Lotus, dogon al'adar F1 - Formula 1

Lotus ba ya lashe gasar zakarun duniya F1 riga 35 shekaru, kuma duk da haka ana iya la'akari da daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka shiga cikin tarihin wannan wasanni: ba kawai ga nasara (13 duniya lakabi - shida matukan jirgi da bakwai constructors - tsakanin sixties da seventies), amma kuma ga wani ban sha'awa. adadin zakarun ga wannan tawagar.

Tare, bari mu gano tarihin ƙungiyar Burtaniya wacce koyaushe ta kasance babban dandalin gwaninta (zakarun duniya bakwai sun fara halarta na farko tare da wannan ƙungiyar) kuma tana da halaye da yawa.

Lotus: labari a F1

La Lotus halarta a karon farko a Formula 1 a 1958 Monte Carlo Grand Prix tare da direbobi biyu na Burtaniya: Cliff Ellison (Wuri na 6 a gamawa) e Graham Hill (gazawa saboda gazawar injin). An sami sakamako mafi kyau na kakar a Belgium, lokacin da Allison ta taɓa dandamali kuma ta gama na huɗu. A shekara mai zuwa sai juyi na wani daga cikin talakawan Mai Martaba, Kasar Ireland (matsayi na huɗu a cikin Netherlands), kusan sanya shi cikin manyan ukun.

Nasara ta farko

Shekaru sittin sun fara girma: a cikin 1960, ƙungiyar "British" ta ɗauki matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya na masu ginin gine-gine godiya ga Britaniya Stirling Moss, wanda ya lashe nasarar farko a Monte Carlo kuma ya maimaita shi a Amurka. A cikin 1961, Moss ya ci karin nasara biyu (Monte Carlo da Jamus), yayin da Ireland ta mamaye Amurka, kuma a shekara mai zuwa, Burtaniya ta ci uku (Belgium, UK da Amurka). Jim Clark basu isa su lashe kambun duniya ba.

Jim Clark ne

1963 - shekara ta zinariya ga tawagar Colin Chapman – Wanda ya kafa wanda ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya godiya ga Clark, ya zama zakaran Direbobi na Duniya da nasara bakwai (Belgium, Holland, Faransa, Burtaniya, Italiya, Mexico da Afirka ta Kudu). Abubuwa sun yi muni a shekara mai zuwa lokacin da mahayin "British" ya ci nasara "kawai" uku (Holland, Belgium da Birtaniya).

La Lotus ya dawo kan madafun iko a 1965, ya sake maimaita taken duniya: sake godiya ga Clark kawai, wanda ya tsallake layin ƙarshe sau shida gaba da kowa (Afirka ta Kudu, Belgium, Faransa, Burtaniya, Holland da Jamus). Canjin tsari a 1966 (Engines ya tashi daga 1.500 zuwa 3.000 cc) ya gano ƙungiyar Burtaniya ba ta shirya ba, bayan samun nasara ɗaya kawai a Amurka. Kungiyar ta tabbatar da kanta a cikin 1967 tare da nasarori hudu - Clark (Holland, Great Britain, Amurka da Mexico) - amma sakamakon bai isa ga zakara ba.

A 1968, Clarke ya lashe tseren farko na kakar wasa - a Afirka ta Kudu - amma ya mutu bayan watanni uku a tseren F2.

Hill da Rindt

La Lotus yana da mota mai cin nasara, kuma duk da mutuwar direban da ya fi kowa wakilci, ya koma gida biyu na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na wannan shekarar godiya ga nasarar Ingila uku. Graham Hill (Spain, Monte Carlo da Mexico), wanda ke ba shi damar samun iris tsakanin direbobi, da kuma amfani da Swiss. Joe Siffert - Ba-British na farko da ya yanke Lotus a saman matakin dandali - a Burtaniya. Single 49Bfentin launin ja da zinari na sigari Ganyen gwal kuma ba tare da koren Ingilishi na yau da kullun ba, ya sanya tarihin motorsport a matsayin motar farko da Circus ta tallafawa.

1969 shekara ce ta canji lokacin da Hill ya yi nasara a Monte Carlo da kuma a Ostiriya. Jochen Rindt ne adam wata ya mamaye a Amurka. Na karshen ya mamaye kakar 1970 tare da cin nasara biyar (Monte Carlo, Holland, Faransa, Burtaniya da Jamus), ya rasa ransa a Grand Prix na Italiya, amma har yanzu ya sami nasarar lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya (wanda shine kaɗai a cikin tarihin da aka bayar bayan mutuwa). Lotus ne ya lashe taken masu ginin, godiya ga wani ɓangare na nasarar ƙungiyar ta Brazil. Emerson Fittipaldi a Amurka.

Fittipaldi Kofin Duniya

A cikin 1971, Chapman ya mai da hankali sosai kan haɓaka motar kujeru guda ɗaya tare da keken ƙafa huɗu, kuma wannan ya shafi sakamakon: a karon farko tun 1960 babu nasara (wuri na biyu na Fittipaldi a Austria shine mafi kyau ) Lotus.

Tabbas yanayin ya inganta a 1972 lokacin da Fittipaldi ya zama zakara na duniya (godiya ga nasarar biyar: Spain, Belgium, Biritaniya, Austria da Italiya) kuma ya ba wa ƙungiyarsa damar ɗaukar gwarzon duniya na masu ginin. A shekara mai zuwa, Fittipaldi (Argentina, Brazil da Spain) sun lashe taken ƙungiyar tare da nasara ta Swede huɗu. Ronnie Peterson ne adam wata (Faransa, Austria, Italiya da Amurka).

