Karamin Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya da ke kewaya duniyar wata
Karamin Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya da ke kewaya duniyar wata
A ƙarshen Janairu 2016, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Rasha RIA Novosti ya buga bayanan da ba a zata ba. Ta ce hukumomin sararin samaniyar Amurka da Rasha da na Turai suna tattaunawa kan hanyoyin hadin gwiwa a nan gaba bayan kammala shirin tashar sararin samaniyar kasa da kasa (ISS), wanda ake sa ran zai gudana a kusa da shekarar 2028.
Ya bayyana cewa an cimma yarjejeniya ta farko cikin sauri cewa bayan wani babban tasha a cikin kewayar duniya, aikin haɗin gwiwa na gaba zai kasance tashar da ta fi ƙanƙanta girma, amma za ta ci gaba har sau dubu - kewayen wata.
Sakamakon ARM da Ƙungiya
Tabbas, mafi bambance-bambancen ra'ayoyi na sansanonin wata - duka sama, ƙasa, da kuma sararin samaniya - sun taso a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kusan sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru biyu. Sun bambanta da sikelin - daga ƙananan ƙananan, barin ma'aikatan jirgin na mutane biyu ko uku su zauna na tsawon watanni, suna buƙatar jigilar duk abin da ya dace don rayuwa daga duniya, zuwa manyan gine-gine, kusan birane masu cin gashin kansu tare da yawan jama'a. na dubbai da yawa. mazauna. Suna da abu guda ɗaya - rashin kuɗi.
Shekaru goma da suka gabata, na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, shirin Amurka na komawa duniyar wata, wanda aka fi sani da Constellation, ya zama kamar yana da wata dama, amma kuma ya fada cikin rashin wadata da kuma rashin son siyasa. A cikin 2013, NASA ta gabatar da wani aiki mai suna ARM (Asteroid Redirect Mission), daga baya aka sake masa suna ARU (Asteroid Retrieval and, Utilisation), wani shiri mai ban sha'awa don isar da shi zuwa duniyarmu da kuma gano wani dutse daga saman daya daga cikin taurari. Manufar ita ce ta zama matakai da yawa.
A mataki na farko, ya kamata a aika zuwa ɗaya daga cikin taurari na ƙungiyar NEO (Abubuwan Kusa da Duniya), watau. kusa da Duniya, wani jirgin sama na ARRM (Asteroid Retrieval Robotic Mission) sanye da na'urar sarrafa ion mai ci-gaba da aka shirya zai tashi daga doron kasa a watan Disamba 2021 ya sauka a saman wani abu da ba a tantance ba cikin kasa da shekaru biyu. Tare da taimakon anka na musamman, ya kamata a ƙulla wani dutse mai diamita na kimanin mita 4 (yawan sa zai kasance har zuwa ton 20), sa'an nan kuma kunsa shi a cikin m murfin. Zai tashi zuwa Duniya amma ba zai sauka a Duniya ba saboda dalilai guda biyu masu mahimmanci. Na farko, babu wani katon jirgin da zai iya daukar wani abu mai nauyi, na biyu kuma, ba na son haduwa da yanayin duniya.
A cikin wannan yanayin, an ƙirƙiri wani aiki don kawo kama zuwa wani takamaiman babban retrograde orbit (DRO, Distant Retrograde Orbit) a cikin 2025. Yana da karko sosai, wanda ba zai bari ya yi saurin fadowa ga wata ba. Za a gwada kayan ta hanyoyi biyu - ta hanyar bincike ta atomatik da kuma mutanen da jiragen ruwan Orion suka shigo da su, ragowar shirin na Constellation. Kuma AGC, wanda aka soke a watan Afrilu 2017, za a iya aiwatar da shi a cikin tushen lunar? Maɓalli biyu masu mahimmanci - abu ɗaya, wato, injin ion, kuma ɗaya mara amfani, GCI orbit.
Menene kewayawa, wane roka?
Masu yanke shawara sun fuskanci wata mahimmin tambaya: a cikin wane orbit ya kamata tashar, mai suna DSG (Deep Space Gateway), ta bi. Idan da a nan gaba mutane za su je saman duniyar wata, da a bayyane yake za a zabi wani yanayi maras nauyi, kimanin kilomita dari, amma idan da gaske tashar ta kasance tasha a kan hanyar da za ta kai ga saukar da duniyar wata. tsarin maki ko asteroids, dole ne a sanya shi a cikin sararin samaniyar elliptical sosai, wanda zai ba da riba mai yawa makamashi.
A sakamakon haka, an zaɓi zaɓi na biyu, wanda aka goyi bayan babban adadin manufofin da za a iya cimma ta wannan hanyar. Duk da haka, wannan ba tsarin DRO na gargajiya ba ne, amma NRHO (Kusa da Rectilinear Halo Orbit) - buɗaɗɗen sararin samaniya mai tsayin daka wanda ke wucewa kusa da wurare daban-daban na ma'aunin nauyi na Duniya da Wata. Wani muhimmin al'amari da zai kasance shine zaɓin abin hawa, idan ba don gaskiyar cewa babu ita a lokacin ba. A cikin wannan yanayi, fare a kan SLS (Space Launch System), wani babban roka da aka kirkira a karkashin NASA don bincika zurfin tsarin hasken rana, ya bayyana a fili, tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da sigar mafi sauƙi ta kasance mafi kusa - sannan. an shigar dashi a karshen 2018.
Tabbas, akwai ƙarin roka guda biyu a ajiyar - Falcon Heavy daga SpaceX da New Glenn-3S daga Blue Origin, amma suna da lahani biyu - ƙananan ɗaukar nauyi da gaskiyar cewa a wancan lokacin su ma sun wanzu ne kawai akan takarda (a halin yanzu Falcon). Mai nauyi bayan nasarar halarta ta farko, ƙaddamar da sabon roka na Glenn an shirya shi don 2021). Hatta irin wadannan manyan rokoki, masu iya isar da tan 65 na kaya mai nauyi zuwa kasa da kasa, za su iya isar da tarin tan 10 kacal zuwa yankin duniyar wata. zama tsari na zamani. A cikin ainihin sigar, an ɗauka cewa zai zama nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyar - tuƙi da samar da wutar lantarki, mazaunin gida biyu, ƙofa da dabaru, waɗanda bayan an sauke su za su zama dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Tun da sauran mahalarta ISS kuma sun nuna sha'awar DRG, watau. Japan da Kanada, ya zama bayyananne cewa Kanada ce za ta samar da ma'aikacin, wanda ya ƙware a cikin injiniyoyin sararin samaniya, kuma Japan ta ba da wurin zama na rufaffiyar. Bugu da kari, Rasha ta ce bayan kaddamar da kumbon na hukumar kula da sararin samaniyar kasar, za a iya tura wasu daga cikinsu zuwa sabon tashar. Tunanin ƙaramin filin jirgin sama mara matuki, wanda zai iya bayarwa daga saman Silver Globe daga dubun-duba-duba na samfuran kilogiram da yawa, ESA, CSA da JAXA sun yi alkawari tare. Tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci sun kasance don ƙara wani, mafi girman wurin zama a ƙarshen XNUMXs, kuma kaɗan daga baya, matakin motsa jiki wanda zai iya jagorantar hadaddun akan yanayin da ke haifar da wasu hari.
