Jirgin ruwa da tsarin sojan ruwa a dandalin Sojan 2018
Export corvette na aikin PS-500.
Taron Sojoji, wanda aka shirya a Rasha tun daga 2014, da farko dama ce ta gabatar da kayan aiki ga sojojin ƙasa. Amma akwai baje kolin jiragen sama: ana iya ganin wasu daga cikin jirage masu saukar ungulu a babban wurin baje kolin a filin shakatawa na Patriot da ke kusa da birnin Moscow, ana baje kolin jiragen a filin jirgin sama na Kubinka makwabciyarta, da kuma sama da filin atisaye a Alabino. Gabatar da nasarori da shawarwari na masana'antar kera jiragen ruwa babbar matsala ce.
A bisa ka'ida, ana gudanar da nunin sojoji a wasu biranen Rasha, da kuma a St. Petersburg, Vladivostok da Severomorsk, wato, a sansanonin sojojin ruwa (Navy), amma "nauyin" na waɗannan nunin ya fi ƙasa da ƙasa. na babban taron. Duk da haka, an kuma gabatar da nasarorin da masana'antar kera jiragen ruwa ta samu a cikin manya-manyan dakunan taron na Patriot. A shekarar da ta gabata, an yi amfani da wani zauren daban mai tambarin ginin gine-gine - USC (Kamfanin Gine-ginen Jirgin Ruwa) don wannan. Ya gabatar da samfuran jiragen ruwa kawai, kuma an baje kolin wasu samfuran makamansu da kayan aikinsu a wasu tashoshi.
Jirgin ruwa na manyan azuzuwan
Don kare oda, bari mu fara da manufar manyan jiragen ruwa. Har yanzu sun nuna samfurin jigilar jirgin sama. A wannan lokacin zai zama "block multitasking block".
tare da gudun hijirar tan 44 kacal (na baya shine tan 000). Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin da ya gabata, canje-canjen suna da mahimmanci: an yi watsi da manyan gine-gine guda biyu masu kama da HMS Sarauniya Elizabeth, an sauƙaƙe jigogin jirgin sama, wanda kusan kusan daidai ne, kuma an shigar da "counterweight" na tudun saukarwa a cikin wani tsayin daka. matsayi don jirgin sama kusa da babban tsarin.
A cikin sigar aikin ɗaya, yana yiwuwa ma a mirgina jiragen sama a bayanka. Saboda haka, girman bene ba sabon abu bane - 304x78 m (a cikin jiki na baya - 330x42). Hangars za su ba da jiragen sama 46 da jirage masu saukar ungulu (a baya 65). Za a maye gurbin su da Su-33 (yanzu an cire su, don haka sabon jirgin ba shakka ba za a gani ba), MiG-29KR da Ka-27, amma a ƙarshe zai zama ɗan ƙaramin Su-57K da Ka-40. . Tambayar jirgin saman gano radar mai dogon zango ya kasance a bude, tun da a halin yanzu ba a kera su a Rasha ba. Haka kuma, hangen nesa na yin amfani da manyan motocin jirage marasa matuki ba zato ba tsammani a cikin mahallin rashin kwarewa da motocin homing na ƙasa masu girman irin wannan.
Ma'anar jigilar jirgin sama shine cikakken misali na haɗin kai na ayyukan ci gaba da aka yi a cikin bukatun abokan ciniki daban-daban. Duk da haka, abu mafi mahimmanci ga mai ɗaukar jiragen sama na Rasha na gaba ya bambanta: wannan shine shawara na St. Petersburg. Krylov, wato, cibiyar bincike. Ba a amince da shi da wasu sanannun ofisoshin ƙira ba, ko kuma ta kowane ɗayan manyan filayen jiragen ruwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin sha'awa na gaske (da kuɗi) daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta RF, irin wannan jirgi za a fara kera shi, sa'an nan kuma za a shirya hanyar sadarwa na masu haɗin gwiwa, sannan za a fara gini. Bugu da kari, babu wani daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Rasha a halin yanzu da ya iya gina irin wannan babban jirgin ruwa mai sarkakiya. Ana goyan bayan wannan ra'ayi, alal misali, ta hanyar ci gaba da matsalolin sabbin tsararraki na ƙananan ƙanƙara masu amfani da makamashin nukiliya. Don haka, za a buƙaci zuba jari mai yawa da ƙwazo a cikin ababen more rayuwa don fara gine-gine. An fara gina wani babban busasshen busasshen ruwa (480 × 114 m) a tashar jirgin ruwa na Zvezda (Bolshoy Kamen, yankin Primorsky a Gabas mai Nisa), amma a hukumance yakamata yayi aiki na musamman ga ma'aikatan mai. Don haka idan an yanke shawarar ginawa a yau, to jirgin zai shiga aiki a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu ko biyu, kuma ba zai canza ma'aunin wutar lantarki a cikin teku kadai ba.
