Zamantakewar Jirgin Saman Dabarun Amurka
Rundunar sojin saman Amurka tana aiki da jiragen Boeing E-4B Nightwatch guda hudu da ke aiki a matsayin Cibiyar Kula da zirga-zirgar Jiragen Sama ta Gwamnatin Amurka (NEACP).
Sojojin sama da na ruwa na Amurka suna da shirye-shiryen sabunta jiragen sama a cibiyoyin sarrafa nukiliya. Rundunar sojin saman Amurka na shirin maye gurbin jiragenta na jiragen Boeing E-4B Nigthwatch guda hudu da wani dandali mai girman gaske da aiki. Rundunar sojin ruwan Amurka, ta na son aiwatar da na’urar Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 da aka gyara yadda ya kamata, wanda ya kamata ya maye gurbin jiragen Boeing E-6B Mercury guda goma sha shida a nan gaba.
Wuraren da aka ambata a baya jiragen sama ne masu mahimmancin dabaru, suna ba da damar sadarwa yayin lalacewa ko kawar da cibiyoyin yanke shawara na ƙasa na Amurka. Ya kamata su bar hukumomin gwamnati - shugaban kasa ko membobin gwamnatin Amurka (NCA - National Command Authority) su tsira - yayin rikicin nukiliya. Godiya ga duka dandamalin biyu, hukumomin Amurka na iya ba da umarni da suka dace game da makamai masu linzami na ballistic tsakanin nahiyoyi da ke cikin ma'adinan karkashin kasa, masu kai harin bama-bamai masu dabarun nukiliya da jiragen ruwa na makami mai linzami.
Ayyuka "Ta hanyar Gilashin Kallon" da "Kallon Dare"
A watan Fabrairun 1961, Rundunar Sojan Sama (SAC) ta kaddamar da Operation Ta hanyar Gilashin Kallon. Manufarsa ita ce ta ci gaba da yin amfani da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu da ke gudanar da ayyukan cibiyar umarni da sarrafa makaman nukiliya (ABNKP - Airborne Command Post). An zaɓi jirgin sama mai ɗaukar man fetur Boeing KC-135A Stratotanker shida don wannan manufa, wanda aka keɓe EC-135A. Da farko, suna aiki ne kawai a matsayin tashoshin rediyo mai tashi. Duk da haka, a cikin 1964, an sanya jiragen 17 EC-135C zuwa sabis. Waɗannan dandamali ne na musamman na ABNCP sanye take da tsarin ALCS (Tsarin Kaddamar da Jirgin Sama), wanda ke ba da damar harba makamai masu linzami daga nesa daga masu harba ƙasa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa na yakin cacar baka, umarnin SAC ya yi amfani da jiragen sama na ABNCP daban-daban don gudanar da Ayyuka ta hanyar Gilashin Kallon, kamar EC-135P, EC-135G, EC-135H da EC-135L.
A tsakiyar shekarun 60, Pentagon ta kaddamar da wani aiki mai kama da juna mai suna Night Watch. Manufarta ita ce ta kula da shirye-shiryen yaki da jiragen da ke aiki a matsayin cibiyoyin kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na shugaban kasa da kuma bangaren zartarwa na kasar (NEACP - National Emergency Airborne Command Post). A duk wani rikici, rawar da suke takawa ita ce ta kwashe shugaban kasa da mambobin gwamnatin Amurka. An zabo tankokin KC-135B guda uku da aka gyara bisa ga ma'aunin EC-135J don gudanar da ayyukan NEACP. A farkon 70s, an ƙaddamar da wani shiri don maye gurbin jirgin EC-135J tare da sabon dandamali. A watan Fabrairun 1973, Boeing ya sami kwangilar samar da jiragen Boeing 747-200B da aka gyara, wanda aka keɓance E-4A. E-Systems sun karɓi oda don kayan aikin jiragen sama da na sadarwa. A cikin 1973, sojojin saman Amurka sun sayi ƙarin B747-200Bs guda biyu. Na huɗu an sanye shi da ƙarin kayan aiki na zamani, gami da. eriyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam na tsarin MILSTAR kuma saboda haka ya karɓi sunan E-4B. A ƙarshe, zuwa Janairu 1985, duk E-4As guda uku an inganta su kuma an sanya su E-4B. Zaɓin B747-200B a matsayin dandamali na Watch Night ya ba da izinin ƙirƙirar gwamnati da cibiyoyin kulawa tare da babban matakin cin gashin kai. E-4B na iya shiga cikin jirgin, ban da ma'aikatan, kimanin mutane 60. Idan akwai gaggawa, ana iya saukar da mutane har 150 a cikin jirgin. Saboda ikon ɗaukar man fetur a cikin iska, tsawon lokacin jirgin E-4B yana iyakance ne kawai ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki. Za su iya zama a cikin iska ba tare da katsewa ba har zuwa kwanaki da yawa.
A farkon 2006, an yi shirin kawar da duk E-4Bs don farawa cikin shekaru uku. A cikin neman rabin kudaden da aka tara, rundunar sojojin saman ta kuma ba da shawarar cewa za a iya janye misali daya kawai. A cikin 2007, an yi watsi da waɗannan tsare-tsare kuma an fara sabunta jiragen ruwa na E-4B a hankali. A cewar rundunar sojojin saman Amurka, waɗannan jiragen ba za a iya sarrafa su cikin aminci ba fiye da 2038.
Wani E-4B da jirgin Boeing KC-46A Pegasus na tanka ke sake mai. Kuna iya ganin bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin girman tsarin duka biyu.
Ofishin Jakadancin TAKAMO
A farkon shekarun 60, sojojin ruwan Amurka sun fara wani shiri na bullo da tsarin sadarwa a kan jirgin tare da jiragen ruwa na makami mai linzami mai suna TACAMO (Take Charge and Move Out). A cikin 1962, an fara gwaje-gwaje tare da KC-130F Hercules jirgin sama mai mai. An sanye shi da mitar rediyo mai ƙarancin mitar (VLF) da kebul na eriya wanda ke buɗewa yayin tashin jirgin kuma yana ƙarewa cikin nauyin nau'in mazugi. Daga nan kuma aka tabbatar da cewa, domin samun ingantacciyar wutar lantarki da isar da saqo, ya kamata igiyar ta kai tsayin kilomita 8 kuma jirgin sama ya ja shi a kusa da tsaye. Jirgin, a daya bangaren, dole ne ya yi tafiya da'ira kusan ci gaba. A cikin 1966, an canza Hercules C-130G guda huɗu don aikin TACAMO kuma an tsara EC-130G. Koyaya, wannan shine mafita na ɗan lokaci. A cikin 1969, 12 EC-130Qs don aikin TACAMO sun fara shiga sabis. An kuma gyara EC-130G guda huɗu don saduwa da ma'aunin EC-130Q.
