Rushewa da farfaɗowar Albaniya VVS

Mutum mafi sauri na jirgin saman sojan Albaniya shi ne jirgin F-7A na kasar Sin mai yawan jama'a biyu, kwafin MiG-21F-13 na Rasha (an sayo irin wadannan injuna 12).

Rundunar sojojin saman Albania da ta taɓa samun babban ci gaba a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, tare da raguwa sosai. Zamanin jiragen yaki na jet, sanye da kayan da aka fi amfani da shi da kwafin jirgin saman Soviet na kasar Sin ya kare. A yau, sojojin saman Albaniya suna aiki da jirage masu saukar ungulu kawai.

An kafa rundunar sojojin saman Albaniya a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 1951 kuma an kafa sansaninsu na farko a filin jirgin sama na Tirana. Rundunar ta USSR ta isar da mayakan Yak-12 guda 9 (ciki har da mayaka Yak-11P mai kujeru 9 da horon yaki mai kujeru 1 Yak-9V) da jirgin sadarwa 4 Po-2. An gudanar da horar da ma'aikata a Yugoslavia. A cikin 1952, an sanya masu horar da Yak-4 18 da masu horar da Yak-4 11. A cikin 1953, an ƙara musu jirgin horo 6 Yak-18A tare da chassis na gaba. A cikin 1959, an karɓi ƙarin injuna 12 na irin wannan don sabis.

An kai mayakan na farko zuwa Albaniya a watan Janairu-Afrilu 1955 daga USSR kuma suna da jirgin yaki 26 MiG-15 bis da jirgin horo 4 UTI MiG-15. An sami ƙarin jiragen UTI MiG-15 takwas a 1956 daga Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Tsakiyar Soviet (4 US-102) da PRC (4 FT-2).

A shekarar 1962, sojojin saman Albaniya sun karbi mayaka F-8 guda takwas daga kasar Sin, wadanda kwafin mayakan Soviet MiG-5F ne masu lasisi. An bambanta su da injin da aka sanye da kayan wuta.

A cikin 1957, an isar da jirgin sama na Il-14M, jirage masu amfani da haske da yawa na Mi-1 biyu ko uku da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu na Mi-4 guda hudu daga Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya zama tushen jigilar sufurin jiragen sama. Sun kuma kasance jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu na farko a rundunar sojojin saman Albaniya. A cikin wannan shekarar ne aka kai harin da jirgin sama samfurin Il-28, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin tuggu don kai hari ta sama.

A cikin 1971, an ba da ƙarin jiragen jigilar Il-3 guda uku (ciki har da Il-14M da Il-14P daga GDR da Il-14T daga Masar). Dukkanin injunan irin wannan an tattara su ne a filin jirgin sama na Rinas. Haka kuma an kai harin kunar bakin wake da wani jirgin ruwa na Il-14.

A cikin 1959, Albaniya ta sami 12 MiG-19PM supersonic interceptors sanye take da RP-2U radar gani da makamai masu linzami guda hudu na RS-2US iska-da-iska. Wannan dai shi ne jirgin na karshe da aka kawo daga Tarayyar Soviet, domin jim kadan bayan haka shugaban Albaniya Enver Hoxha ya katse hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen biyu saboda dalilai na akida.

Bayan katse hulda da Tarayyar Soviet Albaniya ta karfafa hadin gwiwa da PRC, a cikin tsarin da aka fara sayan makamai da kayan aikin soja a wannan kasa. A shekarar 1962, an karbo jiragen horaswa na Nanchang PT-20 guda 6 daga masana'antun kasar Sin, wadanda kwafin kasar Sin ne na jirgin Soviet Yak-18A. A cikin wannan shekarar, kasar Sin ta kai mayakan Shenyang F-12 guda 5, wato. Mayakan MiG-17F da aka kera a ƙarƙashin lasisin Soviet. Tare da su, an sami ƙarin jiragen horar da FT-8 guda 2.