Tunani na biyu ya fito daga tushe guda, watau. Kryłów babban mai lalata aikin 23560 Lider ne, mai suna Szkwał wannan shekara. Har ila yau, a cikin nasa, za a iya maimaita duk abubuwan da aka ajiye game da jigilar jiragen sama da aka ambata, tare da bambanci kawai shi ne cewa za a iya gina jirgi mai girman wannan ta hanyar amfani da karfin ginin jirgi. Koyaya, raka'a na wannan aji dole ne a samar da tarin yawa - idan WMF yana son aƙalla sake ƙirƙirar yuwuwar Soviet na ƙarshen 80s, aƙalla dozin daga cikinsu dole ne a gina. By
a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa na yau, zai ɗauki kimanin shekaru 100, wanda ya sa dukan shirin ya zama banza. Jirgin zai kasance mai girma (matsuwa 18 ton, tsawon 000 m) - sau biyu girma kamar yadda Soviet halakar da 200 Sarych aikin, har ma fiye da cruisers na 956 Atlant aikin. Silhouette ɗin sa zai yi kama da manyan jiragen ruwa na nukiliya na aikin Orlan na 1164. Har ila yau, wurin da makaman zai kasance kamar haka, amma yawan makamai masu linzami da aka shirya don amfani da su zai fi girma: 1144 makami mai linzami da makamai masu linzami 70 da 20 a kan 128. Tabbas, jirgin da aka yi nufin fitarwa zai sami na al'ada propulsion tsarin, da kuma na Rasha version, a nukiliya daya (wanda zai kara tsawo yi yuwuwar lokacin yi da kuma kara da farashin).
Abin sha'awa shine, ɗaya daga cikin rumfunan ya ƙunshi ƙirar (marasa taken) don jirgin ruwa mai girma iri ɗaya, amma tare da kyan gani mai ƙarfi. Nasa ne na Soviet model na 80s, misali, 1165 da kuma 1293 - yana da in mun gwada da kananan da kuma "tsabta" superstructures da kuma iko baturi na roka harba sanya a tsaye a cikin kwalkwali.
Wani ra'ayi kuma shi ne jirgin Mistral na Rasha, wato, jirgin ruwan Priboy mai gudun hijirar tan 23. Zai dauki jiragen ruwa 000 masu iya daukar nauyin tan 6, jirgin sauka 45, jirage masu saukar ungulu 6, tankoki 12, masu jigilar kayayyaki 10 da kuma har zuwa 50. sojojin sauka. Zane-zane da kayan aikin sa zai zama mafi sauƙi fiye da na Jagora, amma jiragen ruwa na WMF na wannan ajin ba su da mahimmanci a yanzu kamar yadda Mistrals na Faransa suka kasance a 'yan shekarun da suka wuce. Idan an ƙaddamar da cikakken shirin faɗaɗa jiragen ruwa na dogon lokaci kuma mai tsada sosai, aikin saukar da wannan girman ba zai zama fifiko ba. Madadin haka, 'yan Rasha sun riga sun gwada wasu nau'ikan jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci a matsayin rukunin kayan aikin amphibious, kamar yadda aka tabbatar, alal misali, ta hanyar manyan hanyoyin Vostok-900. Duk da haka, har yanzu an bayyana a hukumance cewa ya kamata tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arewa ta St.
Bayar da OSK har yanzu ya haɗa da manyan jiragen ruwa, masu ruguzawa da jiragen ruwa dangane da ƙirar Soviet daga shekarun 80s, damar samun masu siyan ƙasashen waje a gare su ba kome ba ne, kuma WMF ta fi son saka hannun jari a cikin ƙarin naúrar zamani. Wata hanya ko wata, ci gaba da samar da su ta fuskar asarar masu haɗin gwiwa da yawa daga zamanin Soviet ba zai zama mai sauƙi ko arha ba. Duk da haka, waɗannan shawarwarin sun cancanci ma a ambata. The Project 21956 halaka daga Severnovo nasa ne na Project 956 cikin sharuddan GDP, yana da irin wannan gudun hijira - 7700 ton a kan 7900 ton 54. Duk da haka, ya kamata a kora da gas turbin raka'a tare da ikon 000 kW, kuma ba turbines, da makamai. kusan kusan iri ɗaya ne, ma'aunin bindiga kawai 130mm zai zama ganga guda ɗaya, ba mai ganga biyu ba. Project 11541 "Corsair" tare da gudun hijira na 4500 ton daga Zelonodolsk wani bambance-bambancen na aikin 11540 "Yastrib" tare da modular makamai. An ba da shawarar jiragen ruwa na ayyukan biyu na shekaru - ba tare da nasara ba.
