Tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya
An yi wa Sergei Krikalov lakabi da "dan kasa na karshe na Tarayyar Soviet" saboda a 1991-1992 ya shafe kwanaki 311, sa'o'i 20 da minti 1 a tashar sararin samaniyar Mir. Ya koma duniya bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya je tashar sararin samaniya sau biyu. Wannan abu (International Space Station, ISS) shi ne tsarin sararin samaniya na farko da aka kirkira tare da halartar wakilan kasashe da dama.
Tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya sakamakon hadakar ayyukan da aka yi na samar da tashar Mir-2 ta Rasha, da ‘Yancin Amurka da Kolumbus na Turai, wadanda farkon abubuwan da aka harba su a cikin duniya a cikin 1998, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ma’aikatan jirgin na dindindin na farko sun bayyana a can. Kayayyaki, mutane, na'urorin bincike da kayan aikin jiragen sama na Soyuz na Rasha da na ci gaba, da kuma jiragen Amurka suna isar da su tashar.
A cikin 2011 na ƙarshe Jirgin jirgi zai tashi zuwa ISS. Ba su kuma tashi a can ba fiye da shekaru biyu ko uku bayan hadarin jirgin ruwa na Columbia. Har ila yau, Amurkawa sun so dakatar da ba da tallafin wannan aikin daga shekaru 3. Sabon shugaban (B. Obama) ya sauya shawarar da magabacinsa ya yanke tare da tabbatar da cewa nan da shekara ta 2016 tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa ta samu tallafin Amurka.
A halin yanzu ya ƙunshi manyan kayayyaki 14 (a ƙarshe za a sami 16) kuma yana ba da damar membobin ma'aikatan dindindin guda shida su kasance a lokaci guda (uku har zuwa 2009). Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar hasken rana masu girma da yawa (mai nuna hasken rana mai yawa) cewa ana iya ganin su daga duniya a matsayin wani abu da yake tafiya a sararin sama (a perigee a 100% haske) mai haske har zuwa -5,1 [1] ko - 5,9 [2] girma.
Ma'aikatan dindindin na farko sune: William Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko da Sergei Krikalov. Sun kasance akan ISS na kwanaki 136 18 hours 41 mintuna.
An shigar da Shepherd a matsayin dan sama jannati NASA a 1984. Horon da ya yi na Navy SEAL na baya ya kasance da amfani sosai ga NASA yayin aikin ceton jirgin na Challenger na 1986. William Shepherd ya shiga a matsayin ƙwararre akan ayyukan jirgin sama guda uku: STS-27 manufa a 1988, da STS-41 manufa a 1990, da STS-52 manufa a 1992. A cikin 1993, an nada Shepherd don gudanar da tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa (ISS). ) shirin. Gabaɗaya, ya shafe kwanaki 159 a sararin samaniya.
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalov sau biyu a cikin ma'aikatan na dindindin na tashar Mir, kuma sau biyu a cikin ma'aikatan tashar ISS. Ya shiga cikin jiragen na Amurka sau uku. Sau takwas ya shiga sararin samaniya. Ya rike rikodin na jimlar lokacin da aka kashe a sararin samaniya. Gabaɗaya, ya shafe kwanaki 803 awanni 9 da mintuna 39 a sararin samaniya.
Yuri Pavlov Gidzenko ya fara tashi zuwa sararin samaniya a shekarar 1995. A lokacin balaguron, sau biyu sun shiga sararin samaniya. Gabaɗaya, ya shafe sa'o'i 3 da mintuna 43 a wajen jirgin. A cikin Mayu 2002, ya tashi zuwa sararin samaniya a karo na uku kuma a karo na biyu zuwa MSC. Gabaɗaya, ya kasance a sararin samaniya na kwanaki 320 1 hour 20 minutes 39 seconds.