A cikin 1962, an kafa Kwalejin Sojan Sama, wanda aka sanye shi da jiragen horo na asali guda 20 PT-6, jirage masu ba da horo 12 UTI MiG-15 da aka janye daga sassan gaba, da kuma jirgin yaki 12 MiG-15 da aka samu ta wannan hanya. A wurinsu a cikin layin farko, an saka mayakan F-12 5 da jiragen horo 8 FT-2, da aka shigo da su a lokaci guda daga PRC. An raba su zuwa jiragen sama guda biyu, waɗanda aka ajiye a filin jirgin sama na Valona (wani rukuni na jirgin saman piston - PT-6 da squadron na jet aircraft - MiG-15 bis da UTI MiG-15).

An kuma gudanar da wani isar da jiragen sama na kasar Sin a cikin 13-5 don jiragen sama masu haske da yawa na Harbin Y-2, kwafin lasisin jirgin saman Soviet An-1963. An tura sabbin injinan a filin jirgin saman Tirana.

A cikin 1965, an tura masu shiga tsakani na MiG-19PM goma sha biyu zuwa PRC. A musayar, an yi yuwuwar siyan manyan mayakan Shenyang F-6 masu yawa, wadanda suka kasance kwafin kasar Sin na mayaƙin Soviet MiG-19S, amma ba tare da hangen nesa na radar ba da makami mai linzami na iska zuwa iska. A cikin 1966-1971, an sayo mayakan F-66 6, ciki har da kwafi huɗu da aka daidaita don leƙen asirin hoto, waɗanda aka sanye da runduna shida na jiragen yaƙi. Sannan kuma an karbi wani irin wannan mayakin a matsayin diyya na samfurin da aka bata saboda dalilai na fasaha a shekarar 1972, saboda laifin wani ma'aikacin na'urar harsashin bindiga mai lahani. Tare da su, an sayi jiragen horo 6 FT-5 (aikin da aka yi a shekarar 1972), wanda ya kasance haɗin jirgin F-5 tare da kujerun kujeru biyu na jirgin horo na yaki na FT-2. A lokaci guda kuma, an sayo wani dan kunar bakin wake na Harbin H-5, wanda kwafin jirgin na Il-28 ne, don maye gurbin na'ura irin wannan, wanda aka samu shekaru goma sha biyar a baya.

An kammala fadada zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yaki na sojojin saman Albaniya a tsakiyar 12s. Na karshe da aka saya su ne 7 Chengdu F-1972A supersonic mayaka (wanda aka kai a cikin 21), an ƙirƙira su bisa tushen mayaƙin Soviet MiG-13F-2 kuma suna ɗauke da makamai masu linzami samfurin PL-3 guda biyu. Sun kasance kwafin makami mai linzami na Soviet infrared homing RS-9S, wanda aka kwatanta shi da makami mai linzami na AIM-XNUMXB na Sidewinder na Amurka.

Jirgin saman sojan Albaniya ya kai matsayin tawagogi tara na jirage masu saukar ungulu na yaki, wadanda suka kunshi runduna ta sama guda uku. Rundunar da aka kafa a sansanin Lezha tana da F-7A squadron da F-6 guda biyu, rundunar da ke filin jirgin saman Kutsova tana da F-6 squadrons guda biyu da F-5 squadron. da MiG squadron -6 bis.

F-6 (MiG-19S) sun kasance mafi yawan mayaka a Albaniya, amma kafin kaddamar da su a 1959, an shigo da mayaka 12 MiG-19PM daga USSR, wanda a cikin 1965 aka tura zuwa PRC don kwafi.

A shekara ta 1967, baya ga jirage masu saukar ungulu na Mi-4 da aka kawo daga Tarayyar Soviet, Albaniya ta sayi jirage masu saukar ungulu na Harbin Z-30 daga PRC 5, wadanda kwafin Mi-4 ne na kasar Sin (suna cikin hidima tare da tawagar sojojin sama uku) . Rundunar tana tsaye a filin Fark). Jirgin na karshe na wadannan injinan ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, 2003, bayan haka kuma a hukumance washegari aka kore su. Uku daga cikinsu an ajiye su ne a matsayin wurin ajiyewa na wani lokaci.

A tsakiyar shekarun saba'in na karnin da ya gabata, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Albaniya ta kai matsayi mafi girma na squadrons sanye da jiragen yaki jet (1 x F-7A, 6 x F-6, 1 x F-5 da 1 x MiG-15 bis ). ).