Rage kuma tashi

Abin gamsuwa kawai don Lotus a 1974 sun fito ne daga Peterson (wanda ya lashe Monte Carlo, Faransa da Italiya), kuma a cikin 1975 kawai filin wasa - laifin tsohuwar mota - na Belgium ne. Jackie X da (na biyu a Spain).

Hawan hawan ya fara ne a 1976 tare da nasarar Ba'amurke Mario Andretti a cikin zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar, wanda GP na Japan ya yi magana game da shi a cikin fim ɗin "Rush", kuma a cikin 1977 ƙungiyar Ingila ta taɓa taken Masu gini tare da Andretti (na farko a Yammacin Amurka, a Spain, a Faransa da a Italiya) kuma tare da Swede Gunnar Nielsson (gaba da duka a Belgium).

Gasar cin kofin duniya ta ƙarshe

Gasar cin kofin duniya ta ƙarshe Lotus ya koma 1978: shekara mai farin ciki da ban tausayi ga ƙungiyar Colin Chapman. Andretti ya zama zakara na duniya tare da nasara shida (Argentina, Belgium, Spain, Faransa, Jamus da Holland), da abokin wasansa Peterson (nasara biyu a Afirka ta Kudu da Austria), wanda ya koma Lotus bayan barin ƙungiyar a cikin rikici, ya rasa rayuwarsa. ... a wani hadari a Grand Prix na Italiya. Bayan wata guda, Nilsson shima ya ɓace saboda ƙari.

Jirgin tashin hankali

Bayan taken duniya sau biyu ga ƙungiyar "Birtaniyya", lokacin tashin hankali ya biyo baya, wanda a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa bai taɓa kaiwa matakin farko ba: ɗan ƙasar Argentina yana da kyakkyawan sakamako. Carlos Reitemann (Matsayi na biyu a Argentina da Spain a 2), daga namu Sunan mahaifi Elio (Matsayi na biyu a Brazil a 2) da Burtaniya Nigel Mansell (Matsayi na 3 a Belgium a 1981).

Da kyau, Chapman

La Lotus komawa ga nasara a 1982 - a Austria - godiya ga de Angelis. A wannan shekarar, Colin Chapman ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya. Shekaru biyu masu zuwa sun kasance matalauta (Mansell ya zo na uku a 1983 European Grand Prix, a Faransa da Netherlands a 1984, da de Angelis na uku a Brazil, San Marino da Dallas a 1984).

Lokacin farin ciki na ƙarshe

Sa hannun direban Brazil Ayrton Senna a 1985, wannan yana ba wa ƙungiyar Burtaniya damar komawa nasara. Kudancin Amurka ya mamaye Portugal (nasarar aikinsa ta farko) da Belgium, yayin da abokin aikinsa de Angelis ya hau saman dandalin San Marino.

Daga shekara mai zuwa, nasarorin kawai don Lotus sun fito ne daga Ayrton: biyu a 1986 (Spain da Detroit) da biyu a 1987 (Monte Carlo da Detroit).

Lokacin duhu

Senna ya ba Lotus a 1988 lokacin da Brazilian Nelson Piquet yana gudanar da ɗaukar wurare uku na uku (Brazil, San Marino da Australia). Tun daga wannan lokacin, babu wani abu: a cikin 1989, ƙungiyar Burtaniya kusan ta hau kan dandalin sau da yawa (wurare uku na huɗu a Pique a Kanada, Burtaniya da Japan da ɗayan Jafananci). Satoru Nakajima a Ostiraliya), kuma a cikin 1990 mafi kyawun sakamako - wuri na biyar na Birtaniya. Derek Warwick a kasar Hungary.

A 1991 Lotus ya dogara da farko akan Finnish Mika Heckkinen (na biyar a San Marino), wanda ya kasance sau biyu a na huɗu a Faransa da Hungary a shekara mai zuwa. Burtaniya Johnny Herbert ne adam wata (matsayi na huɗu a Brazil, a Grand Prix na Turai da Burtaniya a 1993 da na bakwai a Brazil a Grand Prix na Pacific da Faransa a 1994, shekarar farko ba tare da maki ga ƙungiyar Ingila ba) tana samun mafi kyawun wurare na ƙungiya kafin rabuwa da Circus.

Ko rhetorically

La Lotus ya dawo Formula 1 a 2010, amma ƙungiyar tana da abubuwa kaɗan kaɗan na gama gari tare da wanda ya bar Circus a 1994. Da fari, ba Ingilishi bane, amma na Malesiya, tunda an haife ta ne daga wani haɗin gwiwa da wasu 'yan kasuwa daga ƙasar Asiya da gwamnatin Kuala Lumpur, waɗanda ke karɓa daga masu kera motoci. Proton (ɗan ƙasar Malesiya kuma mai mallakar alamar "Biritaniya") 'yancin amfani da sunan tarihi don yin aiki a cikin Circus.

Teamungiyar ta yi wasa na yanayi biyu ba tare da cin nasara ko ɗaya ba: shekarar farko ita ce Finn. Heikki Kovalainen yana matsayi na 12 a Japan, yayin da wurare goma sha uku suka isa shekara mai zuwa: biyu tare da namu Jarno Trulli (Australia da Monte Carlo) da wani tare da Kovalainen (Italiya).

Tsalle cikin inganci

A cikin 2012, bayan doguwar yaƙin shari'a, sunan Lotus ana amfani da shi ga tsoffin motocin kujeru guda ɗaya na Renault (ƙungiyar da masana'antun Burtaniya ta riga ta tallafa musu shekara guda da ta gabata). Teamungiyar, a hukumance ta dawo cikin Ingilishi, ta lashe Grand Prix (wanda ke Abu Dhabi tare da Finn Kimi Raikkonen) bayan shekaru ashirin da biyar na yunwa kuma a cikin 2013 ya kawo gida sabuwar nasara, kuma tare da Raikkonen a Ostiraliya.