Darasi Wayar da Kan Kare Haɗin Hanya: Wadanne Al'amura?

Kwas ɗin wayar da kan jama'a kan lafiyar hanya ba canja wurin makaranta bane. Kwas ɗin, wanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki 2 a jere, yana bawa direbobi damar tambayar halayensu masu haɗari akan hanya. Akwai lokuta 4 na horo tare da ko ba tare da dawo da maki ba.

🚗 Menene Koyarwar Farko ta Sa'ada (Case ta 1)?

Lokacin da aka ɗauki kwas ɗin horo da son rai bayan cin zarafi da asarar maki, kamar gudu, yin amfani da wayar yayin tuki, ko ma ingantaccen matakin barasa na jini, karatun yana ba da damar. mai da maki 4 akan lasisinsa.

Menene sharuɗɗan horarwa na son rai?

• A gaskiya ma, sun rasa maki, wato, ta hanyar duba fayil ɗin lasisin tuƙi na ƙasa a kan gidan yanar gizon https://tele7.interieur.gouv.fr/tlp/ ko kuma sun sami wasika 48 daga Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida;
• Ba shi da lasisin da alkali ya soke ko kuma ya soke shi saboda yana kan maki 0 ​​a lokacin da ya karɓi takardar shedar 48si;
• Ba a kammala aikin dawo da maki ba kasa da shekara guda da ta gabata;

Ta yaya zan yi rajista don horon horo?

Yana yiwuwa a ɗauki horon horo a kowane sashe a Faransa da yin rajista don ingantaccen kwas na dawo da LegiPermis a kowane hali don dawo da maki biyo bayan hukuncin kotu ko sanarwar gudanarwa.

Hattara da jinkirin rasa maki

Ƙayyadaddun lokaci don rasa maki ba ya faruwa nan da nan bayan an aikata laifin. Misali, ba dole ba ne ka yi horon horo idan kana da ƙarin maki 12. Lokacin cire maki ya bambanta, ko tarar ne don cin zarafi ko cin zarafi:

• Bayan tikitin maki 1-4 : Asarar maki yana farawa tare da biyan hukunci mai fa'ida ko ƙari a cikin hukuncin. A aikace, akwai ƙarin jinkirin gudanarwa, wanda sau da yawa yana daidaitawa tsakanin makonni 2 da watanni 3;
• Bayan tikitin aji 5 ko laifi : asarar maki yana faruwa lokacin da yanke shawara ya ƙare. Dangane da hukuncin kotu, hukuncin zai kare ne bayan kwanaki 30 bisa laifin cin zarafi da kuma kwanaki 45 na aikata laifi. Don wannan dole ne mu ƙara jinkirin gudanarwa a cikin asarar maki daga makonni 2 zuwa watanni 3 akan matsakaici;

🔎 Menene Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararru (Case 2)?

Ga matasan direbobi masu horon horo na shekaru 3 na farko (ko shekaru 2 kawai bayan tuƙi tare da rakiyar), ƙa'idodin sun bambanta. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hanzari da matsakaicin izinin barasa na jini, wanda aka rage zuwa 0,2 g / l, akwai tsarin horo na wajibi bayan wasu cin zarafi.

Don haka, bayan aikata laifin keta dokar hanya, wanda ya ƙunshi asarar maki 3 ko fiye, za a bukaci matashin direba ya dauki kwas na wayar da kan jama'a kan kiyaye lafiyar hanya.

Yaushe wannan alkawari zai fara?

Lura cewa wajibi ba ya fara bayan laifin, amma bayan karbar wasikar shawarar hanyar haɗin 48n wanda ke zuwa bayan rasa maki. Dole ne ku jira har sai kun samu harafi 48n yi horon horo, in ba haka ba gwamnati na iya la'akari da shi na son rai, a cikin wannan yanayin zai zama dole a maimaita horon.

Matashin direba a kan gwaji cikin watanni 4 yi horon horo bayan samun takardar shedar wasiƙa.

Shin muna tattara maki a cikin kwasa-kwasan horar da direbobin matasa?

Tunda babu wani kwas na sake ginawa a cikin shekarar da ta gabace wannan karatun na tilas, wannan darasi na tilas yana ba da damar. mayar da har zuwa maki 4 a cikin mafi girman ragowar lasisin gwaji. Don haka, alal misali, bayan rasa maki 3 daga cikin 6 sakamakon tsallaka layin ci gaba, ba za mu iya samun maki 7 cikin 6 ba, kuma za mu dawo da maki 3 ne kawai yayin horon.

Bugu da kari, shiga cikin wannan horon akan lokaci yana ba da damar sami maido da tarar hade da wani laifi (sai dai a cikin shari'ar laifi).

Me zai faru idan kun rasa maki 6 a cikin shekarar gwaji ta farko?

Idan laifin da ya haifar da asarar maki 6, kamar shan barasa yayin tuki ko amfani da kwayoyi, an aikata shi a cikin shekarar gwaji ta farko, kuma wannan asarar maki a zahiri yana faruwa a cikin shekarar farko a Fayil ɗin Lasisi na Tuki (FNPC), to horon ba zai yiwu ba.don kiyaye lasisi. Za a soke na ƙarshe bayan samun sanarwar da ake kira "wasiƙa 48" idan har koyaushe ana aika ta ta hanyar saƙon saƙo.

🚘 Menene horon horo a cikin mahallin laifin aikata laifi (Case ta 3)?

Mai gabatar da kara na iya, ta hanyar wakilin mai gabatar da kara ko jami'in 'yan sanda na shari'a, ya ba da shawarar sanya takunkumi ga wanda ya aikata laifin ta hanyar zirga-zirga domin gujewa shari'a. Mai laifin na iya karbar wannan hukunci ko kuma ya ki.

Kos ɗin koyar da lafiyar hanya na al'umma masu laifi baya samar da maki kuma yana kasancewa a bayyane cikin kan kari. Wato duk direban da ya ɗauki wannan kwas idan har 3 ba ya buƙatar jira shekara guda don kammala wani kwas ɗin don radin kansa don tattara maki (harka 1).

💡 Menene Koyarwar Jumla ta Tilas (Zaɓi 4)?

Alal misali, a yanayin yanke hukunci a ’yan sanda ko kotun laifuka, alkali na iya umurci direba ya ɗauki horo kan lafiyar hanya da kuɗinsa. Sau da yawa hakan yana faruwa ne a cikin tsarin doka, wanda shine sauƙaƙan hanyar yanke hukunci.

Duk da yake a mafi yawan lokuta ana ba da horon horo a matsayin ƙarin hukunci ga tarar, wani lokacin ana ayyana wannan hukuncin a matsayin babban hukunci.

Har ila yau, wannan darasi na tilas baya buƙatar sake nunawa kuma baya ƙidaya zuwa sake kammala karatun na gyare-gyare na son rai (harka ta 1).