Ƙarshen Ƙarshe Ga Babban Tsohon Soja

Ƙarshen Ƙarshe Ga Babban Tsohon Soja

A safiyar ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1944, Jamusawa sun sami babban nasara na ƙarshe a cikin fadace-fadacen da ke cikin tekun Bahar Rum tare da sojojin ruwa na Royal, lokacin da jirgin ruwa mai suna U 35 ya nutse da HMS Penelope tare da wani mummunan hari mai ƙarfi a nisan mil 410 daga Naples. Wannan wata asara ce da ba za a iya gyarawa ba ga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Sarauta, domin tarkacen jirgin ya kasance wani gagarumin tsari, wanda a baya aka san shi da shiga cikin kamfen da dama, musamman a cikin tekun Bahar Rum. Ma'aikatan jirgin na Penelope a baya sun sami nasarori masu yawa a cikin ayyuka masu haɗari da yaƙe-yaƙe da abokan gaba. Jirgin na Burtaniya ya kasance sananne ga ma'aikatan ruwa na Poland kuma saboda wasu masu lalata da jiragen ruwa na yakin WWII sun shiga tare da shi a wasu ayyukan yaki ko kuma tsaron kai tsaye na Malta.

Haihuwar jirgi

Tarihin wannan fitaccen jirgin na Burtaniya ya fara ne a tashar jirgin ruwa na Harland & Wolff a Belfast (Arewacin Ireland), lokacin da aka aza keel a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1934 don gina shi. An kaddamar da jirgin Penelope a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1935, kuma ta shiga aiki a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba. , 1936. Aiki tare da Royal Navy Fleet Commands, yana da lambar dabara 97.

Jirgin ruwa mai haske HMS Penelope shi ne jirgin ruwan yaki na Aretusa na uku da aka gina. An shirya adadin da ya fi girma na waɗannan raka'a (akalla 5), ​​amma an yi watsi da wannan don tallafawa masu ƙarfi da manyan jiragen ruwa na Southampton, waɗanda daga baya za a haɓaka a matsayin "amsa" na Biritaniya ga Japan-gina dauke da makamai. da bindigogi 15 fiye da inci shida) Mogami-class cruisers. Sakamakon ya kasance ƙarami 4 kawai amma tabbas masu ruwa da tsaki na Burtaniya sun yi nasara (mai suna Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope da Aurora).

An yi amfani da jiragen ruwa masu haske na Aretuza-class da aka gina a cikin 1932 (mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da waɗanda aka riga aka gina Leander-class light cruisers tare da ƙaura kusan tan 7000 da manyan makamai a cikin nau'ikan bindigogi 8 152-mm) don amfani da su don adadi mai mahimmanci. ayyuka a nan gaba. An yi nufin su maye gurbin jiragen ruwa na W da D type C da D na yakin duniya na farko. Ƙarshen yana da ƙaura na ton 4000-5000. Da zarar an gina su a matsayin "masu lalata-masu lalata", ko da yake wannan aikin yana da matukar matsala ta rashin isasshen gudu, wanda bai wuce 30 knots. fiye da maneuverable fiye da manyan Royal Cruisers. Rundunar a cikin ayyukan manyan ƙungiyoyin jiragen ruwa dole ne su magance masu lalata abokan gaba, kuma a lokaci guda suna jagorantar ƙungiyoyin masu lalata a lokacin fadace-fadace. Sun kuma fi dacewa da ayyukan leƙen asiri a matsayin jiragen ruwa, waɗanda suka fi ƙanƙanta kuma don haka ya fi wuya a gano ta jiragen ruwa na abokan gaba.

