Yadda zaka kare kanka daga radiation a sararin samaniya

Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya (ANU) ta haɓaka sabon nanomaterial wanda zai iya yin tunani ko watsa haske akan buƙata kuma ana sarrafa zafin jiki. A cewar mawallafin binciken, wannan yana buɗe kofa ga fasahohin da ke ba da kariya ga 'yan sama jannati a sararin samaniya daga illa mai cutarwa.

Shugaban Bincike Mohsen Rahmani Hukumar ta ANU ta ce kayan na da sirara ta yadda za a iya shafa daruruwan yadudduka a saman bakin allurar, wanda za a iya shafa shi a ko’ina, ciki har da na sararin samaniya.

 Dakta Rahmani ya shaida wa Science Daily.

 Dokta Xu ya kara da cewa daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiya ta Kasa a Makarantar Kimiyya da Injiniya ta ANU.

Samfurin nanomaterial daga ANU karkashin gwaji

Iyakar aiki a cikin millisieverts

Wannan wata gabaɗaya ce kuma madaidaiciyar jerin ra'ayoyi don yaƙi da kariya daga haskoki masu cutarwa waɗanda mutane ke fallasa a wajen sararin duniya.

Rayayyun halittu suna jin dadi a sararin samaniya. Ainihin, NASA ta bayyana "iyakan aiki" ga 'yan sama jannati, dangane da iyakar adadin radiation da za su iya sha. Wannan iyaka 800 zuwa 1200 millisivertsdangane da shekaru, jinsi da sauran dalilai. Wannan kashi yayi daidai da matsakaicin haɗarin haɓaka ciwon daji - 3%. NASA ba ta ƙyale ƙarin haɗari ba.

Matsakaicin mazaunan Duniya yana fuskantar kusan. 6 millisieverts na radiation a kowace shekara, wanda shine sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi kamar radon gas da granite countertops, da kuma abubuwan da ba su da kyau kamar su x-ray.

Ayyukan sararin samaniya, musamman waɗanda ke wajen filin maganadisu na Duniya, suna fuskantar manyan matakan radiation, gami da hasken rana daga bazuwar guguwar rana wanda zai iya lalata bargon ƙashi da gabobin jiki. Don haka idan muna son yin balaguro cikin sararin samaniya, muna buƙatar ko ta yaya mu magance mummunan gaskiyar hasken sararin samaniya.

Har ila yau, fallasa hasken hasken yana ƙara haɗarin samun 'yan sama jannati da ke haifar da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, maye gurbi, lalata tsarin jijiya, har ma da cataracts. A cikin 'yan shekarun baya-bayan nan na shirin sararin samaniya, NASA ta tattara bayanan fallasa hasken radiation ga dukkan 'yan sama jannatin ta.

A halin yanzu ba mu da wani ingantaccen kariya daga haskoki na sararin samaniya. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun bambanta da amfani yumbu daga asteroids kamar murfi, bayan gidajen karkashin kasa akan mars, Anyi daga regolith na Martian, amma ra'ayoyin suna da kyau duk da haka.

NASA na binciken tsarin Keɓaɓɓen kariya na radiation don jiragen sama na duniya (PERSEO). Yana ɗaukar amfani da ruwa azaman abu don haɓakawa, amintattu daga radiation. tsalle-tsalle. Ana gwada samfurin a cikin tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa (ISS). Masana kimiyya suna gwadawa, alal misali, ko dan sama jannati zai iya sanya rigar sararin samaniya cikin kwanciyar hankali sannan ya zubar da shi ba tare da rasa ruwa ba, wanda ke da matukar amfani a sararin samaniya.

Kamfanin StemRad na Isra'ila yana so ya magance matsalar ta hanyar bayarwa garkuwar radiation. NASA da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Isra'ila sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya wacce za a yi amfani da rigar kariya ta AstroRad yayin aikin NASA EM-1 a kusa da wata da kuma tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya a cikin 2019.

Kamar tsuntsayen Chernobyl

Domin an san cewa rayuwa ta samo asali ne daga duniyar da aka keɓe da kyau daga hasken sararin samaniya, halittun ƙasa ba su da ƙarfin rayuwa ba tare da wannan garkuwar ba. Kowane nau'in haɓaka sabon rigakafi na halitta, gami da radiation, yana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo. Koyaya, akwai keɓantacce na musamman.

Labarin "Tsarin juriya na rediyo mai tsayi!" akan gidan yanar gizon Oncotarget

Labarin Kimiyya na 2014 ya bayyana yadda akasarin halittun da ke yankin Chernobyl suka lalace saboda yawan radiation. Duk da haka, ya zama cewa a wasu al'ummomin tsuntsaye ba haka lamarin yake ba. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɓaka juriya ga radiation, wanda ya haifar da raguwar matakan lalacewar DNA da adadin radicals masu haɗari masu haɗari.

Tunanin cewa dabbobi ba wai kawai sun dace da radiation ba, har ma suna iya samar da amsa mai kyau game da shi, shine ga mutane da yawa mabuɗin fahimtar yadda mutane za su iya daidaitawa da yanayin da ke da matakan radiation, kamar jirgin ruwa, sararin samaniya, ko interstellar. sarari..

A watan Fabrairun 2018, wata kasida ta bayyana a cikin mujallar Oncotarget a ƙarƙashin taken "Vive la radiorésistance!" ("Rayuwa mai dorewa!"). Ya shafi bincike a fagen ilimin halittu da ilimin halittu da nufin haɓaka juriyar ɗan adam ga radiation a cikin yanayin mamaye sararin samaniya mai zurfi. Daga cikin mawallafin kasidar, wadanda manufarsu ita ce zayyana "taswirar hanya" don cimma yanayin kariya ga dan Adam da hayakin rediyo, wanda zai ba da damar jinsunan mu su binciko sararin samaniya ba tare da tsoro ba, akwai kwararru daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Ames ta NASA.

 - in ji Joao Pedro de Magalhães, marubucin labarin, wakilin Cibiyar Bincike na Amurka don Biogerontology.

Ra'ayoyin da ke yawo a cikin jama'ar masu goyon bayan "daidaita" na jikin mutum zuwa sararin samaniya suna da ɗan ban mamaki. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, alal misali, zai zama maye gurbin manyan abubuwan gina jiki na jikinmu, abubuwan da ke tattare da hydrogen da carbon, tare da isotopes masu nauyi, deuterium da C-13 carbon. Akwai wasu, hanyoyin da aka saba da su, kamar magunguna don rigakafi tare da maganin radiation, jiyya na kwayoyin halitta, ko farfadowar nama mai aiki a matakin salula.

Tabbas, akwai yanayi daban-daban. Ya ce idan sararin samaniya ya yi gaba da ilimin halittar mu, mu tsaya a doron kasa mu bari a binciko na’urorin da ba su da illa ga radiation.

Duk da haka, irin wannan tunanin da alama ya yi yawa cikin cin karo da mafarkin tsofaffi na balaguron sararin samaniya.