Yadda nau'ikan fasahar zamani daban-daban ke aiki a cikin motoci

A halin yanzu, motar da aka yi amfani da tsarin dimokuradiyya tana kan gaba, lokacin canji tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki, don haka motoci suna amfani da waɗannan fasahohin biyu a lokaci guda. Duk da haka, ya kamata ku sani cewa wannan kalmar ta duniya tana ɓoye fasahohi iri-iri, kama daga hybrids na anecdotal zuwa "nauyi" hybrids. To, bari mu dauki wani look at cikin daban-daban hybridizations cewa wanzu, kazalika da duk ribobi da fursunoni na karshen.

Kafin yin la'akari daban-daban topologies da fasaha gine-gine na matasan motocin (mabambanta majalisai), za mu fara aiwatar da rarrabuwa ta na'urar calibration.

Daban-daban matakan hybridization

Matattara sosai raunana MHEV ("microhybrid" / "KARYA" hybridization)

Awon karfin wuta	Ƙananan / 48V
Mai caji:	babu
Tukin lantarki:	babu
kiba:	<30kg
Ƙarfin baturi:	<0.8 ka

Wasu matakan hybridization suna da haske sosai, wannan musamman yana faruwa tare da 48V a matakin crankshaft pulley (kafin wannan ya iyakance ga tsayawa da farawa, janareta-starter bai karɓi halin yanzu ba don samun damar taimakawa injin. )... Sanye take da ƙananan batura ƙasa da 0.7 kWh daBa na la'akari da wannan fasaha ya zama gaske hybridization. Sojojin da na'urar lantarki ke haifarwa sun yi yawa da ba za a iya tantance su ba. Kuma tun lokacin da aka watsa wutar lantarki zuwa ƙafafun ta hanyar motar (ta hanyar damp pulley), 100% motsi na lantarki ba zai yiwu ba a fili. Yi hankali da masu shuka waɗanda ke ƙara ton zuwa irin wannan fasaha, yana ba ku damar yin imani da daidaituwar haɓakawa (a zahiri, wannan shine abin da ake buƙata don adana ƴan gram don hukumcin muhalli). Saboda haka, ina so in bambanta wannan hybridization daga na gaba.

Hattara da masana'antun da suka wuce gona da iri, ana iya siffanta haɓakar MHEV a matsayin "almara" saboda yana da ƙima.

Za ku gane su ta hanyar 48V ko MHEV nomenclature. Za mu iya buga misali, e-TSI ko Ecoboost MHEV.

Mild hybrid ("REAL" matasan) HEV

Awon karfin wuta	Babban / ~ 200V
Mai caji:	babu
Tukin lantarki:	a
kiba:	30 zuwa 70 kg
Ƙarfin baturi:	da 1 a 3 kWh

Saboda haka, ba mu kasance a nan ba

sosai

Hasken da yayi alƙawarin kaɗan (muna tafiya daga ƙasa da 0.5 kWh zuwa ƙima a cikin kewayon daga da 1 a 3 kWh, ko kuma daga kilomita 1 zuwa 3 akan cikakken wutar lantarki). Saboda haka, a nan muna magana ne game da sauƙi hybridization, amma har yanzu sequential hybridization (don zama alaka da category nuna bayan [PHEV], a nan shi ne bambance-bambancen na haske PHEV sabili da haka ba rechargeable). Don haka, za mu iya tuƙi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar wutar lantarki, ko da tazara ce mai ɗan gajeren lokaci. Manufar anan shine da farko don rage yawan amfani, ba don rufe 100% na nisan tafiya ta lantarki ba. Mafi kyawun mahallin shine filogi, yanayin da zamani, injunan allura da aka rage kai tsaye suka zama mafi ƙarfin kuzari (mafi kyawun cakuda injin sanyaya wanda galibi yana fifita ƙonawa, amma wannan wani ɓangare ne kawai na bayanin). Don haka kusan ba ku samun komai akan manyan hanyoyin: ƙasa / sashe / manyan tituna. A cikin wannan mahallin, man dizal ya kasance mafi riba (sabili da haka ga duniya!).

