Alamar fitilar mota
Abubuwa
alamar fitilun mota na iya baiwa mai mota bayanai da dama, kamar nau’in fitulun da ake iya sanyawa a cikinsu, nau’insu, kasar da aka ba da izinin kera irin wadannan fitilun a hukumance, irin hasken da suke fitarwa, da haske (a cikin lux), alkiblar tafiya, har ma da ranar da aka yi . Abu na ƙarshe yana da ban sha'awa sosai a cikin mahallin gaskiyar cewa ana iya amfani da wannan bayanin don bincika ainihin shekarun lokacin siyan motar da aka yi amfani da ita. Masu kera fitilun injina guda ɗaya (misali KOITO ko HELLA) suna da nasu zane, waɗanda ke da amfani don sanin lokacin siyan su ko siyan mota. kara a cikin kayan, an ba da bayanai akan nau'ikan alamomi don LED, xenon da halogen block fitilolin mota.
- Alamar amincewa ta duniya. A wannan yanayin da aka amince a Jamus.
- Harafin A yana nufin cewa hasken gaba ko dai hasken gaba ne ko kuma na gefe.
- Haɗin alamomin HR yana nufin cewa idan an shigar da fitilar halogen a cikin fitilun mota, to kawai don babban katako.
- Alamomin DCR suna nufin cewa idan an shigar da fitilun xenon a cikin fitilar, ana iya tsara su don ƙananan katako da katako mai tsayi.
- Abin da ake kira jagoran asali lambar (VOCH). Ƙimar 12,5 da 17,5 sun dace da ƙananan ƙarfin katako.
- Kibiyoyin sun nuna cewa ana iya amfani da fitilun mota akan injunan da aka ƙera don tuƙi akan tituna tare da zirga-zirgar hannun dama da hagu.
- Alamomin PL suna sanar da mai motar cewa an sanya ruwan tabarau na filastik akan fitilar mota.
- Alamar IA a cikin wannan yanayin yana nufin cewa fitilun mota yana da mai nuni don jigilar na'ura.
- Lambobin da ke sama da kibau suna nuna adadin ƙima a ƙarƙashin abin da ƙananan katako ya kamata a warwatse. Ana yin wannan don sauƙaƙe daidaitawar fitilun fitilu masu haske.
- Abin da ake kira amincewar hukuma. Yana magana akan ƙa'idodin da fitilun mota ya cika. Lambobin suna nuna lambar haɓakawa (haɓaka). kowane masana'anta yana da nasa ma'auni, kuma yana bin na duniya.
Alamar fitillu ta rukuni
Alamar alama ce bayyananne, ba ta lalacewa ta amincewar ƙasashen duniya, ta inda za ku iya samun bayanai game da ƙasar da ta ba da izini, nau'in fitilar fitila, lambarta, nau'in fitulun da za a iya sanyawa a cikinta, da sauransu. Wani suna don yin alama shine homologation, ana amfani da kalmar a cikin ƙwararrun da'irori. yawanci, ana amfani da alamar a kan ruwan tabarau da gidaje na fitillu. Idan ba a haɗa mai watsawa da fitilar mota a cikin saitin ba, to ana amfani da alamar da ta dace akan gilashin kariya.
Yanzu bari mu matsa zuwa bayanin nau'ikan fitilun mota. Don haka, sun kasu kashi uku:
- fitilolin mota don fitilun incandescent na gargajiya (yanzu ƙasa da ƙasa;
- fitilolin mota don fitilun halogen;
- fitilolin mota don kwararan fitila na xenon (su kuma fitar da fitilu / fitilolin mota);
- fitilolin mota na diode (wani suna shine fitilun kankara).
Psyaran fitilu. Harafin C yana nuna cewa an tsara su don haskakawa tare da ƙananan katako, harafin R - babban katako, haɗuwa da haruffa CR - fitilar na iya fitar da ƙananan ƙananan katako da ƙananan katako, haɗin C / R yana nufin cewa fitilar na iya fitarwa ko dai ƙananan. ko babban katako (Dokokin UNECE No. 112, GOST R 41.112-2005).
Halogen fitilu. Haɗin haruffan HC yana nufin ƙaramar fitila ce, haɗin HR yana nufin cewa fitilar don katakon tuƙi ne, haɗin HCR yana nufin cewa fitilar tana da ƙasa da babba, kuma haɗin HC / R shine. fitila don ko dai ƙananan ko babban katako (Dokar UNESCO No. 112, GOST R 41.112-2005).
