Cardan shaft: abin da yake da shi?
Watsawar motar tana yin aiki mai mahimmanci - yana watsa jujjuyawar crankshaft zuwa ƙafafun.
Babban abubuwan watsawa:
- kama - mun yi magana game da shi akan Vodi.su, yana haɗawa da cire haɗin gearbox da crankshaft flywheel;
- gearbox - yana ba ku damar canza juzu'in juzu'i na crankshaft zuwa wani yanayin tuki;
- cardan ko cardan gear - ana amfani da su akan motoci tare da baya ko duk abin hawa, yana aiki don canja wurin motsi zuwa ga tuƙi;
- bambanci - rarraba lokacin motsi tsakanin ƙafafun motar;
- gearbox - don ƙara ko rage karfin juyi, yana ba da saurin angular akai-akai.
Idan muka ɗauki akwati na hannu na yau da kullun, za mu ga shafts uku a cikin abun da ke ciki:
- na farko ko jagora - yana haɗa akwatin gear zuwa ƙugiya ta hanyar kama;
- na biyu - an haɗa shi da ƙarfi zuwa cardan, shi ne wanda aka tsara don canja wurin juzu'i zuwa cardan, kuma daga gare ta riga zuwa ƙafafun motar;
- tsaka-tsaki - yana canja wurin jujjuyawa daga rafin farko zuwa na biyu.
Manufar tuƙi
Duk direban da ya tuka motan baya ko mai tuƙi, da ma fiye da haka a kan GAZon ko ZIL-130, sai ya ga mashin ɗin cardan - dogon bututu mai raɗaɗi wanda ya ƙunshi sassa biyu - mai tsayi da gajere. an haɗa su da juna ta hanyar tallafi na tsaka-tsaki da gicciye, samar da hinge. A gaba da baya na cardan, zaku iya ganin flanges don haɗin kai mai tsauri tare da axle na baya da mashin fitarwa da ke fitowa daga akwatin gear.
Babban aikin cardan ba wai kawai don canja wurin juyawa daga akwatin gear zuwa akwatin gear na baya ba, har ma don tabbatar da cewa ana watsa wannan aikin tare da daidaitawar sassan sassan sassa, ko, a cikin harshe mai sauƙi, haɗin kai mai tsauri. an ba da ƙafafun tuƙi tare da maɓallin fitarwa na akwatin gear, yayin da ba ya hana motsi mai zaman kansa na ƙafafun da dakatarwa dangane da jiki.
Har ila yau, na'urar motar tana da irin wannan, musamman ma game da manyan motoci, cewa akwatin yana samuwa mafi girma dangane da saman sama fiye da na baya. Saboda haka, wajibi ne don watsa lokacin motsi a wani kusurwa, kuma godiya ga na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita na cardan, wannan yana yiwuwa. Bugu da ƙari, yayin tuki, ƙirar motar na iya zama ɗan lalacewa - a zahiri ta millimeters, amma na'urar cardan tana ba ku damar yin watsi da waɗannan ƙananan canje-canje.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a ce cewa an yi amfani da kayan aiki na cardan ba kawai a cikin kullun da kuma na baya ba, an kuma shigar da shi a kan masu tayar da baya. Gaskiya ne, a nan an kira shi daban - SHRUS - hinges na daidaitattun saurin kusurwa. Abubuwan haɗin CV suna haɗa nau'in akwatin gear zuwa ga cibiyoyin dabaran gaba.
Gabaɗaya magana, ana amfani da ƙa'idar watsa cardan don wasu dalilai:
- kasa da babba tuƙi;
- don haɗa akwatin haɗin gwiwa tare da akwatin akwatin axle - a kan motocin kashe-kashe tare da toshe duk abin hawa, kamar UAZ-469;
- don kashe wutar injuna - ana amfani da mashin cire wutar lantarki da ke fitowa daga akwatin tarakta don kunna kayan aikin noma daban-daban ta hanyar cardan, misali, masu tono dankalin turawa ko masu shuka, faifan diski, masu shuka iri, da sauransu.
Na'urar
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata a sama, katako na cardan ya ƙunshi bututu biyu mara kyau waɗanda aka bayyana tare da haɗin gwiwar swivel. A cikin ɓangaren gaba akwai abin nadi mai katsewa wanda ke aiki tare da mashin fitarwa na gearbox ta hanyar adaftar.
A mahaɗin sassan biyu na cardan, kowannensu yana da cokali mai yatsa, kuma an haɗa su ta amfani da giciye. Kowane ƙarshen gicciye yana da ɗaukar allura. An saka cokali mai yatsa a kan waɗannan bearings kuma godiya ga su, canja wurin juyawa zai yiwu daga wannan shinge zuwa wani lokacin da aka kafa kusurwa daga 15 zuwa 35 digiri, dangane da na'urar. Da kyau, a baya, an yi amfani da cardan zuwa akwatin gear ta amfani da flange, wanda aka ɗora a kan kusoshi hudu.
Matsayi mai mahimmanci yana taka rawa ta hanyar tallafi na tsaka-tsaki, a ciki wanda akwai ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa. Ana murƙushe goyan bayan ƙasan motar, kuma ɗaukar hoto yana ba da damar jujjuyawar kyauta.
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, na'urar tana da sauƙi, bisa ka'idar hinge. Koyaya, injiniyoyi suna buƙatar yin ƙididdige ƙididdiga don duk abubuwan dakatarwa suyi aiki daidai da daidaitawa.
Ana lodawa…