Ƙarshen shekaru XNUMX ya haifar da tabarbarewar dangantakar Albaniya da Sin, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, rundunar sojojin saman Albaniya ta fara kokawa da ƙarin matsaloli, tare da ƙoƙarin kiyaye fasahar fasahar jiragenta a matakin da ya dace. Saboda yanayin tattalin arziki da ya tabarbare a kasar a cikin XNUMXs da kuma iyakancewar kashe kudi kan makaman da ke tattare da shi, lamarin ya kara dagulewa.

A shekara ta 1992, an zaɓi sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, wadda ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin gurguzu a Albaniya. Duk da haka, hakan bai inganta yanayin da sojojin saman ke ciki ba, wadanda suka ci gaba da rayuwa cikin mawuyacin hali, musamman lokacin da tsarin bankin Albaniya ya ruguje a shekarar 1997. A lokacin boren da ya biyo baya, ko dai an lalata ko kuma an lalata akasarin kayan aiki da kayan aikin sojojin saman Albaniya. Gaba ba ta da kyau. Don jirgin saman soja na Albaniya ya tsira, dole ne a rage shi sosai tare da sabunta shi.

A cikin 2002, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Albaniya ta ƙaddamar da shirin 2010 Forces Objective 2010 (tushen ci gaba har zuwa 3500), wanda a ƙarƙashinsa za a sake tsara ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashinsu. Ya kamata a rage yawan ma’aikata daga hafsoshi da sojoji 1600 zuwa kusan mutane 2005. Rundunar sojin sama ta ce za ta kori dukkan jiragen yakin da za a ajiye a Gyader, Kutsov da Rinas, da fatan samun wanda zai saya musu. Jirgin saman sojan Albaniya ya yi jirginsa na karshe na jet a watan Disambar 50, wanda ya kawo karshen shekaru XNUMX na jiragen yaki.

An sayar da jiragen sama 153 da suka hada da: 11 MiG-15bis, 13 UTI MiG-15, 11 F-5, 65 F-6, 10 F-7A, 1 H-5, 31 Z-5, 3 Y- 5 da 8 PT-6. Banda shi ne adana jiragen horo 6 FT-5 da kuma jirgin horar da piston 8 PT-6 cikin yanayin asu. Ya kamata a yi amfani da su wajen dawo da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yaki da jiragen da zaran an inganta harkokin kudin kasar. Ana sa ran hakan zai faru bayan shekara ta 2010. Samo mayakan F-26-5 na Turkiyya 2000, wanda zai zama wani share fage ga samun mayakan F-16 a nan gaba. A cikin yanayin mayakan F-7A, tsammanin tallace-tallace ya zama kamar gaske, tunda waɗannan injunan suna da ɗan ƙaramin lokacin tashi har zuwa sa'o'i 400. Hasken Y-5s guda huɗu ne kawai da PT-6s horo huɗu suka rage cikin sabis.

Tun kafin sanarwar shirin sake fasalin, Albaniya ta yi amfani da sabbin jirage masu saukar ungulu kaɗan kaɗan. A cikin 1991, an sayi helikwafta mai lamba Bell 222UT daga Amurka, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don jigilar muhimman mutane. Sai dai abin takaicin shi ne, ya mutu ne a wani hatsarin da ya faru a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2006, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane shida, dukkansu a cikin jirgin. Hakanan a cikin 1991, Faransa ta ba da gudummawar jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu Aerospatale AS.350B Ecureuil zuwa Albaniya. A halin yanzu dai ma’aikatar harkokin cikin gida na amfani da su wajen sintiri a kan iyakokin kasar da kuma jigilar dakaru na musamman. A cikin 1995, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta sayi hudu da aka yi amfani da su Aerospatiale SA.319B Alouette III helikofta motar asibiti daga Switzerland don sabis na motar asibiti (1995 - 1 da 1996 - 3). A cikin 1999, an isar da helikofta na matsakaici na Mi-8 (wataƙila an karɓa daga Ukraine?), Yanzu ana amfani da shi ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida don dalilai guda ɗaya kamar AS.350B.

