Carbin - carbon mai girma daya
Kamar yadda mujallar Nature Materials ta ruwaito a watan Oktobar 2016, masana kimiyya daga sashen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a jami'ar Vienna sun yi nasarar samun hanyar yin karbuwa mai tsayuwa, watau. Carbon mai girma ɗaya, wanda ake ganin ya fi ƙarfin graphene (carbon mai girma biyu).
Har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban bege da harbinger na juyin juya halin abu, tun ma kafin ya zama gaskiya a cikin fasaha, graphene na iya riga ya rushe shi ta hanyar ɗan uwansa na tushen carbon - Karbin. Lissafi sun nuna cewa ƙarfin juzu'in na carbyne ya ninka na graphene sau biyu, yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfinsa ya kasance sau uku fiye da na lu'u-lu'u. Carbyne (a bisa ka'ida) yana da kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi, kuma lokacin da aka adana igiyoyinsa tare, suna haɗuwa ta hanyar da ake iya faɗi.
Wannan sigar allotropic ce ta carbon tare da tsarin polyalkyne (C≡C) n, wanda atom ɗin ke samar da dogayen sarƙoƙi tare da musanya guda ɗaya da ɗari uku ko tara shaidu biyu. Irin wannan tsarin ana kiransa tsarin tsarin girma ɗaya (1D) saboda babu wani abu da ke haɗawa da filament mai kauri ɗaya. Tsarin graphene ya kasance mai girma biyu, saboda yana da tsayi da faɗi, amma takardar ita ce kauri ɗaya kawai. Binciken da aka yi ya zuwa yanzu yana nuna cewa mafi ƙarfi nau'in carabiner zai zama zaren guda biyu da ke haɗuwa da juna (1).
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an san kadan game da carbine. Masana ilmin taurari sun ce an fara gano shi a cikin meteorites da ƙura mai tsaka-tsakin.
Mingji Liu da wata tawaga a Jami'ar Rice sun ƙididdige kaddarorin ka'idojin carbine waɗanda za su iya taimakawa a cikin bincike mai zurfi. Masu binciken sun gabatar da wani bincike tare da la'akari da gwaje-gwaje don ƙarfin juzu'i, ƙarfin sassauƙa da nakasar torsional. Sun ƙididdige cewa ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin carbyne (watau ƙarfi zuwa nauyin nauyi) yana a matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba (6,0-7,5 × 107 N∙m / kg) idan aka kwatanta da graphene (4,7-5,5. 107 × 4,3 N ∙m / kg), carbon nanotubes (5,0-107×2,5 N∙m/kg) da lu'u-lu'u (6,5-107×10 N∙m/kg). Karɓar haɗin guda ɗaya a cikin jerin ƙwayoyin zarra na buƙatar ƙarfin kusan 14 nN. Tsawon sarkar a zafin jiki yana kusan XNUMX nm.
Ta ƙara kungiyar aiki CH2 Ƙarshen sarkar carbine za a iya murɗawa kamar igiyar DNA. Ta hanyar "ado" sarƙoƙi na carabiner tare da kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, ana iya canza wasu kaddarorin. Ƙarin wasu ƙwayoyin sinadarai na calcium waɗanda ke haɗuwa da atom ɗin hydrogen zai haifar da wani soso mai girma na hydrogen.
Wani abu mai ban sha'awa na sabon abu shine ikon samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da sassan gefe. Ana iya amfani da tsarin ƙirƙira da karya waɗannan shaidu don adanawa da sakin makamashi. Don haka, Carabiner na iya zama kayan ajiyar makamashi mai inganci sosai, tunda kwayoyin halittarsa na atom guda daya ne a diamita, kuma karfin kayan yana nufin cewa za a iya yin ta maimaitawa da karya igiyoyi ba tare da hadarin karya ba. kwayar halittar kanta ta rushe.
Komai na nuni da cewa mikewa ko karkatar da carabiner yana canza kayan lantarki. Masana ilimin tunani har ma sun ba da shawarar sanya "hannu" na musamman a ƙarshen kwayoyin halitta, wanda zai ba ku damar sauri da sauƙi canza motsi ko ratar bandeji na carbyne.
2. Sarkar carabiners a cikin tsarin graphene
Abin takaici, duk abubuwan da aka sani kuma ba a gano su ba na carbine za su kasance kawai kyakkyawan ka'idar idan ba za mu iya samar da kayan da arha da yawa ba. Wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike sun ba da rahoton shirya carbine, amma kayan sun tabbatar da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Wasu masanan kuma sun yi imanin cewa idan muka haɗa nau'i biyu na carabiner, za a sami fashewa. A cikin Afrilu na wannan shekara, an sami rahotanni game da ci gaba da ingantaccen carabiner a cikin nau'i na zaren a cikin "bangon" na tsarin graphene (2).
Watakila tsarin tsarin Jami'ar Vienna da aka ambata a farkon ci gaba ne. Ya kamata mu gano nan ba da jimawa ba.
