Karel Dorman shine kadai
Wani jirgin ruwan LCF na Tromp-class yana ƙara mai a Porter. Abin lura shine babban filin jirgin sama, PAC masts, cranes, matasan gefen kankara, aikin saukar da jirgin sama da aikin ceto. Yawancin tsarin lantarki sun kasance a tsakiya a kan hadedde mast. Hotunan Koninkleike Marine
Masu karatu masu sha'awar jiragen ruwa na zamani sun lura da cewa sassan samar da kayayyaki da sufuri, ko fiye da haka, na'urorin dabaru, sune muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin jiragen ruwa na duniya. Ƙarawa, waɗannan manyan jiragen ruwa ne masu girma da yawa, suna haɗuwa a cikin zane-zanen siffofi na nau'o'in nau'o'i da yawa na tsofaffi. Wannan shi ne sakamakon tanadin da ake bukata a cikin makamai, da kuma sauyin da ake yi a tsakiyar ayyukan ruwa daga teku zuwa tekun bakin teku daga yankuna masu nisa na duniya.
A cikin Oktoba 2005, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Hague ta buga Marinestudie 2005 (farar takarda), wanda ya kasance kunshin shawarwari don abun da ke ciki na sojojin ruwa da canji a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, dauke da ra'ayoyin game da raka'a mafi dacewa da dogon lokaci. manufa. An yanke shawarar, musamman, don yin watsi da ƙananan jiragen ruwa na M-type da aka gina don bukatun yakin cacar-baki (an tsira da zamani biyu). Kudin su ya ba da izinin siyarwa da sauri a ƙasashen waje (Chile, Portugal, Belgium). Wurin da aka bari a cikin sahu za a ɗauka ne da jiragen sintiri guda huɗu masu zuwa teku irin na Holland. Bugu da ƙari, an yanke shawara don gina Jirgin Ruwa na Haɗin Kai (JSS), "Jirgin Ƙirar Ƙira".
Halin rigima
Hukumar samar da tsaro (Defensie Materieel Organisatie - DMO) ce ta tsara zato ga JSS. A sakamakon binciken, an mayar da hankali kan sababbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi daga teku da kuma karuwar bukatar yin aiki a cikin ruwan "launin ruwan kasa". Ya bayyana cewa, da yawa daga cikin raka'a suna aiki a kusa da bakin tekun, suna tallafawa ayyukan a kai, har zuwa haɓaka ayyukan cikin gida. Wannan yana nufin ba kawai buƙatar jigilar sojoji da kayan aiki ba, har ma da yiwuwar ba da tallafin kayan aiki daga teku a farkon matakin aikin sojojin ƙasa. A lokaci guda kuma, an jawo hankali ga buƙatar maye gurbin tsohon jirgin ruwa na ZrMs Zuiderkruis (A 832, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Fabrairu 2012). Sha'awar iyakance farashi ya kai ga yanke shawarar tattara albarkatun don warware waɗannan ayyuka - masu ɗan rikitarwa - ayyuka akan dandamali guda. Don haka, ayyukan JSS sun haɗa da manyan abubuwa guda uku: dabarun sufuri, da cikar tankunan ruwa da ƙwararrun jiragen ruwa a teku, da tallafawa ayyukan yaƙi a bakin teku. Wannan ya buƙaci ƙirƙirar naúrar da za ta iya adanawa, jigilar kaya, ɗaukar kaya da saukar da kayayyaki, man fetur, harsashi da kayan aiki (a cikin teku da kuma a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa tare da abubuwan more rayuwa daban-daban), samar da ayyukan iska ta amfani da manyan jirage masu saukar ungulu na sufuri, kuma an sanye su da magunguna, fasaha. da kayan aiki, da kuma ƙarin wurin kwana ga ma'aikata (dangane da yanayin aikin) ko sojoji ko farar hula da aka kora. Na ƙarshe ya kasance sakamakon ƙarin buƙatun don shiga cikin ayyukan jin kai da fitar da mutane. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, manufar "ayyukan bil'adama", wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin abu a gare mu, ya zama aikin farko na sabon jirgin kuma kafin fara sabis!