Shahararriyar duka ita ce haɗakar HSD ta Toyota saboda ta yi shekaru! Saboda haka, shi ma ya fi yawa ... An san amincinsa kuma aikinsa yana da tunani sosai.

Kwanan nan, za mu yi magana game da Renault E-Tech hybrid, wanda, kamar Toyota, yana cikin fasaharsa wanda babu wanda ke da shi (a nan ba ku ne mai samar da kayan aiki ba, amma alamar da ta haɓaka). ... Haka yake da Mitsubishi IMMD.

PHEV plug-in matasan ("REAL" matasan)

Awon karfin wuta	Mafi girma / ~ 400V
Mai caji:	a
Tukin lantarki:	a
kiba:	100 zuwa 500 kg
Ƙarfin baturi:	da 7 a 30 kWh

Irin wannan matasan za a iya cancanta a matsayin "nauyi", saboda kayan aikin a kan jirgin ba su da nisa daga zama mai ban dariya da haske (daga 100 zuwa 500 kg karin: baturi, wutar lantarki da lantarki) ...

Sai mu loda baturi, wanda zai iya zuwa daga da 7 a 30 kWh, isa ya tuki daga 20 zuwa kusan 100 km, dangane da mota (mafi zamani).

Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran matakan haɓaka haɓaka, muna da fasaha iri-iri. Har yanzu muna samun matasan Renault E-Tech, amma a nan an haɗa shi da babban baturi mai caji ta hanyar waje. Domin idan Clio yana da nau'in nauyi mai nauyin 1.2 kWh, Captur ko Megane 4 na iya amfana daga nau'in 9.8 kWh, wanda saboda haka za mu cancanci zama mai nauyi. X5 45e zai amfana daga nau'in 24 kWh, wanda ya isa ya yi tafiya mai nisan kilomita 90 akan duk wutar lantarki.

Irin wannan motar na iya haɓaka zuwa 130 km / h a duk wutar lantarki, masana'antun suna da alama sun daidaita kansu a wannan saurin (suna ba da kusan komai iri ɗaya).

Mai hybrids na da irin wannan ayan da wani lantarki mota dake daura da kama / karfin juyi Converter, Saboda haka tsakanin engine da gearbox. Renault ya ba da wutar lantarki ta watsa kuma ya cire clutch, kuma Toyota yana amfani da jirgin ƙasa na duniya don haɗa ƙarfin zafi da wutar lantarki a kan ƙafafun (tsarin HSD ba ya kunna lokacin da kuka ƙara baturi 8.8 kWh a ciki. Baturi da za a iya caji ta hanyar amfani da shi. ta hanyar).

Daban-daban gine-gine na matasan motocin

Hasken taro MHEV / Micro hybrid 48V

Wannan tsarin yana aiki a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, wato 24 ko 48 V (kusan koyaushe 48 V). A wannan lokacin muna magana ne game da ba da mota tare da tsarin tasha "mafi kyau" da farawa, wanda ba'a iyakance ga sake kunna motar ba. Menene ƙari, yana taimakawa injin zafi koda yana cikin motsi. Wannan tsarin ba ya ba ku damar yin aiki gaba ɗaya ta hanyar lantarki, amma ya zama tsari mai sauƙi da sauƙi wanda za'a iya shigar dashi a ko'ina! Daga ƙarshe, wannan shine watakila mafi kyawun tsarin duk, koda da kallon farko yana da ɗan sauki a gare ku. Amma yanayin haske ne ya sa ya zama mai ban sha'awa ...

Daidaitaccen shimfidar matasan

A cikin wannan tsarin, injina guda biyu na iya jujjuya ƙafafun, ko dai kawai thermal, ko kuma kawai na lantarki (a kan cikakken hybrids), ko duka biyun a lokaci guda. Tarin iko zai dogara ne akan wasu masu canji (duba ƙasa: tara iko). Hakanan lura cewa wasu daga cikin abubuwan zasu iya zama ɗan bambanta, amma dabarar ta kasance iri ɗaya: lantarki da zafin jiki suna fitar da ƙafafun ta cikin akwatin gear. Misali shine matasan Jamus kamar tsarin e-Tron / GTE. Wannan tsarin yana kara yaduwa kuma yakamata ya zama mafi rinjaye.

