DAF motocin fasinja - Yaren mutanen Holland ci gaban

Muna danganta alamar DAF ta Dutch tare da kowane nau'in manyan motoci, waɗanda ke cikin mafi shahara, musamman a ɓangaren tarakta, amma kamfanin kuma ya sami labarin kera motoci. Ga takaitaccen tarihin motocin fasinja na DAF. 

Duk da cewa tarihin wannan alama ya samo asali ne tun a shekarun 1949, an fara samar da manyan motocin DAF ne a shekarar 30, lokacin da aka kaddamar da manyan motoci biyu: A50 da A600, tare da injin dake karkashin taksi. A shekara mai zuwa, an buɗe sabon shuka, wanda ya ba da damar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa. Haka kuma injiniyoyin kasar Holland sun fara samar da kayayyaki ga sojojin. A cikin shekarun da kamfanin ya ci gaba sosai, har aka yanke shawarar fara sabon babi na tarihi - samar da motar fasinja. Shekaru tara bayan kaddamar da manyan motocin farko, an gabatar da DAF. Ita ce kawai motar fasinja da aka kera a cikin Netherlands.

DAF 600 yana da ƙananan ƙafafu masu tsayin mita 12 mai inci 3,6, amma ga wannan ɓangaren yana da babban akwati. Samun wurin zama na baya ya kasance mai sauƙi godiya ga manyan kofofi da nadawa gaban kujerar baya. Za a iya kiran ƙirar motar ta zamani da ergonomic.

Don tuƙi, an yi amfani da ƙaramin injin sanyaya iska mai silinda biyu tare da girman 590 cm3 da ƙarfin 22 hp. samu bayan 90 seconds. Mafi mahimmancin ƙirƙira shine Akwatin gear ɗin Variomatic wanda DAF co-kafa Hub Van Doorn ya haɓaka.

A yau mun san wannan bayani a matsayin mai bambance-bambancen mataki. Zane na DAF ya dogara ne akan ɗigon V-belt guda biyu waɗanda ke tura wuta daga injin zuwa ƙafafun. Saboda DAFs ba su da kayan aiki, za su iya ci gaba da baya a cikin gudu iri ɗaya. An fara da DAF 600, Akwatunan gear Variomatic sun zama motar fasinja ta ƙera.

Ta hanyar buga labaran kasuwanci DAF 600 an karbe shi da kyau. Ta'aziyyar hawan hawa, sauƙin sarrafawa da ƙira mai tunani an yaba su musamman, kodayake gaskiyar ita ce Variomatic bai dace ba. V-belts bai bada garantin tsawon rayuwar sabis ba. DAF ya ba da tabbacin cewa hanyoyin da ke cikin tsarin yakamata su isa su rufe aƙalla 40. km ba tare da maye gurbin ba. 'Yan jaridan ba su koka game da sashin wutar lantarki ba, amma sun lura cewa aikin bai gamsar ba.

Motar ta ci gaba da sayarwa har 1963. Baya ga sedan mai kofa biyu, an kuma samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan duniya. A wannan lokacin, an samar da kwafin wannan jariri 30. A halin yanzu, an ƙaddamar da sigar da ta fi ƙarfi a cikin samarwa, wanda a zahiri ya zama magaji na 563th.

DAF 750 (1961-1963) yana da injin da ya fi girma iri ɗaya, wanda, godiya ga karuwar ƙaura, ya samar da 8 hp. ƙari, wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen aiki: matsakaicin saurin ya karu zuwa 105 km / h. Tare da 750, an gabatar da wani samfurin, 30 Daffodil, wanda bai bambanta da aikin tuki daga gare ta ba, amma ya kasance mafi kyawun sigar. An zaɓi datsa grille chrome a lokacin. Shi ne samfurin da ya fi tsada a layin DAF, wanda ya ba da motoci tagwaye uku a farkon shekarun XNUMX.

An katse hargitsi a cikin tsari a cikin 1963 lokacin da aka bude shi. DAF Narcissus 31lokacin da aka daina samar da wasu samfuran. Sabuwar motar tana da ƙafafu masu girma (inci 13), an canza carburetor a cikin injin, amma wannan bai ƙara ƙarfin ba, amma ingantaccen inganci. A karon farko, DAF ya gabatar da sabon sigar jiki don wannan ƙirar. Motar tasha ce, wacce take tunawa da shahararriyar '56 Bosto Mermaid. Babban tsarin kayan ya wuce layin rufin kuma an yi masa kyalli ko wani bangare. An kera jimlar guda 200 31 na dukkan motocin Daffodil DAF.