Xenon (fitowar gas) fitilu. Haɗin haruffan DC yana nufin cewa an ƙera fitilar don fitar da ƙananan katako, haɗin DR yana nufin cewa fitilar tana fitar da babban katako, haɗin DCR yana nufin cewa fitilar tana da ƙananan ƙananan katako, da haɗin DC / R. yana nufin cewa fitilar ko dai ƙananan ko babban katako (Dokokin UNECE No. 98, GOST R 41.98-99).
Alamar HCHR akan motocin Japan tana nufin - HID C Halogen R, wato, ƙananan xenon, babban hasken halogen.
Mafi kyawun fitilu don motoci
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Alamar Amincewa ta Duniya
Duk fitilu masu lasisi da aka sanya a cikin motocin zamani suna da wasu irin takaddun shaida. Wadannan ka'idoji sun fi na kowa: harafin "E" yayi daidai da ƙa'idar Turai, taƙaitaccen DOT (Ma'aikatar Sufuri - Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka) - daidaitattun Amurkawa na farko, haɗuwa da SAE (Society Of Automotive Engineers - Society of Injin Injiniya) - wani ma'auni bisa ga wanda , gami da mai.
Lokacin yiwa fitilolin alama, kamar lokacin yiwa fitulun alama, ana amfani da takamaiman lamba don zayyana ƙasashe. An taƙaita bayanan da suka dace a cikin tebur.
| Kamfanin | Sunan kasar | Kamfanin | Sunan kasar | Kamfanin | Sunan kasar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jamus | 13 | Luxembourg | 25 | Croatia |
| 2 | Faransa | 14 | Switzerland | 26 | Slovenia |
| 3 | Italiya | 15 | ba a sanya shi ba | 27 | Slovakia |
| 4 | Netherlands | 16 | Norway | 28 | Belarus |
| 5 | Sweden | 17 | Finland | 29 | Estonia |
| 6 | Belgium | 18 | Denmark | 30 | ba a sanya shi ba |
| 7 | Hungary | 19 | Romania | 31 | Bosniya da Herzegovina |
| 8 | Jamhuriyar Czech | 20 | Poland | 32 ... 36 | ba a sanya shi ba |
| 9 | Spain | 21 | Portugal | 37 | Turkey |
| 10 | Yugoslavia | 22 | The Russian Federation | 38-39 | ba a sanya shi ba |
| 11 | Ƙasar Ingila | 23 | Girka | 40 | Jamhuriyar Makidoniya |
| 12 | Austria | 24 | ba a sanya shi ba | - | - |
Yawancin fitilolin mota kuma suna ɗauke da tambarin masana'anta ko tambarin da aka samar da samfurin a ƙarƙashinsa. Hakazalika, ana nuna wurin masana'anta (sau da yawa shine kawai ƙasar da aka yi fitilun mota, alal misali, An yi shi a Taiwan), da ma'aunin ingancin (wannan na iya zama ko dai daidaitattun ƙasashen duniya, misali, ISO). ko ƙa'idodin ingancin ciki na ɗaya ko wani takamaiman masana'anta).
Nau'in hasken da ke fitarwa
yawanci, bayanai game da nau'in hasken da ke fitowa ana nuna su a wani wuri da sunan alamar da'irar. Don haka, ban da nau'ikan radiation na sama (halogen, xenon, LED), akwai kuma abubuwan da suka biyo baya:
- Harafin L. shine yadda aka keɓance maɓuɓɓugar haske don farantin motar baya.
- Harafin A (wani lokaci ana haɗe shi da harafin D, wanda ke nufin cewa haɗin kai yana nufin fitilun mota biyu). Nadi ya dace da fitilun matsayi na gaba ko fitilun gefe.
- Harafin R (kamar haka, wani lokacin a hade tare da harafin D). Wannan shine abin da hasken wutsiya yake.
- Haɗin haruffa S1, S2, S3 (kamar haka, tare da harafin D). abin da fitulun birki suke.
- Harafin B. Wannan shine yadda aka tsara fitilun hazo na gaba (a cikin sunan Rasha - PTF).