Sabbin raka'a na iya zama da amfani ta wasu hanyoyi kuma. Birtaniya sun yi tsammanin cewa idan aka yi yaki da Reich na Uku a nan gaba, Jamusawa za su sake amfani da jiragen ruwa masu rufe fuska a yakin da ke kan teku. An yi la'akari da jiragen ruwa na Arethus sun dace da na musamman don magance jiragen ruwa na taimakon abokan gaba, masu fasa shinge, da jiragen ruwa. Yayin da manyan makamai na waɗannan rukunin Birtaniyya, bindigogi 6 152 mm, da alama ba su da ƙarfi fiye da jiragen ruwa na Jamus (kuma galibi suna ɗauke da makamai iri ɗaya na bindigogin inci shida), mafi girman bindigogi akan jiragen ruwa da aka rufe galibi ana samun su. ta yadda a gefe guda, bindigogi 4 ne kawai za su iya yin harbi, kuma hakan na iya baiwa Birtaniyya damar yin karo da su. Amma kwamandojin jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya dole ne su tuna don daidaita irin wannan yaƙin idan zai yiwu kuma zai fi dacewa da jirgin ruwansu, suna gyara wutar daga iska. Ayyukan jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya a cikin Tekun Atlantika a cikin wannan damar kuma na iya fallasa su ga hare-haren jiragen ruwa na U-kwale, kodayake irin wannan hatsarin ya kasance koyaushe a cikin ayyukan da aka tsara a cikin Bahar Rum, inda galibi ana nufin amfani da su a ayyukan yaƙi na Royal Navy. umarni.

Matsar da cruiser "Penelope" shi ne misali 5270 ton, total 6715 ton, girma 154,33 x 15,56 x 5,1 m. A gudun hijira ne 20-150 ton kasa da shirin da ayyukan. An yi amfani da wannan ne don ƙarfafa kariyar jiragen ruwa da kuma maye gurbin bindigogi guda huɗu da aka tsara tun farko. caliber 200 mm don biyu. Wannan ya kamata ya kasance yana da mahimmanci a cikin ƙarin ayyukan jiragen ruwa na irin wannan a cikin Bahar Rum a lokacin yakin, tun da yake a cikin lokaci mafi wahala na yakin (musamman a cikin 102-1941) an yi yaƙe-yaƙe tare da manyan jiragen ruwa na Jamus da Italiya. Ƙananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in Aretusa suna nufin cewa jirgin ruwa ɗaya ne kawai, kuma katafat ɗin da aka shigar ya kasance tsayin mita 1942 kuma ya fi guntu mita biyu akan manyan Leanders. Idan aka kwatanta da su, Penelope (da sauran tagwaye uku) suma suna da turret guda ɗaya da bindigogin 14-mm guda biyu a baya, yayin da "manyan 'yan uwansu" suna da biyu. A nesa (kuma a wani m kwana zuwa baka), silhouette mai ton biyu na jirgin ruwa ya yi kama da nau'in nau'in Leander / Perth, kodayake ƙwanƙarar Penelope ya fi guntu kusan 152 m.

Babban makamai na jirgin ruwa ya ƙunshi bindigogi 6-mm Mk XXIII (a cikin tagwayen Mk XXI uku). Matsakaicin kewayon projectiles na wadannan bindigu ya kasance 152 23 m, kusurwar girman ganga ya kasance 300 °, yawan mashin ɗin ya kasance kilogiram 60, ƙarfin harsashi ya kai 50,8 zagaye da bindiga. A cikin minti daya, jirgin zai iya harba volleys 200-6 daga waɗannan bindigogi.

Bugu da ƙari, an shigar da bindigogi 8 na duniya 102-mm Mk XVI a cikin naúrar (a cikin 4 shigarwa Mk XIX). Da farko dai, an yi amfani da makaman kakkabo jiragen sama guda 8. caliber 12,7 mm Vickers (2xIV). Sun kasance a cikin jirgin ruwa har zuwa 1941, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da wasu bindigogi masu saukar ungulu na zamani. Oerlikon 20mm za a tattauna daga baya.

Jirgin yana da ma'aunin sarrafa wuta daban-daban guda biyu; ga manyan bindigogi da kuma na kakkabo jiragen sama.

An shigar da shigarwa tare da 6 533 mm PR Mk IV torpedo tubes don Mk IX (2xIII) torpedoes.

Motar leken asiri daya tilo da Penelope ke sanye da ita ita ce jirgin ruwa na Fairey Seafox (a kan katafat mai tsayin mita 14 da aka ambata a sama). Daga baya an yi watsi da jirgin a cikin 1940.

don haɓaka jirgin AA.