Zamanin zamani na gaba ya faru ne a cikin 1965, kuma tare da shi aka canza sunan zuwa DAF Daffodil 32. Babu wasu manyan canje-canje ta fuskar zane, amma an sake fasalin jikin, wanda aka fi sani da gaba. A lokacin ne aka kirkiro DAF na farko tare da dandano na wasanni - Daffodil 32 S. Ta hanyar haɓaka girman injin (har zuwa 762 cm3), maye gurbin carburetor da tace iska, ƙarfin injin ya karu zuwa 36 hp. Motar dai an yi ta ne a cikin adadin kwafi 500 don yin luwadi, domin DAF ta shiga cikin gangamin. Daidaitaccen sigar Model 32 ya sayar da kwafi 53.

Hoto. DAF 33 Kombi, Niels de Witt, flickr. Ƙirƙirar Commons

Iyalin ƙananan motoci DAF sun cika samfurin 33, wanda aka yi a 1967-1974. Har yanzu, babu wani babban zamani na zamani. Motar ta kasance mafi kyawun kayan aiki kuma tana da injin 32 hp, wanda ya ba ta damar yin saurin 112 km / h. DAF 33 ya zama babban nasara - an kera motoci 131.

Samar da motocin fasinja ya samu riba sosai, har DAF ta yanke shawarar gina wata masana’anta, tare da cin gajiyar yanayin tattalin arzikin kasar. Bayan rufe wata mahakar ma'adinai a lardin Limburg, gwamnatin kasar Holland ta bukaci bayar da tallafin zuba jari a yankin domin yaki da rashin aikin yi. Masu wannan kamfani sun yi amfani da wannan damar suka fara aikin gina masana’antar a Born, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 1967. Daga nan aka fara kera sabuwar mota kirar DAF 44.

Bayan farko DAF Narcissus 32Stylist dan Italiya Giovanni Michelotti ya shiga cikin gyaran gyaran, kuma an fara aiki a kan babbar motar fasinja. A wannan lokacin, mai zane zai iya samun damar ƙirƙirar sabon jiki gaba ɗaya, godiya ga wanda DAF 44 ya yi kama da na zamani da kyan gani ga tsakiyar sittin. Hakanan ya tabbatar da nasara a tallace-tallace. An fara samarwa a cikin 1966 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1974. A wannan lokacin, an samar da adadin guda 167.

Hoto. Peter Rolthof, flickr.com, mai lasisi. Ƙirƙirar Al'umma 2.0

DAF 44 har yanzu sedan mai kofa biyu ce, amma dan kadan ya fi girma, yana auna mita 3,88. Motar da aka yi amfani da ita ingantaccen injin ne daga ƙaramin dangin DAF. 34hp ku An samu ta hanyar ƙara girman aiki zuwa 844 cm3. An aika da wutar lantarki ta hanyar watsawar Varomatic ci gaba da canzawa koyaushe. Baya ga sedan, an kuma gabatar da motar tasha, wanda a wannan karon an kera shi da karin gyare-gyare. Dangane da samfurin, an gina abin hawa na musamman na Kalmar KVD 440, wanda aka kera don gidan Sweden. Wani kamfani ne ya kera motar a kasar Sweden, amma an gina ta ne daga dukkanin watsawar DAF 44.

Hoto. Peter Rolthof, flickr.com, mai lasisi. Ƙirƙirar Al'umma 2.0

Ya fara aiki a shekarar 1974. DAF 46wanda bai bambanta a aikin jiki da wanda ya gabace shi ba. An ɗan canza cikakkun bayanai na salo, amma mafi mahimmancin haɓakawa shine amfani da sabon ƙarni na watsawa na Variomatic tare da axle ɗin tuƙi na De-Dion. Irin wannan maganin yana ba da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali yayin tuki a kan wuraren da ba daidai ba kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin motocin da suka fi tsada a lokacin, kamar Opel Diplomat. Duk da ingantawa, samar da wannan samfurin ba shi da kyau. Ya zuwa 1976, an samar da raka'a 32.

Babban sashin motar fasinja na DAF shine samfurin 55, wanda ya fara samarwa a 1968. A wannan karon mutanen Holland sun watsar da kananan injinan sanyaya iska don neman injin mai sanyaya ruwa. Maimakon injin Silinda biyu, DAF 55 An sami injin Renault mai nauyin lita 1,1-lita huɗu da ƙasa da 50 hp. Injin mai ƙarfi ya ba da kyakkyawan aiki (136 km / h, haɓakawa zuwa 80 km / h a cikin 12 seconds), saboda motar ba ta da nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan 'yan'uwanta - tana auna 785 kg.

Wannan shine yunƙurin farko na DAF a Variomatic tare da irin wannan naúrar mai ƙarfi. Wannan matsala ce ta injiniya, saboda bel ɗin tuƙi ya ƙare zuwa wani nauyi mai girma fiye da yanayin watsa wutar lantarki daga injin silinda biyu. Yin amfani da bel mai ƙarfi ya shafi ingantaccen tsarin duka.