An kammala aikin don ayyana DMO a cikin 2004, tuni kuma tare da taimakon ofishin Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding (DSNS) a Vlissingen, ɗan kwangila na gaba na rukunin. Suna buƙatar tsarin sassaucin ra'ayi game da batun da kuma samun damar yin amfani da kuɗi akai-akai da gyare-gyare na fasaha, da kuma daidaitawa na ka'idoji guda uku da aka ambata a sama dangane da taro, girma da wuri na sassan mutum na tsarin jirgin. Bugu da kari, dole ne a cika ƙwaƙƙwaran aminci da buƙatun muhalli. Duk wannan ya rinjayi bayyanar ƙarshe na naúrar, wanda shine sakamakon daidaitawa da buƙatar ɗaukar nauyin man fetur da ya dace, tsawon layin kaya, wurin saukowa, girman rataye da ro-ro deck, da dai sauransu. Rabewar ma'ajiyar harsasai daga kwantena da ruwa mai ƙonewa. Wannan hanyar da aka tsara na ƙirar ciki na jirgin, bi da bi, ya rinjayi wasu muhimman yanke shawara - da farko akan hanyoyin sufuri. Kamata ya yi su kasance gajeru gwargwadon iko kuma suna da alaƙa da kyau da wurin da kayan aikin sarrafa kaya a cikin jirgin suke, da kuma samun damar shiga jiragen ruwa da jirage masu saukar ungulu. Matsala ta daban da ke buƙatar magance ita ce canjin buƙatun don juriya mai tasiri, ambaliyar ruwa da sa hannu na sauti na ɗakin injin da kayan aikin jirgi.
A cikin watan Yunin 2006, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar ta amince da shirin, an fara aiwatar da wasu ayyuka na ra'ayi. Daga nan aka yi hasashen cewa JSS za ta shiga tsarin a shekarar 2012, ana zaton hakan
cewa za a gudanar da aikin sintiri na kasar Holland da na JSS a layi daya. Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun damar samun kuɗin tallafin su ya haifar da alamar fifiko - jiragen ruwa na sintiri. Wannan ya haifar da hutu na kusan shekaru biyu a cikin shirin, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don ƙara inganta farashi da kuma samarwa.
A ƙarshen kwata na farko na 2008, DMO ta tsara abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin JSS kuma nan da nan ya tuntuɓi DSNS tare da buƙatar ambato. Dole ne a yi sulhu don kiyaye farashin naúrar a matakin Yuro miliyan 2005 da Majalisar ta amince da shi a cikin 265, duk da girmansa da rikitarwa. Hane-hane da aka ɗauka sun haɗa da: rage iyakar gudu daga 20 zuwa 18 knots, cire ɗaya daga cikin cranes mai nauyin tonne 40, rage girman tsarin zuwa matakin da aka tsara don ɗakunan masauki, rage tsayin rataye, ko kawar da incinerator.