Ana kallon zamanantar da sojojin saman Albaniya a matsayin wani muhimmin mataki na ganin sojojin Albaniya sun kai matsayin NATO. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, duka Jamus da Italiya sun ba da gudummawar jirage masu saukar ungulu na zamani da yawa ga Albaniya don tallafawa shirin zamani na zamani. Ana amfani da sabbin injinan ne don dalilai daban-daban, ciki har da jigilar kayayyaki da mutane, bincike da ceto, agajin bala'i, jirgin kasa, ilimi da horar da ma'aikatan jirgin helikwafta.

Italiya ta amince da jigilar jirage masu saukar ungulu goma sha huɗu kyauta da sojojin Italiya suka yi amfani da su a baya, waɗanda suka haɗa da 7 Agusta-Bell AB.205A-1 matsakaicin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki da 7 AB.206C-1 masu saukar ungulu masu ɗaukar nauyi masu yawa. Na farko na ƙarshe ya isa Albaniya a cikin Afrilu 2002. Kwafi uku na ƙarshe sun isa Albaniya a watan Nuwamba 2003, wanda ya ba da damar rubuta jirage masu saukar ungulu na Z-5 da ke sawa sosai. A cikin Afrilu 2004, AB.205A-1s na farko ya shiga su. A cikin Afrilu 2007, Italiya kuma ta ba da helikwafta na Agusta A.109C VIP (don maye gurbin Bell 222UT da ya ɓace).

A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2006, gwamnatocin Albaniya da Jamus sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta Euro miliyan 10 don samar da jirage masu saukar ungulu Bo-12M 105 masu haske da yawa da sojojin Jamus ke amfani da su a baya. Sa'an nan dukan goma sha biyu da aka inganta ta hanyar Eurocopter shuka a Donauwörth da kuma kawo zuwa ga misali version na Bo-105E4. Bo-105E4 na farko da aka haɓaka an kai shi ga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Albaniya a cikin Maris 2007. Gabaɗaya, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Albaniya ta karɓi jirage masu saukar ungulu na Bo-105E4 guda shida, an kuma aike da wasu huɗu zuwa ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida da na ƙarshe zuwa ma'aikatar lafiya. .

A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2009, an sanya hannu kan kwangilar Yuro miliyan 78,6 tare da Eurocopter don samar da jirage masu saukar ungulu na AS.532AL Cougar guda biyar don haɓaka ƙarfin aiki na tsarin rundunonin helikwafta. Biyu daga cikinsu an yi niyya ne don jigilar sojoji, daya don ceton fada, daya don kwashe magunguna, daya kuma na jigilar VIPs. Ya kamata a fara kawo karshen, amma ya yi hadari a ranar 25 ga Yuli 2012, inda ya kashe ma'aikatan Eurocopter shida da ke cikin jirgin. An kai sauran jirage masu saukar ungulu guda hudu. Na farko daga cikinsu, a cikin nau'in ceto, an mika shi ne a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2012. Mota ta ƙarshe, ta biyu don jigilar sojoji an haɗa ta ne a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2014.

Maimakon siyan wani helikofta AS.532AL Cougar don maye gurbin kwafin da ya fado don jigilar VIPs, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Albaniya ta ba da umarnin jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu EU-145 daga Eurocopter (da farko - a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2012 - injin farko na wannan nau'in. an saya a cikin sigar don jigilar VIPs) . An tsara su don bincike da ceto da ayyukan dawo da su kuma an buɗe su a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2015.

Babban abin da ya faru a cikin tarihin jirgin sama na Albaniya shine ƙaddamar da helikofta AS.532AL Cougar (hoton yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan inji yayin jigilar jigilar kaya zuwa mai amfani). Hoton Eurocopter

Rundunar Helicopter ta Albanian Air Force Helicopter Regiment tana tsaye a Farka Base kuma a halin yanzu tana da jirage masu saukar ungulu 22, ciki har da: 4 AS.532AL, 3 AB.205A-1, 6 Bo-105E4, 3 EC-145, 5 AB.206C-1 da 1 A. 109. An dade ana samar da rundunar yaki da jirage masu saukar ungulu 12, wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsare-tsare na jirgin saman sojan kasar Albaniya, amma a halin yanzu ba a dauki wannan aiki a matsayin fifiko ba. Musamman, an yi la'akari da sayen jiragen sama masu haske na MD.500 dauke da makamai masu linzami na TOW.