Hoto. DAF 55 Coupe Nico Quatrevingtsix, flickr.com, lasisi. Ƙirƙirar Al'umma 2.0

Da farko, an ba da motar a matsayin sedan kofa biyu, kamar duk motocin da suka gabata na alamar. Wani sabon abu shi ne samfurin coupe da aka gabatar a cikin wannan shekarar, wanda aka bambanta da zane mai ban sha'awa. Rufin rufin da ya fi kaifi ya ƙara tashin hankali. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa masu siye da son rai sun zaɓi wannan zaɓi, saboda DAF bai ba da sedan mai kofa huɗu ba.

Har ila yau, wani aiki ne mai ban sha'awa. DAF Torpedo - motar motsa jiki samfurin motsa jiki tare da ƙira mai siffa mai ƙarfi. An gina motar a kan tsarin DAF 55 Coupe - tana da injin lita 1,1 da akwatin gear Variomatic. An yi motar a cikin kwafi ɗaya kawai, an gabatar da ita a bikin baje kolin Geneva a shekarar 1968.

A ƙarshen samarwa, bugu na musamman da ake kira Marathon 55 (1971-1972). Mafi mahimmancin canji shine injin 63 hp. tare da ƙaura ɗaya da daidaitaccen sigar. Wannan sigar kuma ta inganta dakatarwa, birki da ƙara ratsi a jiki. Motar a cikin wannan sigar na iya haɓaka zuwa 145 km / h. 10 aka samar.

Sigar Marathon ya dawo cikin magajin da yake DAF 66wanda aka samar a 1972-1976. Motar dai ta yi kama da wanda ya gabace ta kuma tana dauke da injin mai lita 1,1, amma akwai karin 3 hp. (injin ya kasance 53 hp). Na'urar Marathon ta asali tana da injin 60 hp, kuma daga baya an sanya sabon injin mai lita 1,3, wanda Renault ya yi.

Dangane da samfurin 66, an shirya motar sojan DAF 66 YA (1974) tare da bude jiki (tare da rufin zane). Motar tana da tsarin tuƙi da bel ɗin gaba mai kama da samfurin farar hula. Sauran an daidaita su don bukatun soja. An yi amfani da injin har zuwa shekaru casa'in.

Samar da DAF 66 ya ci gaba har zuwa 1975 kuma an samar da raka'a 101 a sigar sedan, coupe da tasha.

Abin sha'awa, bayan liyafar ɗimbin liyafar ƙananan motoci na farko na alamar, sunan su ya fara raguwa a tsawon lokaci. Babban dalilin shi ne daidaitawar motocin alamar zuwa matsakaicin saurin 25 km / h. Hakan ya faru ne saboda dokar kasar Holland wacce ta baiwa mutane damar tuka irin wannan motar ba tare da izini ba. DAFs da aka canza ta wannan hanyar sun kasance cikas, wanda ke shafar hoton ta atomatik. Ana farawa a cikin rallycross, Formula 3 da marathon yakamata su canza hoton, amma direbobin motsa jiki sun zaɓi motocin DAF, galibi na tsofaffi.

Matsalar DAF kuma ta kasance ƙananan ƙirar ƙira da yanke shawarar yin duk motoci samuwa kawai tare da Akwatin Gearbox Variomatic, wanda, duk da fa'idodin da ba za a iya musantawa ba, yana da jerin matsaloli masu yawa - bai dace da hawa tare da injuna masu ƙarfi ba, belin zai iya. karya, kuma ban da , wasu direbobi sun fi son watsawa ta zamani.

 

Hoto. DAF 66 YA, Dennis Elzinga, flickr.com, lic. Ƙirƙirar Commons

A cikin 1972, DAF ya shiga yarjejeniya tare da Volvo, wanda ya sami 1/3 na hannun jari a cikin shuka a Born. Shekaru uku bayan haka, kamfanin Volvo ya karbe shi gaba daya. Ba a kammala samar da DAF 66 ba - ya ci gaba har zuwa 1981. Daga wannan shekara tambarin Volvo ya bayyana a kan grille na radiator, amma wannan motar ce. Dukan motocin Renault Powertrains da Akwatin Gear Variomatic an kiyaye su.

Volvo ya kuma yi amfani da samfurin da bai riga ya shiga samarwa ba. DAF 77wanda, bayan da yawa bita, ya ci gaba da sayarwa a matsayin Volvo 343. Production ya fara a 1976 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1991. Motar ta zama mafi kyawun siyarwa - an samar da raka'a miliyan 1,14. Da farko an miƙa motar tare da variomisk, sunan wanda aka canza zuwa akwatin gear CVT. A cewar masu zanen DAF, watsawar bai dace da wannan abin hawa mai nauyi ba. Tuni a cikin 1979, Volvo ya gabatar da watsawar hannu a cikin tayin.

Don haka ya ƙare tarihin motocin fasinja na DAF, kuma babu alamar cewa wannan masana'antar manyan motoci mai nasara za ta sake farfado da wannan aikin gefe. Abin takaici ne, domin tarihi ya nuna cewa sun kasance suna neman guraben su a kasuwa ta hanya mai ban sha'awa.