- Harafin F. Nadi ya dace da fitilar hazo na baya, wanda aka ɗora akan motoci, da kuma tireloli.
- Harafin S. Sunan ya yi daidai da fitilun gilashin gabaɗaya.
- Nadi na gaban shugabanci nuna alama 1, 1B, 5 - gefe, 2a - raya (suna fitar da orange haske).
- Alamun juyi kuma suna zuwa cikin launi mai haske (fararen haske), amma suna haskaka lemu saboda fitilun lemu a ciki.
- Haɗin alamomin AR. Wannan shine yadda ake lura da fitilun da aka sanya akan motoci da tireloli.
- Haruffa RL. don haka yi alama fitilu.
- Haɗin haruffa PL. Irin waɗannan alamun sun dace da fitilun mota tare da ruwan tabarau na filastik.
- 02A - wannan shine yadda aka tsara hasken gefen (girman).
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa motocin da aka yi niyya don kasuwar Arewacin Amurka (Amurka ta Amurka, Kanada) ba su da ƙima iri ɗaya kamar na Turai, amma suna da nasu. Misali, “sigina na juyawa” akan motocin Amurka yawanci ja ne (ko da yake akwai wasu). Haɗin alamomin IA, IIIA, IB, IIIB masu nuni ne. Alamar I ta yi daidai da masu nuni ga abubuwan hawa, alamar III don tireloli, kuma alamar B ta dace da fitilun da aka ɗora.
Bisa ga ka'idodin, akan motocin Amurka masu tsayi fiye da mita 6, dole ne a shigar da fitilun alamar gefe. Launinsu orange ne kuma an sanya su SM1 da SM2 (na motocin fasinja). Fitilolin wutsiya suna fitar da jajayen haske. Tirela dole ne a sanye su da mai nuni mai siffa mai siffar triangular tare da nadi na IIA da fitilun kwane-kwane.
Sau da yawa akan farantin bayanin akwai kuma bayani game da kusurwar farko na karkatarwa, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa ya kamata a watsar da katako na tsoma. Yawancin lokaci yana cikin kewayon 1 ... 1,5%. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a sami madaidaicin kusurwar kusurwa, tunda tare da nauyin abin hawa daban-daban, kusurwar hasken fitilun kuma yana canzawa (a kusan magana, lokacin da aka ɗora wa motar baya da nauyi, tushen hasken wutar lantarki daga fitilun fitilolin ba a kai tsaye ba. hanya, amma kai tsaye gaban motar har ma dan kadan sama). A cikin motoci na zamani, yawanci, wannan na'urar gyara ce ta lantarki, kuma suna ba ku damar canza kusurwar da ta dace kai tsaye daga wurin direba yayin tuki. A cikin tsofaffin motoci, dole ne a daidaita wannan kusurwa a cikin fitilun mota.
Wasu fitilolin mota ana yiwa alama da SAE ko DOT (Mizanin masu kera motoci na Turai da Amurka).
Darajar haske
A kan duk fitilolin mota akwai alamar madaidaicin ƙarfin haske (a cikin lux) wanda fitilar gaba ko fitilolin mota biyu ke iya bayarwa. Ana kiran wannan ƙimar babbar lambar tushe (wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin VCH). Saboda haka, mafi girman ƙimar VOC, mafi tsananin hasken da fitilun fitilun ke fitarwa, kuma mafi girman kewayon yaduwarsa. Lura cewa wannan alamar ta dace kawai don fitilolin mota tare da tsomawa da manyan katako.
Dangane da ka'idoji da ka'idoji na yanzu, ba a ba da izinin duk masana'antun zamani don samar da fitilun fitilun fitilun tare da babban ƙimar lambar tushe sama da 50 (wanda ya dace da candelas dubu 150, cd). Amma ga jimlar yawan haske mai haske wanda duk fitilolin da aka ɗora a gaban motar, bai kamata su wuce 75, ko 225 dubu candela ba. Keɓance fitilolin mota na musamman da / ko ɓangarori na tituna, da kuma sassan da ke da nisa sosai daga sassan titin da motocin talakawa (farar hula) ke amfani da su.
