ya sa Åkoda ya zama ainihin asali a wannan batun. A lokacin ne "juyin juya hali" ya kawo karshen zamanin gurguzu a Czechoslovakia, kuma daga karshe Åkoda Favorit ya fara aiki. Injin gaba, motar gaba, farashi mai ma'ana, ƙirar Bertone - dole ne a siyar da shi. Kuma an sayar da shi, kawai bayan lalata damuwa ta hanyar tattalin arzikin gurguzu na dogon lokaci, bai isa ba.

Burin kowace baiwa ta sami bangaren dama. Skoda ya bi wannan shawarar kuma ya sami Volkswagen a cikin 1991. Maimakon haka, Volkswagen ya samo shi. Shi ke nan komai ya canza. Dama, tsarin samarwa, masana'antu, kayan aiki - Åkoda wani masana'anta ne wanda ke da "jikinsa" a cikin 90s, amma ya tuna da Austria-Hungary a matsayin "ruhu" - Volkswagen kawai ya ta da shi. Sakamakon ba dole ba ne ya jira dogon lokaci - Felicia ya shiga layin taro a 1995, amma babban nasara na farko ya jira wata shekara. A lokacin ne Octavia ya shiga kasuwa, wanda aka gina bisa tushen VW Golf IV. Mutane sun ruga zuwa gare ta - ta tattara kyaututtuka da yawa, ta ga nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, kuma gasar ta fara hayar 'yan duba da takardun rubutu don aika annoba ga masana'antun Masar. A banza - a cikin 1999, godiya ga kadan Fabia, kulawa ya zama mafi girma. Volkswagen ya san cewa tare da samun wannan alama, ya gaji wasu ɓatattun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kuma don haka ya ba wa kamfanin amanar babban aikin farko.

Lkoda ya ƙirƙiri sabon bene don Fabia, Polo da Ibiza a cikin gida. Ba a yi haka ba, don haka yana da sauƙi a yi la'akari da cewa bayan karbar aikin, hukumomin Volkswagen sun tafi wani taron haɗin gwiwa mai ban haushi - ƙirar ta zama cikakke. Bayan aikin, an ba Åkoda kusan cikakkiyar 'yancin yin aiki a cikin ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira sabbin sigogin. Ta yi amfani da yardar kaina da fasaha nasarori na Volkswagen, wanda a wasu lokuta ya ba da ra'ayi cewa baki suna aiki a kansu. Godiya ga wannan, ta zama Goose wanda ke yin ƙwai na zinariya, kuma, duk da mummunar bala'in da ya faru, ta ci gaba da samar da motoci. Labari ne mai kyau, godiya ga gaskiyar cewa sama da shekaru 100 da suka gabata Clement ba ya son sabon keken nasa na Jamus...