Karanta: cikakkun bayanai game da aikin e-Tron hybridization (mai juyawa da tsayi) da GTE.

Da fatan za a lura cewa na yanke shawarar yin zane na tare da tsarin injunan juzu'i, wato, yawancin motocinmu. Sedans na alatu yawanci suna cikin matsayi mai tsayi. Har ila yau, a lura cewa a nan na ƙayyade wani clutch da ke cire haɗin injin daga watsawa (don haka zai zama dole a ƙara clutch ko Converter tsakanin injin lantarki da akwatin gear ban da kewaye. Akwatin gear. Misalin E-Tense da HYbrid / HYbrid4 daga PSA)

Wannan tsari ne akan motar Mercedes mai injin tsayin tsayi. Na yi alama a cikin ja injin lantarkin da ke gaban mai jujjuyawa. A dama akwai akwatin gear (planetary, saboda BVA), kuma a gefen hagu akwai injin.

Tsarin Dutsen Hybrid

Sauran tsarin sun gan shi daban, saboda kawai injin lantarki ne kawai ke iya tuka ƙafafun. Sannan injin zafi zai kasance kawai a matsayin janareta na lantarki don yin cajin batura. Ita kanta injin ba ta da alaƙa da watsawa don haka tare da ƙafafun, ba zai yuwu ya kasance wani ɓangare na injiniyoyi ba, har sai an ajiye shi a gefe. Anan zaka iya komawa zuwa BMW i3 ko Chevrolet Volt / Opel Ampera (binoculars).

Anan, injin lantarki ne kaɗai ke iya motsa motar, tunda ita kaɗai ce ke haɗa ƙafafun. Za mu iya ɗauka cewa wannan motar lantarki ce, wadda za ta sami ƙarin janareta don ƙara 'yancin kai. Injin zafi da ke samar da ɗaruruwan ƙarfin dawakai ba zai yi amfani da yawa ba tunda yana samar da wutar lantarki ne kawai.

Tsarin-daidaitacce shigarwa

Anan za ku iya samun ƙarin matsala wajen fahimtar manufar da sauri ... Lallai, ya zama mai hankali kamar yadda yake da wuyar fahimta. Wani ɓangare na dalilin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin jirgin ƙasa na gear, wanda ke ba da damar adana wutar lantarki a kan tudu guda ɗaya daga tushe guda biyu: injin lantarki da injin zafi. Har ila yau, rikitarwa na adadin abubuwan motsi masu aiki tare, da kuma nau'i-nau'i masu yawa na aiki wanda ke sa tsarin a duniya yana da wuyar koyo (cakuda da hadaddun ra'ayoyin da ke da alaka da sarkar watsawa, musamman jirgin kasa na Ecyclic, amma). da kuma amfani da ƙarfin lantarki kamar don samar da halin yanzu da kuma watsa karfin wuta tare da tasirin kama). Ana kiran shi sequential / parallel saboda ya ɗan haɗa nau'ikan aiki guda biyu (wanda ke dagula abubuwa ...).

Kara karantawa: Yadda Toyota Hybrid (HSD) ke Aiki.

Gina ya bambanta daga tsara zuwa tsara, amma ka'idar iri ɗaya ce

Ainihin zane yana juyewa ne saboda idan aka duba shi ta bangaren kishiyar...

Rarrabe/Bambance Tsakanin Hybrid

Za mu iya buga misali, PSA (ko kuma Aisin) Hybrid4 tsarin, a cikin abin da lantarki motor ne ga raya ƙafafun, yayin da gaban ne na al'ada da zafi engine (wani lokacin shi ma matasan a gaba kamar Rav4). HSD ko ma ƙarni na biyu HYbrid2 da HYbrid4 a wasu lokuta).

