Gilashin motar mota shine mafi mahimmancin halayen mota. Cikakkun bayanai.

Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafar mota na ɗaya daga cikin ma'auni mai girman girman mota. Ɗauki kowane samfurin, misali Chevrolet Niva, kuma a cikin bayanin za ku ga:

• tsawon - 4048 mm;
• nisa - 1800 mm;
• tsawo - 1680 mm;
• yarda - 220 mm;
• keken guragu - 2450 mm.

Muhimman halaye kuma sune waƙa ta gaba, waƙar baya, nauyi, nauyin abin hawa cikakke.

Ma'anar ma'anar wheelbase ita ce tazarar da ke tsakanin gaban axles na mota, ko kuma nisa tsakanin tsakiyar wuraren gaba da na baya.

Dangane da wannan ma'anar, ana iya bambanta motocin da ke da gajere ko tsayi mai tsayi. A bayyane yake cewa ƙananan hatchbacks na aji A ko B suna da ɗan gajeren ƙafar ƙafa, yayin da manyan motocin E ke da tsayin ƙafar ƙafa:

• Daewoo Matiz aji A - 2340 mm;
• Chevrolet Aveo class B - 2480 mm;
• Toyota Corolla C-class - 2600 mm;
• Skoda Superb D-class - 2803 mm;
• BMW 5-Series E-class - 2888 mm.

Mafi guntu ƙafar ƙafa zuwa yau yana da Smart Fortwo kujeru biyu - sama da milimita 1800 kawai. Mafi tsayi ita ce motar daukar kaya ta Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab - milimita 4379, wato sama da mita hudu.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin tarihi akwai motoci da ko da ya fi girma ko karami wheelbase, amma an yi su a cikin iyaka yawa, ko ma a cikin guda kofe.

Dole ne kuma a faɗi cewa, dangane da nau'in dakatarwa, tsayin ƙafar ƙafar na iya zama na dindindin kuma mai canzawa. Alal misali, a cikin 60-70s, trailing hannu dakatar ya shahara sosai, yawanci ana shigar da shi a kan gatari na baya kuma ƙafafun na baya na iya motsawa zuwa jiki a cikin jirgin sama mai tsayi, ta haka canza lissafi na wheelbase. Ana iya samun irin wannan dakatarwa akan motocin kasuwanci da yawa, kamar Volkswagen Multivan.

Haka kuma akwai nau’o’in da ba su da daidaito a tarihin masana’antar kera motoci, wato tazarar da ke tsakanin cibiyoyin ƙafafun a gefen dama ya bambanta da nisan gefen hagu. Misali mafi ban mamaki shine Renault 16, wanda aka samar daga 1965 zuwa 1980. Bambanci a wheelbase hagu da dama shine 64 millimeters. Da farko, wannan mota da aka ko da dauke a matsayin tushen ga nan gaba Vaz 2101, ko da yake da management na Volga Automobile Shuka ya zabi Fiat 124, daidai kwafin wanda mu zamani Kopeika.

Ta yaya girman wheelbase ke shafar aikin tuƙi?

Akwai ingantattun ɓangarorin biyu masu tsayi da gajere.

Dogon wheelbase

Tsarin irin waɗannan motoci yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi dacewa ga fasinjoji. Kamar yadda muke iya gani daga lissafin da ke sama, an rarraba motocin manyan azuzuwan a matsayin kasuwanci da zartarwa. Fasinjoji na baya na iya zama cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin kujerunsu ba tare da taɓa bayansu da gwiwoyi ba.

Halayen tuki na irin waɗannan motoci suna da santsi, rashin daidaituwar yanayin hanya ba a ji sosai ba. Saboda ƙananan rarraba nauyin nauyi, irin waɗannan motoci sun fi kwanciyar hankali a kan hanya, suna nuna mafi kyawun haɓaka yayin haɓakawa. Lokacin yin kusurwa, suna raguwa kaɗan.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa motoci da dogon wheelbase, a matsayin mai mulkin, su ne gaba-dabaran tuƙi, tun da babu bukatar daukar wani dogon cardan shaft zuwa raya axle, wanda ba makawa zai haifar da wani karuwa a nauyi da kuma ragewa. cikin jin dadi. Bugu da kari, motocin tuƙi na baya sun fi wahalar kiyayewa.