Hanyar tafiya
Wannan alamar ta dace da motoci masu tuƙi na hannun dama, wato, ga wanda aka tsara tun farko don tuƙi a kan tituna tare da zirga-zirgar hannun hagu. Ana yiwa wannan aikin alama da kibau. Don haka, idan a cikin alamar da ke kan fitilun fitilun ana iya ganin kibiya tana nuna hagu, to, daidai da haka, ya kamata a shigar da fitilun a cikin motar da aka tsara don tuki a kan hanyoyi tare da zirga-zirgar hagu. Idan akwai nau'ikan kibiyoyi guda biyu (wanda aka karkata zuwa dama da hagu), to, ana iya shigar da irin waɗannan fitilun kan mota don hanyoyi tare da zirga-zirgar hagu da dama. Gaskiya ne, a wannan yanayin, ƙarin gyare-gyare na fitilolin mota ya zama dole.
Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, kibiyoyin suna ɓacewa kawai, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a sanya fitilar mota a kan motar da aka ƙera don tuki a kan tituna na hannun dama. Rashin kibiya yana faruwa ne saboda akwai hanyoyi da dama da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duniya fiye da zirga-zirgar hagu, haka ma da motocin da suka dace.
Izinin hukuma
Yawancin fitilolin mota (amma ba duka ba) sun ƙunshi bayanai game da ƙa'idodin da samfurin ya bi. Kuma ya dogara da takamaiman masana'anta. yawanci, bayanin daidaitawa yana ƙarƙashin alamar da ke cikin da'irar. Yawanci, ana adana bayanai cikin haɗin lambobi da yawa. Biyu na farko daga cikinsu su ne gyare-gyaren da wannan ƙirar fitilun ta yi (idan akwai, in ba haka ba, lambobi na farko za su zama sifili biyu). Sauran lambobi su ne lambar haɗin kai.
Yawancin masu motoci suna sha'awar tambayar inda daidai za ku iya ganin bayanai game da alamar sababbin ko riga an shigar da fitilun mota a kan motar. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da bayanan da suka dace a cikin ɓangaren sama na gidaje na hasken wuta, wato, a ƙarƙashin murfin. Wani zaɓi shine cewa an buga bayanin akan gilashin fitilun fitilun daga gefen ciki. Abin takaici, ga wasu fitilolin mota, ba za a iya karanta bayanin ba tare da tarwatsa fitilun daga wurin zama ba. Ya dogara da takamaiman samfurin mota.
Alama xenon fitilolin mota
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fitilolin mota na xenon ya zama sananne sosai tare da masu motoci na gida. Suna da fa'idodi da yawa akan tushen hasken halogen na gargajiya. Suna da nau'in tushe daban-daban - D2R (wanda ake kira reflex) ko D2S (abin da ake kira projector), kuma yanayin zafi yana ƙasa da 5000 K (lambar 2 a cikin ƙididdiga ta dace da ƙarni na biyu na fitilu, kuma lamba 1, bi da bi, zuwa na farko, amma a halin yanzu ana samun su ba safai ba don dalilai masu ma'ana). Lura cewa shigar da fitilun xenon dole ne a aiwatar da shi daidai, wato, daidai da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi na yanzu. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a shigar da fitilar xenon a cikin wani kantin gyaran mota na musamman.
Wadannan su ne ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga don fitilolin mota na halogen, wanda zai yiwu a ƙayyade ko za a iya shigar da hasken xenon maimakon:
- DC/DR. A cikin irin wannan fitilun mota akwai maɓuɓɓuka daban na ƙananan ƙananan katako. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan ƙididdiga na iya faruwa akan fitilu masu fitar da iskar gas. Dangane da haka, maimakon su, zaka iya sanya "xenons", duk da haka, daidai da ka'idodin da aka ambata a sama.
- DC/HR. An tsara irin waɗannan fitilun fitilun don a saka su da fitilu masu fitar da iskar gas don ƙananan haske. Saboda haka, ba za a iya shigar da irin waɗannan fitilun akan wasu nau'ikan fitilun mota ba.
- HC/HR. An shigar da wannan alamar akan fitilun motocin Japan. Yana nufin cewa maimakon halogen fitilolin mota, xenon za a iya saka su. Idan irin wannan rubutun yana kan motar Turai ko Amurka, to, an haramta shigar da fitilun xenon a kansu! Don haka, ana iya amfani da su kawai fitilolin mota na halogen. Kuma wannan ya shafi duka ƙananan katako da fitilu masu tsayi.