A shekara ta 2002, tare da taimakon Turkiyya, an fara zamanantar da tashar jiragen ruwa na Kutsova, sakamakon haka ya sami sabon hasumiya mai sarrafawa, gyara da ƙarfafa titin jirgin sama da taksi. Yana ba ku damar karɓar ko da irin wannan jirgin sama mai nauyi kamar C-17A Globemaster III da Il-76MD. A lokaci guda kuma, an yi gyare-gyaren jiragen sama guda huɗu Y-5 masu haske a wuraren gyaran jiragen sama da ke kan yankin Kutsov, jirgin Y-5 na farko da aka ƙera a shekarar 2006. Sun ƙyale jirgin saman soja na Albaniya ya yi hidimar sabis ɗin. dabi'un da ke da alaƙa da aikin jiragen sama, kuma ƙari, waɗannan injunan sun yi ayyukan sufuri da sadarwa na yau da kullun. A nan gaba, wannan ya kamata ya tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa sabbin abubuwan sufuri da aka siya, amma a cikin 2011 an yanke shawarar kiyaye jirgin Y-5, wanda aka jinkirta sayan sufuri na ɗan lokaci. A halin da ake ciki, ana la'akari da siyan jiragen jigilar jigilar G.222 na Italiya guda uku.

Tsakanin 2002 da 2005, Italiya ta aika da jirage masu saukar ungulu goma sha huɗu zuwa Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Albaniya, gami da haske mai yawa AB.206C-1 (hoton) da matsakaicin sufuri bakwai AB.205A-2.

A halin yanzu, sojojin saman Albaniya sun kasance inuwar tsohon jirgin saman sojan Albaniya. Rundunar Sojan Sama, wanda aka kirkira tare da babban taimako daga USSR, sannan kuma ya ci gaba da haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar PRC, ya zama babban ƙarfin yaƙi. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu an rage su sosai, an tarwatsa dukkan rundunonin jiragen yakin da aka dakatar da su a karshe. Yana da wuya sojojin saman Albaniya su sayi ƙarin jiragen yaki nan gaba kadan. Kasafin kuɗin da ake samu yana ba da damar kawai kiyaye sashin helikwafta. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2009, Albaniya ta zama memba na NATO, tare da cika dabarunta na inganta yanayin tsaro.

Tun lokacin da aka shiga kungiyar tsaro ta NATO, rundunar sojojin saman Italiya Eurofighter Typhoons ta yi amfani da ayyukan sa ido kan iska na Albaniya tare da mayakan Hellenic Air Force F-16. An fara aikin lura a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2009.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a ƙirƙiri tsarin tsaron iska na ƙasar Albaniya daga karce, wanda a baya an sanye shi da tsarin makamai masu linzami masu matsakaicin zango HQ-2 (kwafin tsarin hana jiragen sama na Soviet SA-75M Dina), HN-5. MANPADS (kwafin tsarin makami mai linzami na Soviet Strela-2M), wanda aka karɓa don sabis a cikin 37s) da bindigogin anti-jirgin 2-mm. Da farko, 75 asali Soviet batura SA-1959M "Dvina" aka saya, wanda aka samu daga Tarayyar Soviet a cikin 12, ciki har da baturi horo da kuma fama baturi. An karɓi wasu batura 2 HQ-XNUMX daga PRC a cikin XNUMXs. An shirya su ne zuwa gamayyar makami mai linzami na kakkabo jiragen sama.

Har ila yau, ana shirin maye gurbin na'urorin kula da sararin samaniyar Soviet da na kasar Sin da suka daina aiki da na'urorin kasashen yamma na zamani. An gudanar da sayen irin waɗannan radars, musamman, tare da Lockheed Martin.

Hotunan Sean Wilson/Prime

Haɗin kai: Jerzy Gruschinsky

Fassara: Michal Fischer