Daban-daban matakan hybridization

Kafin mu kalli hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙirƙirar abin hawa, bari mu fara kallon ƙamus da ke kwatanta nau'ikan yuwuwar haɓakawa:

• Cikakken matasan : a zahiri "cikakkiyar matasan": lantarki tare da akalla 30% na jimlar iya aiki. Motar lantarki (kuma ana iya samun da yawa daga cikinsu) tana da ikon ba da motsi kai tsaye na tsawon kilomita da yawa.
• Toshe-in matasan : Cikakken plug-in matasan. Za'a iya haɗa batura kai tsaye zuwa manyan hanyoyin sadarwa.
• Ildananan matasan / Microhybrid : A wannan yanayin, motar ba za ta iya tuka gaba ɗaya akan wutar lantarki ba, ko da na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Don haka, mai hoton thermal zai kasance koyaushe yana kunne. Nau'in 48V na zamani har ma da tsari suna taimaka wa injin ta hanyar juzu'in damp. A cikin sifofin farko na 2010s, an iyakance shi ga ingantaccen Tsayawa da Sart, saboda ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar janareta-starter kuma ba mai farawa na yau da kullun ba (don haka za mu iya dawo da makamashi yayin raguwa, wanda ba zai iya zama yanayin al'ada ba. Hakika)

Me yasa ƙarfi baya haɓaka koyaushe?

A cikin yanayi na matasan da ke motsa motar lantarki, wanda kanta yana cajin ta hanyar janareta na thermal (ko engine ...), yana da sauƙi a fahimci cewa babu wani abu da ya kamata a yi ... Bari ikon thermal ya zama 2 ko 1000. karfin doki. ba zai canza komai ba, tunda ana amfani da shi kawai don yin cajin batura. Ainihin za a iya kunnawa a saurin sake saukewa.

Don ƙarin tsarin al'ada (motar ƙirar gargajiya tare da motar lantarki mai goyan baya), ƙarfin wutar lantarki da injin zafi tara amma ba lallai ba ne ya haifar da sauƙaƙa murabus.

Lallai, abubuwa da yawa na iya yin tasiri akan tarawa, misali:

• Tsare-tsare na tsarin (ko injin ɗin lantarki zai iya fitar da ƙafafu iri ɗaya kamar na mai ɗaukar hoto na thermal? Ba akan Hybrid4 ba, misali parallel hybrid ko series-parallel)
• Ƙarfin baturi (ƙarar da injin lantarki) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Domin ba kamar thermal ba, wanda ake amfani da man fetur daga tanki (lita 2 ya isa ya ba da wutar lantarki 8 hp V500 na ƴan daƙiƙa guda), injin ɗin ba zai iya isar da dukkan ƙarfinsa ba idan baturin bai isa ba (a. aƙalla daidai da injin ɗin da za a yi amfani da shi), wanda ke faruwa akan wasu samfuran. Idan aka kwatanta da locomotive na dizal, kamar an iyakance amfani da mai ...
• Ƙayyadaddun motoci guda biyu masu haɗaka. Injin ba ya isar da iko iri ɗaya akan iyakar gudun gaba ɗaya (an ce inji yana da ƙarfin dawakai na X a rpm, ƙarfin da ya bambanta kwata-kwata Y/min). Don haka, idan aka haɗu da injina guda biyu, mafi girman ƙarfin ba zai kai matsakaicin ƙarfin injin ɗin biyu ba. Misali: wutar lantarki 200 HP a 3000 rpm a hade tare da wutar lantarki na 50 hp. a 2000 rpm ba zai iya ba da 250 hp ba. a 3000 rpm, tun da wutar lantarki tana da matsakaicin ƙarfi (50) a 2000 t / min. A 3000 rpm zai haɓaka 40 hp kawai, don haka 200 + 40 = 240 hp.

Duk tsokaci da martani

karshe sharhin da aka buga:

Emryspro (Kwanan wata: 2021 06:30:07)

Lexus RX 400h 2010

Ina da matsala wajen yin cajin baturi 12V. Bukatar taimako don Allah

Ina I. 1 amsa (s) ga wannan sharhin:

• Admin ADAMIN JAHAR (2021-07-01 10:32:38): Tun da babu mai canzawa, ana haɗa shi da na'urar lantarki mai sarrafa wutar lantarki.

(Za a iya ganin post ɗinku a ƙarƙashin sharhin bayan tabbaci)

Rubuta sharhi

A cikin waɗannan samfuran wanne ne ya fi ƙarfafa ku idan ya zo ga kayan alatu?