Duk da waɗannan gyare-gyare, tsarin gaba ɗaya na rukunin bai sami manyan canje-canje ba tun lokacin da aka fara aikin ƙira. Bukatar yin aiki a yankuna daban-daban na duniya da kuma damar jigilar kayayyaki da yawa sun tilasta yin amfani da babban jiki. Yana da wuya a haɗa wannan tare da ikon yin aiki a cikin ruwa mai zurfi a kusa da gabar tekun da ba a yi amfani da shi ba, saboda haka, wannan fasalin ba a buƙatar shi ko kaɗan. Ana maye gurbinsa da kyau da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ko jirgin saukar jirgi. Ayyukan su a kan manyan tekuna suna sauƙaƙe ta hanyar manyan, barga "hanyoyi". Silhouette dinsa ya fi tasiri da girma da wurin da jirgin ke da shi, wanda ya faru ne saboda bukatar yin aiki da jiragen sama masu nauyi na Boeing CH-47F Chinook guda biyu a lokaci guda. Yin amfani da waɗannan na'urori kuma ya ƙayyade girman da wurin da aka rataya - tun da ba su da nadawa na rotor, ya zama dole a sanya shi a wurin saukarwa kuma a yi amfani da manyan ƙofofi. Tun asali an yi niyya tsayinsa don ba da damar maye gurbin manyan kayan aiki, amma kamar yadda aka ambata, an yi watsi da shi daga ƙarshe. Maimakon Chinooks, hangar za ta gina ƙananan NH90s guda shida tare da naɗe-nayen rotor. Ya kamata jirage masu saukar ungulu su zama muhimmiyar hanyar jigilar ma'aikata cikin sauri da sassan kaya.
Daki mai mahimmanci na biyu na jirgin dangane da dabarun sufuri shine bene na kaya don tireloli (ro-ro). Yana da wani yanki na 1730 m2 kuma yana da layin kaya mai tsayi na 617 m don hayar kaya, amma ba kawai. Wannan yanki ne mai sassauƙa na ƙwanƙwasa, tsayin mita 6, inda kuma ana iya adana kwantena da pallets. Jirgin ro-ro yana da alaƙa da wurin saukarwa ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyin ton 40, wanda aka tsara dandamalin don ɗaukar Chinook, amma tare da na'urar rotor da aka tarwatsa. Godiya ga wannan, ana iya cika mashin jirgin da motoci ko kaya a cikin daidaitattun fakiti, wanda tare da yankin rataye yana ba da ƙarin 1300 m na layin kaya. Samun damar zuwa bene na ro-ro daga waje ana ba da shi ta hanyar hawan ruwa mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin ɗagawa na ton 100, wanda yake a cikin allon tauraro bayan kusurwar kwandon.
Wani muhimmin mataki a cikin sarkar sufuri shine jigilar kaya mafi nauyi a cikin teku zuwa kan jiragen ruwa ko wuraren shakatawa na pontoon. Mafi kyawun mafita shine amfani da rami a ƙarshen jirgin. Duk da haka, wannan zai rikitar da ƙira na shigarwa da kuma ƙara yawan farashin ginin. Sabili da haka, an yi amfani da ɗan gajeren ramp ɗin baya, lokacin da yake gabatowa wanda jirgin zai iya ɗan nutsewa cikin wurin hutawa a cikin kwandon kuma, ya bar nasa bakan, ɗauki kaya (misali, abin hawa) kai tsaye daga tudun ro-ro. An tsara wannan tsarin don yin aiki tare da raƙuman ruwa har zuwa maki 3. Bugu da kari, jirgin yana da manyan jiragen ruwa guda biyu masu saurin sauka da aka dakatar a kan na'urori masu juyawa.
A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2009, DMO ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da DSNS wanda ya kirkiro JSS guda ɗaya. Ginin ZrMs Karel Doorman (A 833) an yi shi ne a Damen Shipyards a Galati.
in Romanian Galac a kan Danube. An ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2011. An ƙaddamar da jirgin da ba a kammala ba a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2012 kuma ya ja shi zuwa Vlissingen, inda ya isa a watan Agusta 2013. A can aka shirya da kuma shirya don gwaji. A cikin Satumba 2013, MoD ta sanar da cewa, saboda dalilai na kuɗi, za a sanya JSS don siyarwa bayan an kammala ginin. Abin farin ciki, wannan "barazana" ba a gane ba. An yi bikin baftisma na rukunin a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2014, ta hannun Sakatariyar Tsaro ta lokacin Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert. Koyaya, Doorman ya kasa shiga sabis kuma ya kammala ƙarin gwajin teku kamar yadda aka tsara, kuma wannan ba saboda matsalolin fasaha bane.
