Batirin Li-ion

Batirin lithium ion ko baturin lithium ion wani nau'in baturi ne na lithium

Fasaha masu tasowa don motsi e-motsi

Wayoyin hannu, kyamarori a kan jirgi, jirage masu saukar ungulu, kayan aikin wutar lantarki, babura masu lantarki, babura ... batir lithium suna da yawa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun kuma sun canza canjin amfani da yawa. Amma menene ainihin suke kawowa kuma har yanzu suna iya canzawa?

Batirin Li-ion

История

A cikin 1970s ne Stanley Whittingham ya gabatar da baturin lithium-ion. John B. Goodenough da Akiro Yoshino za su ci gaba da aikin na ƙarshe a cikin 1986. Sai a shekarar 1991 ne Sony ya kaddamar da batir irinsa na farko a kasuwa inda ya fara juyin juya hali a fannin fasaha. A cikin 2019, masu ƙirƙira guda uku an ba su lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Chemistry.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Batirin lithium-ion shine ainihin fakitin ƙwayoyin lithium-ion da yawa waɗanda ke adanawa da dawo da makamashin lantarki. Baturi yana dogara ne akan manyan abubuwa guda uku: tabbataccen lantarki, wanda ake kira cathode, electrode mara kyau, wanda ake kira anode, da electrolyte, mafita mai gudanarwa.

Lokacin da baturi ya fita, anode yana fitar da electrons ta hanyar electrolyte zuwa cathode, wanda kuma yana musayar ions masu kyau. Motsi yana canzawa yayin caji.

Saboda haka, ka'idar aiki ya kasance iri ɗaya da baturin "lead", sai dai a nan ana maye gurbin gubar da gubar oxide na electrodes da cobalt oxide cathode, wanda ya haɗa da ɗan ƙaramin lily da graphite anode. Hakazalika, sulfuric acid ko wanka na ruwa yana ba da hanya zuwa electrolyte na gishirin lithium.

Electrolyte da aka yi amfani da shi a yau yana cikin nau'in ruwa, amma bincike yana motsawa zuwa ga ingantaccen, aminci kuma mafi ɗorewa.

Amfanin

Me yasa batirin lithium-ion ya maye gurbin kowa a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata?

Amsar mai sauki ce. Wannan baturi yana ba da ingantaccen ƙarfin kuzari don haka yana ba da aikin iri ɗaya don tanadin nauyi idan aka kwatanta da gubar, nickel ...

Waɗannan batura kuma suna da ƙarancin fitar da kai (mafi girman 10% kowane wata), mara kulawa kuma basu da tasirin ƙwaƙwalwa.

A ƙarshe, idan sun fi tsofaffin fasahar batir tsada, sun fi arha fiye da lithium polymer (Li-Po) kuma sun kasance mafi inganci fiye da lithium phosphate (LiFePO4).

Lithium-ion wanda ya dace da motocin ƙafa biyu, anan tare da Juyin Halitta na BMW C

shortcomings

Koyaya, batirin lithium-ion ba su da kyau kuma, musamman, suna da ƙarin lalacewar tantanin halitta idan an sallame su gabaɗaya. Don haka, don kada su yi asarar dukiyoyinsu da sauri, yana da kyau a ɗora su ba tare da jira su zama lebur ba.

Da farko, baturi na iya haifar da haɗari mai haɗari. Lokacin da baturi ya yi yawa ko ya faɗi ƙasa -5 ° C, lithium yana ƙarfafa ta dendrites daga kowane lantarki. Lokacin da anode da cathode ke haɗa su ta dendrites, baturin zai iya kama wuta kuma ya fashe. An ba da rahoton lokuta da yawa tare da Nokia, Fujitsu-Siemens ko Samsung, fashewar abubuwa kuma sun faru a cikin jirgin sama, don haka a yau an hana ɗaukar baturin lithium-ion a cikin riƙo, kuma shiga cikin ɗakin yana iyakancewa ta fuskar wutar lantarki (haramta a sama). 160 Wh kuma ƙarƙashin izini daga 100 zuwa 160 Wh).

Don haka, don yaƙar wannan al'amari, masana'antun sun aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa lantarki (BMS) waɗanda ke da ikon auna zafin baturi, daidaita ƙarfin lantarki, da kuma yin aiki azaman masu warwarewar kewayawa a yayin da wani abu ya faru. M electrolyte ko polymer gel suma an binciko hangen nesan don kaucewa matsalar.

Hakanan, don guje wa zafi fiye da kima, cajin baturi yana raguwa sama da kashi 20 na ƙarshe, don haka sau da yawa ana tallata lokacin caji akan 80% ...

Koyaya, batirin lithium-ion mai amfani da shi don amfanin yau da kullun yana da matukar tasiri ga muhalli, da farko ta hanyar hako lithium, wanda ke buƙatar adadin ruwa mai kyau na falaki, sannan a sake sarrafa shi a ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Koyaya, sake yin amfani da su ko sake amfani da su yana ƙaruwa daga shekara zuwa shekara.

5,4 kWh Electric Scooter ATL 60V 45A Li-ion Baturi

Menene makomar lithium ion?

Yayin da bincike ke ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wasu fasahohin da ba su da ƙazanta, mafi ɗorewa, mai rahusa don kerawa, ko mafi aminci, shin batirin lithium-ion ya kai ƙarfinsa?

Baturin lithium-ion, wanda ke aiki akan sikelin masana'antu tsawon shekaru talatin, bai sami kalmarsa ta ƙarshe ba, kuma abubuwan ci gaba suna ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari, saurin caji, ko aminci. Mun ga wannan a tsawon shekaru, musamman a fannin motoci masu kafa biyu, inda babur din ya wanzu kimanin kilomita hamsin ne kawai shekaru 5 da suka wuce, wasu babura a yanzu sun haye tashoshi 200.

Alkawuran juyin juya hali suma runduna ne kamar Nawa carbon electrode, Jenax foldable baturi, 105 ° C zafin aiki a NGK ...

Abin baƙin ciki shine, bincike sau da yawa yana fuskantar mummunar gaskiyar riba da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi masana'antu. A dai dai lokacin da ake ci gaba da samar da wata hanyar fasaha ta daban, musamman na lithium-air da ake tsammani, lithium-ion har yanzu yana da makoma mai haske a gaba, musamman a duniyar injinan kafa biyu na lantarki, inda nauyi da raguwar sawu ke da mahimmanci.