Wani lokaci ana rubuta lambobi kafin alamomin da aka ambata a sama (misali, 04). Wannan adadi yana nuna cewa an yi canje-canje ga takardu da ƙirar fitilolin mota daidai da buƙatun Dokar UNECE tare da lambar da aka nuna a gaban alamomin da aka ambata.
Dangane da wuraren da ake amfani da bayanai game da fitilolin mota, hanyoyin hasken xenon na iya samun uku daga cikinsu:
- daidai akan gilashin daga ciki;
- a saman murfin hasken wuta, wanda aka yi da gilashi ko filastik, don nazarin bayanan da suka dace, yawanci kuna buƙatar buɗe murfin motar;
- a bayan murfin gilashin.
Fitilolin Xenon kuma suna da adadin sunayen mutum ɗaya. Daga cikinsu akwai haruffa Turanci da yawa:
- A - gefe;
- B - hazo;
- C - tsoma katako;
- R - babban katako;
- C / R (CR) - don amfani a cikin fitilolin mota a matsayin tushen duka ƙananan katako da manyan katako.
sitika don fitilolin mota na xenon
Misalai na lambobi daban-daban
Kwanan nan, a tsakanin masu ababen hawa, waɗanda motocin xenon ba a shigar da fitilolin mota ba daga masana'anta, amma yayin aiki, batun samar da kai na lambobi don fitilolin mota yana samun karɓuwa. wato, wannan gaskiya ne ga xenon da aka sake yin aiki, wato, an maye gurbin ruwan tabarau na xenon na al'ada ko shigar da su (don na'urorin gani ba tare da canje-canje ba, ma'anar abin da ya dace da masu sana'a na fitilolin mota ko mota).
Lokacin yin lambobi don fitilolin mota na xenon da kanka, dole ne ku san sigogi masu zuwa:
- Wani irin ruwan tabarau aka shigar - bilenses ko talakawa mono.
- Fitilar da ake amfani da su a cikin fitilun fitilun suna don ƙananan katako, don babban katako, don siginar juyawa, fitilu masu gudana, nau'in tushe, da sauransu. Lura cewa don ruwan tabarau na Plug-n-play na Sinanci, ruwan tabarau na Sinanci da tushe halogen (nau'in H1, H4 da sauransu) ba za a iya nuna su akan sitika ba. haka nan, a lokacin da ake girka su, ya zama wajibi a boye wayoyinsu, tunda ta hanyar kamanni (installation) ana iya gane irin wadannan na’urori cikin sauki, kuma su shiga matsala wajen duba ma’aikatan hukumar kula da tituna ta jihar.
- Girman Geometric na sitika. Ya kamata ya dace gaba ɗaya a kan mahalli na fitilolin mota kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani lokacin kallonsa.
- Kamfanin kera hasken wuta (akwai da yawa a yanzu).
- Ƙarin bayani, kamar ranar da aka yi na fitilun mota.
Alamar hana sata fitilolin mota
Kamar gilashin gilashi, ana kuma yiwa fitilun mota alama da abin da ake kira lambar VIN, wanda aikinsa shine gano takamaiman gilashin don rage haɗarin satar fitillu. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya ga motoci masu tsada na kasashen waje na shahararrun masana'antun duniya, farashin fitilolin mota wanda yake da tsada sosai, kuma analogues ko dai babu ko kuma suna da farashi mai yawa. Yawanci ana zana VIN akan gidajen fitilun mota. Ana shigar da bayanai iri ɗaya a cikin takaddun fasaha na motar. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake duba yanayin yanayin motar jami'in 'yan sanda, idan lambar lambar ba ta dace ba, suna iya samun tambayoyi ga mai motar.
lambar VIN ce lambar lambobi goma sha bakwai da ta ƙunshi haruffa da lambobi, kuma masu kera motoci ko masu kera fitilun mota da kansu ke ba su. Hakanan ana kwafin wannan lambar a wurare da yawa akan jikin motar - a cikin gida, a kan farantin suna ƙarƙashin hular, ƙarƙashin gilashin iska. Sabili da haka, lokacin siyan wasu fitilolin mota, yana da kyau a zaɓi hanyoyin haske waɗanda lambar VIN ke bayyane akan su, kuma an san duk bayanan game da samfurin.