Gajeren wheelbase

Amfanin irin waɗannan motocin sun haɗa da:

• ingantacciyar kulawa da motsi a cikin birni;
• sun ƙara ƙarfin ƙetare - kusurwar ramp da kusurwar shigarwa sun fi girma;
• sun fi sauƙi don fita daga skid;
• a high gudun mafi barga da sarrafawa.

Lalle ne, idan muka dubi kusan duk SUVs, SAVs, CUVs - wato, birane crossovers, SUVs, kazalika da SUVs na zuwa J-class bisa ga Turai rarrabuwa, za mu ga cewa suna da mafi kyau duka rabo daga wheelbase da kuma tsayin jiki gabaɗaya. Wannan tsari ne wanda ke nuna kasancewar kowane nau'in tuƙi: gaba, baya, tuƙi.

Saboda da high kasa yarda, da rashi manyan gaba da kuma raya overhangs, in mun gwada da short wheelbase da fadi da hanya, SUVs da crossovers iya sauƙi fitar da duka biyu a kan mugayen hanyoyi na birni (kuma akwai isa daga gare su a cikin sararin expanses na Rasha). ya isa ya kau da kai daga babbar hanyar tarayya), haka kuma haske a kashe hanya.

Ba asiri ba ne ga ƙwararrun direbobi cewa wakilin Toyota Camry tare da gindin 2800 mm zai zauna a cikinsa a kan tudu mafi sauƙi, wanda har ma da Lifan X60 ko Geely MK Cross na kasar Sin za su yi tafiya cikin sauƙi.

Duk da haka, kana bukatar ka fahimci cewa kasancewar guntun guntun gajere ko tsayi har yanzu ba ya nufin wani abu, tunda halayen tuki na takamaiman ƙirar sun dogara da wasu sigogi da yawa:

• Rabo na wheelbase da jimlar tsawon jiki:
• hanya ta gaba da ta baya;
• kasa yarda.

Misali, motocin da ke da faffadan hanya sun fi karko a kan hanya, suna shiga da fita juyi masu wahala cikin sauki, yayin da ta'aziyyar fasinja ke shan wahala kadan. Amma komai yana da iyakarsa - idan an ƙara nisa tsakanin ƙafafun hagu da dama zuwa wani ƙima, to za a iya kawo ƙarshen ta'aziyya ko kwanciyar hankali - motar za ta fi shiga cikin skid lokacin da gefen hagu ko dama ya buga wani abu. yankin dusar ƙanƙara ko ƙanƙara. Ko da kawai ka fita daga gefen dama na hanya yayin motsa jiki, to akwai yuwuwar kasancewa a cikin rami sosai.

A haƙiƙa, injiniyoyin kera motoci sun daɗe suna ƙayyadad'a mafi kyawun rabo na faɗin waƙa da tsayin ƙafafu.

Idan ka ɗauki kowace mota, za ka ga cewa ita ce 1,6-1,8. Alal misali, VAZ 2101 - tushe 2424 mm raba ta gaba waƙa 1349, muna samun 1,79. Wannan rabo ne ke ba da mafi kyawun sarrafawa. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa irin wannan rabo ya ta'allaka ne a cikin "Sashe na Zinariya" - rabo kamar 5/3, 8/5, 13/8 da sauransu - kuma duk wannan ba wani ne ya ƙirƙira ba sai Leonardo da Vinci. Maimakon haka, bai ƙirƙira ta ba, amma ya tsara ta, tun da an yi amfani da wannan ka'ida tun kafin shi a gine-gine da fasaha.

Lura cewa rabo daga cikin jimlar tsawon mota da wheelbase ne a cikin lita - alal misali, a cikin halaye na motoci da yawa sun rubuta wannan:

Acura TLX 2015:

• tsayi 4834;
• wheelbase 2776;
• tsawon zuwa tushe rabo na 1,74 lita.

Kamar yadda kake gani, wannan darajar kuma ta fada cikin Sashin Zinare na Leonardo da Vinci. A bayyane yake cewa motar ta fi dacewa kuma mafi aminci fiye da duk waɗannan dabi'u suna kusa da manufa.

Ana lodawa…