Maza masu tauri a bakin sararin samaniya
Bisa ga bincike, da sauransu daga masana kimiyyar halittu daga Jami'ar Amurka ta Maryland, stratosphere gida ne ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda za su iya jure matsanancin sanyi da bam na ultraviolet kuma suna wakiltar iyakar rayuwa ta duniya. Masana kimiyya suna so su samar da wani "Atlas of Stratospheric Microbes" wanda zai lissafta ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke rayuwa a kan tudu.
An gudanar da nazarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a saman saman sararin samaniya tun cikin 30s. Ɗaya daga cikin majagabansu ya shahara Charles Lindbergh ne adam watawanda, tare da matarsa, sun yi nazarin samfurori na yanayi. Tawagar su ta same su da sauransu fungal spores da pollen hatsi.
A shekarun 70s an ga bincike na farko na nazarin halittu a cikin stratosphere, musamman a Turai da Tarayyar Soviet. A halin yanzu ana nazarin ilimin halittu na yanayi, ciki har da ta hanyar aikin NASA mai suna Sama (). Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka lura, matsananciyar yanayi a cikin duniyar duniyar sun yi kama da na yanayi na Martian, don haka nazarin rayuwar stratospheric zai iya taimakawa wajen gano "baƙi" daban-daban fiye da duniyarmu.
- - ya ce a cikin wata hira da "Mujallar Astrobiology" Shiladitya DasSarma, masanin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Maryland. - .
Abin takaici, babu shirye-shiryen bincike da yawa da aka keɓe ga rayayyun halittu a cikin yanayi. Akwai matsaloli tare da wannan, saboda ƙaddamar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a kowace juzu'i akwai ƙananan ƙananan. A cikin yanayi mai kauri, bushe, sanyi, a cikin yanayin iska mai sirara da hasken ultraviolet, ƙwayoyin cuta dole ne su haɓaka dabarun rayuwa irin na extremophiles. Kwayoyin cuta da fungi yawanci suna mutuwa a can, amma wasu suna rayuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar spores da ke kare kayan halitta.
— — wyjaśnia DasSarma. —
Hukumomin sararin samaniya, ciki har da NASA, a yanzu sun yi taka tsantsan don kada su fallasa sauran duniyoyi ga microfauna na Duniya, don haka ana yin taka-tsantsan kafin a harba wani abu zuwa sararin samaniya. A mafi yawan lokuta, yana da wuya cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su tsira daga bam ta hanyar haskoki na sararin samaniya. Amma kwayoyin stratospheric sun nuna cewa wasu na iya yin hakan. Tabbas, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tsira baya daidaita da bunƙasa a rayuwa. Kasancewar kwayar halitta tana rayuwa a cikin yanayi kuma, alal misali, ta isa duniyar Mars, ba yana nufin za ta iya haɓakawa da hayayyafa a can ba.
Shin wannan da gaske haka ne? Ana iya amsa wannan tambayar ta ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da kwayoyin halitta na stratospheric.
